Austin, the capital of Texas, is a rapidly growing city with a rich history. As the 11th most populous city in the US, it boasts a vibrant culture and thriving economy. Located about 80 miles from San Antonio, the two cities form a large metropolitan area with a combined population of approximately 5 million. Austin is known for its status as a global city and its position as the southernmost state capital in the contiguous United States.
On April 7, 1900, a significant flood caused the destruction of the first granite dam constructed on the Colorado River in Austin.
In 1900, the McDonald Dam collapsed, resulting in the formation of Red Bud Isle, a small island on Lady Bird Lake.
The Paramount Theatre opened in downtown Austin in 1915, contributing to the city's theater and film scene.
Between 1880 and 1920, despite the Texas Oil Boom benefiting other areas, Austin experienced a relative decline in population growth, slipping from the fourth to the tenth largest city in Texas.
The deadliest storm to ever strike within Austin city limits was the twin tornadoes storm of May 4, 1922.
The year 1928 saw Austin embark on a series of civic development and beautification projects as part of the 1928 Austin city plan, leading to the creation of much of the city's existing infrastructure and numerous parks.
After 1935, a majority of housing deeds in Austin incorporated restrictions that prohibited African Americans, and in some cases other nonwhite groups, from using land, further entrenching racial segregation in the city.
In 1940, a new hollow concrete dam, designed to replace the destroyed granite dam, was constructed on the Colorado River, forming Lake McDonald (now known as Lake Austin), a structure that has since successfully withstood subsequent floods.
The lowest temperature ever recorded in Austin, Texas was -2°F (-19°C) on January 31, 1949.
The Austin Aqua Festival, or "Aqua Fest," was first held in 1962 as a summer tourism event focused on water-themed activities.
Marking the beginning of Austin's journey into the technology sector, defense electronics contractor Tracor (now BAE Systems) commenced operations in the city in 1962.
On August 1, 1966, one of the first mass school shootings in the U.S. occurred at the University of Texas at Austin. Charles Whitman, positioned atop the university tower, shot and killed 13 people and wounded 43 others. This tragic event led to the formation of the Austin Police Department's SWAT team.
In 1967, IBM opened a facility in Austin dedicated to producing its Selectric typewriters, further solidifying the city's growing technological presence.
Mount Bonnell, a popular tourist destination in Austin, was officially recognized as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1969 and assigned Marker number 6473.
The 1970 U.S. Census provided a snapshot of Austin's racial demographics, reporting a population comprised of 14.5% Hispanic, 11.9% Black, and 73.4% non-Hispanic white residents.
From 1973 to 1994, Austin voters consistently rejected proposals for single-member districts in favor of the existing at-large system.
In 1974, Motorola (now NXP Semiconductors) began manufacturing semiconductor chips in Austin, adding to the city's burgeoning reputation as a technology hub.
The horror film "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" was released in 1974, filmed in Austin.
The Islamic Center of Greater Austin, the largest mosque in the city, was established in 1977, marking a significant moment for the Muslim community in Austin.
The Mexic-Arte Museum, a museum for Mexican and Mexican-American art, was founded in 1983.
The film "Songwriter" was produced in Austin in 1984.
In 1984, the Austin Country Club moved to its current location, featuring a new course designed by renowned golf course architect Pete Dye.
In 1984, a lawsuit challenged Austin's at-large system of government; however, the court upheld the system.
Before the February 2021 winter storm, the longest time Austin, Texas had snow cover of more than an inch was three days, in January 1985.
CapMetro, Austin's primary public transportation provider, commenced operations in 1985, laying the groundwork for the city's public transportation system.
Before 1987, the federal government mandated that both San Antonio and Dallas abandon their at-large systems of government.
In 1991, Austin City Council voted to deactivate the sister city statuses of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, and Elche, Spain.
In 1991, a horrific crime shook Austin when four teenage girls were found murdered inside an I Can't Believe It's Yogurt! store. Despite a thorough investigation, the case remains unsolved to this day.
The first Austin Turkey Trot, a 5-mile race held annually on Thanksgiving, was held in 1991.
The first Austin Marathon was held in 1992 and has been run every year since.
The Austin Parks Foundation (APF) was established in 1992 to help develop and improve parks in Austin and surrounding areas.
