Dallas, located in North Texas, is a major city with a population exceeding 1.3 million. As the most populous city within the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, it contributes to the metro area's ranking as the fourth largest in the United States. Notably, Dallas represents the central hub of the largest metropolitan region in the Southern US and holds the distinction of being the biggest inland metropolitan area in the country without a direct waterway connection to the sea.
By 1900, fueled by technological advancements and its strategic location, Dallas transformed into the world's largest inland cotton market. The city's dominance in cotton extended to the manufacturing of cotton gin machinery.
The Dallas Public Library system was founded in 1901, spearheaded by May Dickson Exall, president of the Dallas Federation of Women's Clubs, with a grant from Andrew Carnegie.
Oak Cliff, a historic area located southwest of Downtown Dallas, was once an independent city. However, in 1903, it was annexed by the city of Dallas. Established in the mid-1800s, Oak Cliff is among the oldest sections of Dallas. The hilly terrain of North Oak Cliff contains five out of Dallas's thirteen conservation districts, including the architecturally noteworthy Kessler Park neighborhood and the fashionable Bishop Arts District.
On July 4, 1906, Lake Cliff Park, dubbed as "the Southwest's Greatest Playground," officially opened to the public, featuring an amusement park, a large pool, waterslides, the world's largest skating rink, and three theaters.
The Dallas Firefighter's Museum, operated by the Dallas Fire-Rescue Department, opened in 1907 near Fair Park.
By the end of the 19th century, Dallas experienced significant growth as a business and trading hub due to the construction of railroads. This growth led to the development of industrial activities, attracting workers from across Texas and beyond. In 1909, the Praetorian Building, one of the first skyscrapers west of the Mississippi River, was erected in Dallas, standing as the tallest building in Texas for a period and symbolizing the city's burgeoning prominence.
In 1910, a horrific incident of racial violence took place in Dallas. Allen Brooks, a black man, was falsely accused of assaulting a young girl. A white mob formed, and Brooks was brutally tortured and lynched at a downtown intersection. Tragically, thousands of Dallas residents witnessed the event, some even taking photos and souvenirs, highlighting the deep-seated racism of the time.
Turtle Creek Parkway, a 23.7-acre linear park situated between Turtle Creek and Turtle Creek Boulevard, was built in 1913.
In recognition of its burgeoning economic influence in the Southern United States, Dallas was selected as the seat of the Eleventh Federal Reserve District in 1914.
The WRR-AM radio station, the oldest commercially operated station in Texas and second oldest in the U.S., was licensed in 1921.
Mexican President Álvaro Obregón, alongside a former revolutionary general, paid a visit to Dallas's Little Mexico neighborhood in 1921. Their destination was Mexican Park, situated at the intersection of Akard and Caruth Street. Little Mexico, at the time, was a small community that had become home to a Latin American population drawn to Dallas for various reasons, including the pursuit of the American Dream, improved living conditions, and refuge from the Mexican Revolution.
By 1925, Texas emerged as a cotton powerhouse, producing over a third of the nation's cotton crop. Impressively, 31% of this output came from within a 100-mile radius of Dallas, solidifying the city's central role in the cotton industry.
On January 18, 1930, Dallas experienced its coldest day on record, with temperatures plummeting to -3 °F (-19 °C). This extreme cold highlights the city's vulnerability to occasional Arctic blasts despite its generally mild winters.
In 1930, Dallas's population was 82.8% non-Hispanic White, a stark contrast to its more diverse population in later decades.
Dallas, already a hub for retail, welcomed its second-ever shopping center, Highland Park Village, in 1931. This landmark addition cemented the city's reputation as a shopping destination.
In 1935, the city of Dallas acquired 36 acres of land from John Cole's estate to create Reverchon Park.
Fair Park, home to the State Fair of Texas and the largest collection of Art Deco exhibit buildings, art, and sculptures in the world, was built in 1936 for the Texas Centennial Exposition world's fair.
The baseball diamond at Reverchon Park hosted an exhibition game in 1953, featuring the New York Giants and the Cleveland Indians.
Following a polio scare, Dallas's first municipal pool, located at Lake Cliff Park, was demolished in 1959.
The Dallas Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1960.
On November 22, 1963, the world witnessed a tragedy as President John F. Kennedy was assassinated while his motorcade traversed Dealey Plaza in Downtown Dallas. The assassination occurred as the motorcade passed the Texas School Book Depository, from where Lee Harvey Oswald, the reported assassin according to the Warren Commission, fired the fatal shots. President Kennedy was pronounced dead at Dallas Parkland Memorial Hospital shortly after the shooting. Today, the upper levels of the building from which the shots were fired have been transformed into a historical museum dedicated to President Kennedy's life and legacy.