In 1993, as part of the Base Realignment and Closure process, Bergstrom Air Force Base in Austin, Texas, was officially decommissioned. This closure had significant implications for the city's landscape and future development.
Austin's historic moonlight towers gained cinematic recognition in 1993 when they were featured in the film "Dazed and Confused," further solidifying their status as notable city landmarks.
In 1994, Austin voters once again rejected a proposal to implement single-member districts, marking the last such vote before the successful 2012 referendum.
The Austin Ice Bats, a minor-league professional hockey team, began playing at the Travis County Expo Center in 1996.
The deadliest tornado outbreak to ever strike the Austin, Texas metropolitan area was on May 27, 1997.
Prior to the increase in homicides observed in 2016, the city of Austin had experienced its highest number of homicides in 1997.
The Alamo Drafthouse Cinema, a movie theater chain, was founded in Austin in 1997.
The Austin Aqua Festival came to an end in 1998 after experiencing declining attendance and financial challenges.
Austin–Bergstrom International Airport (ABIA), situated on the grounds of the former Bergstrom Air Force Base, assumed the role of Austin's primary airport in 1999. This transition led to the closure of Robert Mueller Municipal Airport, which had previously served as the city's main airport.
The Austin Parks and Recreation Department received the Excellence in Aquatics award in 1999 from the National Recreation and Park Association.
The highest temperature ever recorded in Austin, Texas was 112°F (44°C) on September 5, 2000.
The Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum opened in Austin in 2000.
The 2000 US Census recorded Austin's population at 656,562, with 265,649 households. The data provides a snapshot of the city's demographics at the turn of the millennium.
Between 2000 and 2010, Austin experienced rapid growth, leading to noticeable changes in the city's demographic makeup.
In 2000, a proposal to introduce light rail services in Austin faced opposition from voters and was ultimately rejected.
In 2000, Orlu, South East, Nigeria, was designated as a sister city to Austin. This relationship was later downgraded to emeritus status.
The Trail of Lights, an Austin Christmas tradition, was canceled in 2001 due to the September 11 Attacks.
The first Austin City Limits Music Festival was held in Zilker Park in 2002 and has since become an annual event.
The Trail of Lights was canceled again in 2002 due to the ongoing impact of the September 11 Attacks.
The 2003 Texas redistricting significantly impacted Austin's political landscape. The plan, challenged in court as partisan gerrymandering, resulted in Austin being split across multiple congressional districts, a departure from its century-long inclusion within a single district.
In 2003, the City of Austin passed a resolution formally opposing the USA PATRIOT Act. The resolution reaffirmed the city's commitment to constitutionally guaranteed rights.
In November 2004, Austin's new city hall, designed by Antoine Predock and Cotera Kolar Negrete & Reed Architects, officially opened. The building was noted for its use of recycled materials and solar panels.
In 2004, Austin was ranked the number one city in MovieMaker Magazine's annual list of top ten cities to live and make movies.
In 2004, Austin was recognized by the Milken Institute as the 12th leading center for biotechnology and life sciences in the United States. This ranking highlights the city's growing prominence in these sectors.
Since 2004, Austin's housing market experienced a consistent upward trend, with median house prices increasing year after year.
The Austin Parks and Recreation Department received the Gold Medal Awards in 2004 from the National Recreation and Park Association.
In 2005, then-Mayor Will Wynn aimed to increase the residential population of downtown Austin to 25,000 by the year 2015.
The University of Texas at Austin's Longhorns football team was named the NCAA Division I FBS National Football Champion during the 2005–2006 academic year.
In 2005, a demographic shift occurred in Austin as the non-Hispanic white population fell below 50% for the first time, reflecting the city's increasing diversity.
Austin hosted the filming of the MTV series, "The Real World: Austin" in 2005.
On June 28, 2006, the Supreme Court largely settled a challenge to the 2003 Texas redistricting plan, upholding it with the exception of one district. This decision impacted Austin's districting, leading to the redrawing of U.S. Rep. Lloyd Doggett's district.
The initial phase of SH 130, a bypass route intended to ease traffic congestion, was unveiled in November 2006. This segment was strategically positioned east of Austin–Bergstrom International Airport, connecting to SH 71 at Austin's southeast edge.
The Blanton Museum of Art in Austin reopened in 2006.
The University of Texas at Austin's Longhorns baseball team won the College World Series in 2006.
In March 2007, the 183A Toll Road was opened to the public, providing a tolled alternative to US 183 for travelers passing through the municipalities of Leander and Cedar Park.
The Austin Lyric Opera premiered Philip Glass's opera "Waiting for the Barbarians" in 2007.
In 2009, the median house price in Austin reached $185,906, reflecting the ongoing growth in the city's housing market.
In 2009, data revealed that 72.7% of commuters in Austin relied on driving alone as their primary mode of transportation. Other modes of commuting included carpooling at 10.4%, remote work at 6%, public transit at 5%, walking at 2.3%, and cycling at 1%.
October 2010 marked the beginning of the least rain recorded in a water year in Austin, Texas history.
The book "Weird City" was published in 2010, discussing the origins of the "Keep Austin Weird" motto and its connection to concerns about commercialism and overdevelopment in Austin.
By the end of the decade in 2010, Austin had undergone a period of significant growth. The city's African American population saw a decline in its percentage share, despite an increase in actual numbers.
In 2010, Facebook announced its expansion to Austin with the acceptance of a grant to establish a downtown office, projecting the creation of up to 200 jobs. This move further solidified Austin's reputation as a burgeoning tech hub, earning it the nickname "Silicon Hills." The influx of technology companies spurred rapid development and transformed the city's landscape.
In 2010, a man deliberately crashed his plane into an Austin office building housing an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) office. The attack, which was ruled a suicide attack, killed one IRS employee, injured 13 others, and caused significant damage to the building.
In 2010, the Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority (CapMetro) inaugurated CapMetro Rail, a 32-mile hybrid rail system. This single-line system connects downtown Austin with various neighborhoods, including East Austin, North Central Austin, Northwest Austin, and the suburb of Leander.
In 2010, the Trail of Lights was canceled due to budget shortfalls.
Starting in 2010, Austin began experiencing a period of rapid growth, establishing itself as one of the fastest-growing large cities in the United States.
According to the 2010 United States census, Austin's racial composition was predominantly White (68.3%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (35.1%), African American (8.1%), and Asian (6.3%).
A snow event in Austin, Texas on February 4, 2011, resulted in more than 300 car crashes.
The highest temperature ever recorded in Austin, Texas was 112°F (44°C), recorded again on August 28, 2011.
September 2011 marked the end of a record drought in Austin, Texas, with both major reporting stations recording less than a third of normal precipitation.
The Chili's restaurant located at the intersection of 45th and Lamar in Austin became the subject of internet memes starting in 2011.
The Trail of Lights faced another cancellation in 2011 due to continued budget shortfalls.
On November 1, 2012, the final section of State Highway 130 (SH 130) was inaugurated, marking the completion of this bypass route designed to alleviate traffic congestion in the Austin area. Notably, the 41-mile stretch between Mustang Ridge and Seguin boasts an 85 mph speed limit, the highest posted speed limit in the United States.
On November 6, 2012, Austin voters approved a referendum to change the city's council structure to a "10+1" system. This created ten geographically elected council members and a mayor elected at large.
The Circuit of the Americas (COTA), a motor racing facility, opened in Austin in 2012 and hosts the Formula One United States Grand Prix.
After cancellations in previous years, the Trail of Lights was reinstated for the 2012 holiday season.
In 2012, Austin made significant changes to its City Council elections. The elections were moved from May to November, and staggered term limits were introduced for council members.
In 2012, Austin demonstrated its commitment to environmentalism by becoming one of the few Texas cities to ban plastic bags.
In 2013, Austin had the highest number of views per capita on Reddit, making it the most active city on the platform.
On January 24, 2014, Austin, Texas received 0.04 inches (1 mm) of ice, resulting in 278 vehicular collisions.
November 2014 marked the first election held under Austin's new "10+1" city council system, which had been approved by voters two years prior.
The Ann and Roy Butler Hike and Bike Trail loop, a 10.1-mile trail around Lady Bird Lake, was completed in 2014 with the addition of the 1-mile Boardwalk project.