President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, shot from the Texas School Book Depository, according to the Warren Commission Report.
The Dallas Tornado joined the North American Soccer League in 1968.
Anita N. Martínez made history in 1969 by becoming the first Latin American to serve as a councilwoman on Dallas's city council.
The Frozen margarita machine was invented in 1971 by Dallas restaurateur Mariano Martinez, becoming a staple in the city's culinary scene.
The Texas Rangers relocated from Washington D.C. to Arlington, Texas, in 1972.
During the summer of 1980, Dallas experienced an intense heat wave, setting a record-breaking temperature. On June 26 and 27, 1980, the temperature at the nearby Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport soared to 113 °F (45 °C), marking the highest temperature ever recorded in the city.
The Dallas Mavericks joined the NBA as an expansion team in 1980.
The Dallas Tornado ceased operations in 1981, marking the end of their time in the North American Soccer League.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, recognizing the growing Latter Day Saint community in Dallas, constructed the Dallas Texas Temple in 1984. This temple, the first of its kind in Texas, marked a significant milestone for the organization's presence in the state.
The original Dallas Sidekicks indoor soccer team was founded in 1984.
On December 8, 1991, Belo Corporation purchased its main competitor, the Dallas Times Herald (established in 1888), and promptly closed the newspaper the following day.
The Dallas Stars relocated from Minnesota in 1993, formerly known as the Minnesota North Stars.
In 1996, the Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) began operating the first light rail system in Texas.
FC Dallas secured their first Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup victory in 1997.
FC Dallas won their first Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup in 1997.
The Dallas Stars had a successful year in 1998, winning the Presidents' Trophy as the top regular season team and the Western Conference Championship.
The Dallas Magpies, an Australian rules football team, were founded in 1998.
The Dallas Stars won the Stanley Cup in 1999.
The winter of 1999-2000 was remarkably mild in Dallas, setting a record for the fewest freezing nights. With only 14 nights dropping below freezing, this winter demonstrated the city's tendency towards mild winters with relatively few periods of extreme cold.
The winter of 1999-2000 was remarkably mild in Dallas, setting a record for the fewest freezing nights. With only 14 nights dropping below freezing, this winter demonstrated the city's tendency towards mild winters with relatively few periods of extreme cold.
Dallas has seen a steady increase in its budget due to sustained growth. For example, the city's budget in 2002-2003 was $1.7 billion.
As of 2003, the Dallas Independent School District (DISD), the 12th largest school district in the U.S. and second largest in Texas, had a majority of K-12 students in Dallas.
Dallas has seen a steady increase in its budget due to sustained growth. For example, the city's budget in 2003-2004 was $1.9 billion.
In 2003, Univision acquired the Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation (HBC), the largest company in the Spanish-language radio station business at the time. Though renamed Univision Radio Inc., the company is still headquartered in Dallas.
This year marks the beginning of the period for which income data was collected, culminating in 2007.
In 2004, Lupe Valdez, an open lesbian, made history by being elected as Dallas County Sheriff, becoming the only female sheriff in Texas at the time. That same year, in the U.S. presidential election, 57% of Dallas voters supported John Kerry over George W. Bush.
The original Dallas Sidekicks indoor soccer team ceased operations in 2004.
Dallas has seen a steady increase in its budget due to sustained growth. For example, the city's budget in 2004-2005 was $2.0 billion.
In September 2005, Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban bought land on Lamar Street near Cedars Station, leading to speculation about the development of an entertainment complex.
Dallas has seen a steady increase in its budget due to sustained growth. For example, the city's budget in 2005-2006 was $2.2 billion.
The Wilmer-Hutchins Independent School District (WHISD), which served parts of southern Dallas, was closed in 2005-2006.
Thom Mayne and his firm Morphosis Architects were awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2005.
Toyota Stadium, formerly known as FC Dallas Stadium and Pizza Hut Park, opened in 2005.
The Good-Latimer tunnel, a prominent display of Dallas's street art, was demolished in late 2006 to make way for the construction of a light rail line.
Dallas has seen a steady increase in its budget due to sustained growth. For example, the city's budget in 2005-2006 was $2.2 billion.
Following its closure, the Texas Education Agency merged WHISD into Dallas ISD in the 2005-2006 school year.
In 2007, financial institution Comerica made a strategic decision to relocate its national headquarters from Detroit to Downtown Dallas, signifying the city's increasing prominence in the financial sector.