The Austin Aces, a World TeamTennis team, began their first season in 2014.
Despite previous attempts, a subsequent proposal for a light rail system in Austin was once again met with resistance from voters and was defeated in 2014.
A 2014 University of Texas study highlighted a unique demographic trend in Austin: it was the only fast-growing US city between 2000 and 2010 to see a net loss in its African American population, despite growth in other ethnic groups.
A 2014 Gallup survey estimated that 5.3% of residents in the Austin metropolitan area identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender, placing it among the highest rates in the nation.
By 2015, downtown Austin's residential population had experienced significant growth, surging from an estimated 5,000 in 2005 to 12,000.
In 2015, Austin exhibited a lower-than-average percentage of households without a car, at 6.9%, which decreased slightly to 6% in 2016.
In 2015, Austin experienced a drop in both violent and property crime rates, according to FBI statistics. However, suburban areas around the city witnessed an increase in crime during the same period.
In 2015, Mount Bonnell, already a recognized Texas landmark, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
The 2015-2019 Census estimates highlighted Austin's high education levels, with 51.7% of residents aged 25 and above holding at least a bachelor's degree.
The Austin Aces World TeamTennis team left Austin after the 2015 season.
On May 9, 2016, ride-sharing companies Uber and Lyft voluntarily ceased operations in Austin due to a city ordinance requiring fingerprint checks for drivers, vehicle labeling, and restrictions on pick-up and drop-off locations.
As of December 2016, Austin's downtown core was experiencing a surge in vertical development, with 31 high-rise projects either underway, approved, or planned for completion between 2017 and 2020, significantly transforming the city's skyline.
In 2016, a survey revealed that 23% of Americans identified as Catholic nationwide. During the same period, about 25.2% of Austin's population, identified as Christian, claimed affiliation with the Catholic Church.
Recognizing its solar-friendly policies, Austin received the SolSmart Gold designation in 2016, a first for a city in Texas.
The "Lone Star Rail" project, a proposed regional passenger rail line intended to connect Austin and San Antonio, was terminated in 2016. The project's demise stemmed from an inability to secure an agreement with Union Pacific Railroad, the owner of the existing railway tracks.
The American Community Survey in 2016 provided insights into Austin's commuting patterns. The survey estimated that 73.5% of commuters in Austin drove alone, while 9.6% opted for carpooling. Public transportation accounted for 3.6% of commutes, walking for 2%, and cycling for 1.5%.
In 2016, Austin was home to 1,256 food trucks, making it the city with the second-largest number of food trucks per capita in the United States.
In 2016, crime rates continued to climb in Austin's suburbs, including a spike in homicides in the Del Valle area. The city itself saw an increase in homicides, reaching the highest number since 1997.
The Central Library, a key part of the redevelopment of the former Seaholm Power Plant site and the Shoal Creek Walk, opened on October 28, 2017.
In 2017, Precourt Sports Ventures, then-owners of the Columbus Crew SC, put forward a plan to relocate the franchise to Austin. This sparked negotiations with the city for a new stadium.
In the summer of 2017, Uber and Lyft resumed service in Austin after a period of ceasing operations due to disagreements with city regulations.
Numerous high-rise projects in downtown Austin were slated for completion between 2017 and 2020, reflecting a period of substantial urban development.
In March 2018, ride-sharing company Fasten ceased all operations in Austin.
In March 2018, a series of bombings terrorized Austin for 20 days. Five package bombs exploded throughout the city, resulting in the deaths of two individuals and injuries to five others. The suspect, identified as 23-year-old Mark Anthony Conditt, died by suicide in his vehicle when confronted by police, injuring an officer in the process.
On May 1, 2018, Austin completed the development of its "dockless mobility" permitting process, allowing for the regulated operation of electric scooters and bikes from companies like Lime and Bird. The city had previously banned these services due to their initial operation without a permitting system.
The City of Austin issued a citywide boil-water advisory on October 29, 2018 after unprecedented amounts of runoff into the Highland Lakes overwhelmed the city's water processing capabilities.
Upon its topping out in 2018, The Independent, a 58-story condominium tower standing at 690 feet (210 meters) tall, earned the distinction of being the tallest all-residential building west of Chicago in the United States.
In 2018, Time magazine included the Austin Central Library on its list of "World's Greatest Places."
Season 4 of the AMC show "Fear the Walking Dead" was filmed in various locations around Austin in 2018.
In 2018, companies in the Austin metro area attracted a substantial $1.33 billion in venture capital investment. This investment accounted for over 60% of the total venture capital invested in Texas, signifying Austin's dominance in attracting investment within the state.
In 2018, as part of the agreement to establish Austin FC, the operational rights of the Columbus Crew SC were sold to a new ownership group. This marked a key step toward the creation of Austin's MLS team.
In 2018, Lime began offering dockless bikes in Austin, providing an alternative to the city's existing docked bike-sharing system.
By 2018, Austin's life sciences sector experienced significant growth, leading CBRE Group to rank it as the #3 emerging life sciences cluster. This ranking demonstrates the city's rapid progress in this field.
Austin's plastic bag ban, enacted in 2012, was overturned in 2018 due to a court ruling that found statewide bag bans to be in violation of the Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act.
The HOPE Outdoor Gallery, a public street art project on Baylor Street in Austin, closed to the public in early January 2019.
On January 15, 2019, Austin FC was officially announced as the 27th franchise in Major League Soccer (MLS). This followed the acquisition of Columbus Crew SC's operational rights and an agreement with the City of Austin for a new stadium.
Despite its closure, the HOPE Outdoor Gallery on Baylor Street in Austin remained intact behind a fence in mid-March 2019.
In June 2019, the Austin City Council decided to lift a 25-year-old ban on camping, sitting, or lying down in public spaces, unless it caused an obstruction. This decision followed a federal court ruling in the Martin v. Boise case regarding homelessness and sleeping in public. Additionally, the resolution included the approval of a new housing-focused shelter in South Austin.
In September 2019, the Austin City Council demonstrated its commitment to tackling homelessness by approving $62.7 million for various initiatives. The funds were directed towards programs focused on preventing housing displacement, mitigating crises, providing affordable housing, and allocating $500,000 for crisis services and encampment cleanups.
In early October 2019, Texas Governor Greg Abbott expressed his opposition to Austin's decision to lift the camping ban. He sent a letter to Mayor Steve Adler, threatening to deploy state resources to counter the city's action.
On October 17, 2019, the Austin City Council made revisions to the camping ordinance in response to concerns and legal challenges. The revised ordinance aimed to address the issue of public camping while considering the rights of individuals experiencing homelessness.
In November 2019, the State of Texas took action to address homelessness in Austin by establishing a temporary encampment. The encampment was set up on a former vehicle storage yard owned by the Texas Department of Transportation.
The 2015-2019 Census estimates highlighted Austin's high education levels, with 19.4% of residents aged 25 and above holding a graduate or professional degree.
In 2019, carsharing service Car2Go pulled out of Austin, although it maintained its North American headquarters in the city.
In 2019, Austin was recognized by the FBI as one of the safest large cities in the United States. The city ranked 11th on a list of 22 cities with populations exceeding 400,000.
Drinks publication VinePair named Austin as the "top beer destination in the world" in 2019, recognizing its thriving craft beer scene with over 50 microbreweries in the metro area.
By 2019, the median value of an owner-occupied home in Austin soared to $318,400, exceeding the national average of $240,500, indicating a robust housing market.
In mid-2019, TomTom, a navigation and mapping company, ranked Austin as having the most severe traffic congestion in Texas. Nationally, Austin ranked 19th, and globally, it secured the 179th position for traffic congestion.
The 2020 US Census revealed a significant increase in Austin's population, reaching 961,855, highlighting the city's substantial growth over two decades.
The 2020 census reported Austin's population at 961,855, reflecting the city's ongoing growth.
The 2020 United States census highlighted the changing demographics of Austin, with the White population at 72.6%, Hispanic or Latino at 33.9%, African American at 7.8%, and Asian at 7.6%.
In 2020, the bike-sharing service Austin BCycle was renamed to CapMetro Bike.
Numerous high-rise projects in downtown Austin were slated for completion between 2017 and 2020, reflecting a period of substantial urban development.