The 2003-2007 survey showed a median income for male full-time workers in Dallas of $32,265 and $32,402 for females. The median house price was $129,600.
AT&T, the world's largest telecommunications company, chose Downtown Dallas as the location for its headquarters in 2008, further bolstering Dallas' status as a major business center.
As part of the Trinity River Project, the Trinity River Audubon Center, a LEED-certified building, opened in 2008 as a gateway to trails and other nature-related activities in the Great Trinity Forest.
Lupe Valdez secured re-election as Dallas County Sheriff in 2008, winning by a 10-point margin. That same year, in the presidential election, Barack Obama received 57% of the votes in Dallas County.
In August 2009, the Regional Transportation Council agreed to seek $96 million in federal stimulus funds for a trolley project in Dallas and Fort Worth. The project's goal was a streetcar line to connect Union Station and the Dallas Convention Center to various locations, including Oak Cliff, Methodist Medical Center, and the Bishop Arts District.
In 2009, Dallas earned a spot among the world's wealthiest cities, ranking sixth globally for its concentration of billionaires.
In 2009, statistics showed that 78.5% of Dallas commuters drove to work alone. The remaining commuters were accounted for by carpooling (10.7%), public transit (3.9%), walking (1.9%), and cycling (.1%).
The Allen Americans, a professional ice hockey team, were founded in 2009 as part of the Central Hockey League (CHL).
The Dallas Cowboys moved to their new 80,000-seat stadium in Arlington in 2009.
The Meadows Museum at Southern Methodist University partnered with Madrid's Prado Museum in 2009 for a three-year collaboration focused on Spanish visual art.
Until 2009, the college Cotton Bowl Classic football game was played at the Cotton Bowl. After 2009, the event was moved to AT&T Stadium.
On February 11, 2010, Dallas experienced a record snowfall of 11.2 inches, the highest ever recorded in the city's history.
In February 2010, Dallas received a $23 million TIGER grant toward the $58 million Dallas Streetcar Project.
On December 6, 2010, the DART Orange Line opened its first stage, extending west from Bachman Station to Belt Line Station in Irving.
The 2010 U.S. census showed a more diverse Dallas, with 50.7% of the population identifying as White and 42.4% as Hispanic or Latino American.
The Texas Rangers won their first American League pennant in 2010.
The 2010 United States Census marked a point of comparison for population growth in Dallas.
Data from the 2010 census showed 33.7% of Dallas households had children under 18, and the median age was 31.8 years.
Between 2010 and 2020, Dallas experienced significant growth in its Black and African American population, second only to Atlanta.
According to Forbes magazine's annual list of "The Richest People in America" published on September 21, 2011, Dallas was home to 17 billionaires, marking an increase from the 14 billionaires reported in 2009.
In 2011, Walk Score, a website that ranks neighborhoods and cities on their walkability, ranked Dallas 23rd out of the 50 largest U.S. cities.
The Dallas Mavericks won their first NBA Championship in 2011, led by Dirk Nowitzki.
The Dallas Mavericks, led by Dirk Nowitzki, won their first NBA Championship in 2011.
The Texas Rangers won their second American League pennant in 2011.
WFAA's New Year's Eve celebration at AT&T Plaza in Victory Park in 2011 saw a record attendance of 32,000 people.
As of November 6, 2012, the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex had an estimated 70,000 Russian-speakers, largely immigrants from the former Soviet Bloc.
Barack Obama continued to enjoy strong support in Dallas County during the 2012 presidential election, receiving 57% of the votes.
In 2012, the Plano-Richardson area, close to Dallas, was estimated to have around 30,000 Iranian Americans.
The Allen Americans clinched their first CHL Championship in the 2012-2013 season.
The Dallas Sidekicks, a professional indoor soccer team, were re-established in Allen, Texas, in 2012.
In December 2013, the U.S. Census Bureau released data showing 23% of Dallas County residents and 16% of Tarrant County residents were foreign-born.
The Allen Americans secured their second consecutive CHL Championship in the 2013-2014 season.
By 2013, Dallas expanded its park and recreation facilities to include 47 community and neighborhood recreation centers, a network of trails, numerous sports fields, swimming pools, playgrounds, and other amenities.
In August 2014, the final phase of the DART Orange Line opened, connecting DFW Airport to the line and providing rail service to the airport via a Skylink connection.
The Los Angeles-class submarine USS Dallas was decommissioned in September 2014, with plans to turn it into a museum ship near the Trinity River, though the project faced delays.
A 2014 study by the Pew Research Center found that Christianity was the most practiced religion in Dallas, with a strong Protestant presence.