In a significant shift, Austin voters overwhelmingly endorsed Project Connect, a comprehensive $10 billion transit expansion plan, in 2020. This ambitious plan encompasses various projects, including the introduction of two new light rail lines, an additional bus rapid transit line (with potential future conversion to light rail), a second commuter rail line, multiple new MetroRapid lines, expanded MetroExpress routes, and enhancements to infrastructure, technology, and service offerings.
In 2020, the City of Austin was targeted in a cyberattack attributed to the Russian hacking group known as Berserk Bear. The attack was suspected to be linked to a larger U.S. federal government data breach that had occurred earlier in the year.
Winter Storm Uri dropped prolific amounts of snow across Texas and Oklahoma in February 2021, with the Austin area receiving 6.4 inches of snow that persisted for over a week.
On April 18, 2021, a tragic triple homicide occurred at the Arboretum Oaks Apartments in Austin. A former Travis County Sheriff's Office detective shot and killed his ex-wife, his adopted daughter, and his daughter's boyfriend before being apprehended after a 20-hour manhunt. The suspect had a prior history of legal trouble, including charges of child sexual assault.
In May 2021, voters in Austin decided to reinstate a ban on public camping, including in downtown green spaces, trails, and greenbelts like Barton Creek.
In May 2021, a ballot proposition to reinstate a ban on camping in certain public areas of Austin, Texas, was approved by 57% of voters. The ban prohibits camping, sitting, or lying down on sidewalks, and sleeping outdoors in specified areas, primarily targeting the downtown area and the University of Texas campus. It also includes restrictions on solicitation in these zones.
In the early hours of June 12, 2021, a mass shooting on Austin's bustling Sixth Street resulted in the death of one person and injuries to 14 others. The deceased victim was believed to be an innocent bystander caught in the crossfire. The suspect, 19-year-old De'ondre "Dre" White, was apprehended and charged with the crime.
Birdie's, a counter-service restaurant and wine bar, opened in Austin in 2021.
In 2021, Austin FC began its inaugural season in MLS, marking the city's official entry into the league.
Austin FC joined Major League Soccer (MLS) in 2021, making Austin no longer the most populous U.S. city without a major-league professional sports team.
A significant milestone for Austin's sporting landscape, 2021 saw the city welcome Austin FC, its first and only major professional sports team, into Major League Soccer.
In 2022, Proposition D was passed, aligning the term of the Austin Mayor with presidential election years. This affected Kirk Watson's term, shortening it to two years unlike his predecessor Steve Adler.
In 2022, the Greater Austin metropolitan statistical area achieved a gross domestic product (GDP) of $222 billion. This achievement highlights Austin's standing as a prominent technology center. The city's robust tech industry is largely attributed to the steady influx of graduates from the engineering and computer science departments of the University of Texas at Austin, who contribute significantly to the local workforce.
On January 6, 2023, Kirk Watson assumed the office of Mayor of Austin for a second non-consecutive term.
Starting on January 30, 2023, a winter freeze in Austin, Texas left 170,000 Austin Energy customers without power or heat for several days, leading to public frustration over the slow pace of repairs and lack of communication from city officials.
Austin City Manager Spencer Cronk was fired by the city council on February 16, 2023 due to his handling of the city's response to the January 2023 winter storm.
As of July 1, 2023, the Austin-Round Rock metropolitan statistical area had an estimated population of 2,473,275.
As of November 2, 2023, Austin became the biggest US city to abolish the requirement for parking minimums to encourage alternative transportation methods, lower housing costs, and increase housing density.
In response to rising home prices, December 2023 saw the Austin City Council decide to ease the city's zoning regulations. These changes permitted the by-right development of triplexes on individual lots and relaxed restrictions on tiny homes.
In 2023, Birdie's was recognized as Food & Wine's Restaurant of the Year.
In 2024, Austin had an estimated population of 984,567, marking an increase from previous years.
In a disturbing incident in 2024, a 23-year-old Palestinian-American man, Zacharia Doar, was attacked and stabbed in the chest in Austin's West Campus area. The attack took place as he was returning from a rally in support of Palestinian human rights. The assailant, identified as 36-year-old Bert James Baker, was immediately apprehended and charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.
Austin is scheduled to host the BLAST.TV Austin Major, a major Counter-Strike esports tournament, in 2025.