In 2014, Dallas hosted the Final Four of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament at AT&T Stadium.
The Allen Americans continued their winning streak, securing the ECHL Championship in the 2014-2015 season.
The Pew Research Center's 2014 study highlighted the significant influence of evangelical Protestantism in Dallas, with Baptists constituting the largest group within this denomination.
The price of oil began a sudden descent in mid-2014.
Despite a continued fall in oil prices throughout 2015, Dallas and its surrounding metro area remained largely unaffected due to a highly diversified economy. The region continued to experience strong growth in housing, leasing (apartment, office, shopping center, warehouse, and industrial space), and overall job growth. This resilience was further strengthened by major corporate headquarters relocations to the Dallas area, including Toyota's decision to move its North American headquarters from California, and expansions of regional offices by other corporations.
In 2015, 10.2 percent of Dallas households did not own a car.
In 2015, the American Community Survey estimated that 75.4% of Dallas commuters drove to work alone. Other commuting methods included carpooling (12.8%), public transit (3.5%), walking (1.9%), and cycling (.2%).
The Allen Americans made it four championships in a row by winning the ECHL Championship again in the 2015-2016 season.
The Dallas-Fort Worth real estate market thrived in 2015, leading the nation in apartment construction and net leasing. This boom was accompanied by record-high rent prices and strong growth in single-family home sales and price appreciation.
On July 7, 2016, tragedy struck a Black Lives Matter demonstration in Downtown Dallas, organized to protest the police killings of two black men in other states. A gunman, identified as Micah Xavier Johnson, opened fire on police officers, resulting in the deaths of five officers and injuries to nine others. Two civilians were also injured during the incident. This event stands as the deadliest day for U.S. law enforcement since the September 11 attacks. Johnson expressed his anger over recent police shootings of black men during a standoff with police, stating his desire to harm whites, particularly white officers. After failed negotiations, police deployed a robot-delivered bomb, ultimately killing Johnson inside Dallas College El Centro Campus. The shooting occurred within a bustling area of hotels, restaurants, businesses, and residential apartments, situated a short distance from Dealey Plaza.
In October 2016, global engineering giant Jacobs Engineering made a significant move, relocating its headquarters from Pasadena, California to Downtown Dallas.
The number of car-free households in Dallas decreased to 9.1 percent in 2016, compared to the national average of 8.7 percent.
The Dallas Wings relocated to the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex from Tulsa in 2016.
In the 2016 presidential election, 67% of Dallas voters, excluding write-ins, supported Hillary Clinton, demonstrating the city's Democratic stronghold.
FC Dallas won their second Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup in 2016.
FC Dallas had a successful year in 2016, winning both the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup and the Supporters' Shield.
By 2016, Plano, a suburb of Dallas, had the 6th largest Chinese American population among large U.S. cities.
AT&T's prominence in the American economy was evident in 2017 when it was ranked the ninth largest company in the nation by revenue.
In the 2017-2018 fiscal year, the city of Dallas had a total budget of $3.3 billion, a significant increase from previous years, reflecting the city's sustained growth.
The 2017 American Community Survey provided detailed estimates of racial and ethnic demographics in Dallas, noting a decline in the Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander population.
The 2018 census estimates indicated that 25.4% of Dallas's foreign-born population were naturalized citizens, while 74.6% were non-citizens.
In the 2017-2018 fiscal year, the city of Dallas had a total budget of $3.3 billion, a significant increase from previous years, reflecting the city's sustained growth.
In 2018, 40.2% of housing in Dallas was owner-occupied, while 59.8% was renter-occupied.
An audit released in January 2019 brought into question the efficacy of VisitDallas, the organization responsible for promoting tourism and conventions in the city. The audit raised doubts about the organization's ability to meet its stated goals.
In November 2019, consultants presented a master plan to the public to revitalize the Fair Park area in Dallas.
In 2019, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that 29.1% of Dallas's population was non-Hispanic White, 24.3% Black or African American, and 41.2% Hispanic or Latino American.
The Public Religion Research Institute's 2020 study reaffirmed the dominance of Christianity in Dallas, with a prevalence of Protestant denominations.
The Dallas Jackals were announced as a new franchise in Major League Rugby in 2020.
The 2020 United States Census recorded Dallas's population at 1,304,379, an increase from the 2010 census.
In the 2020 presidential election, over 69% of Dallas voters supported Joe Biden, highlighting the city's tendency to favor Democratic candidates.
In 2020, Dallas had 524,498 households with an average size of 2.52. The median age was 32.9 years.
In 2020, the median household income in Dallas was $54,747, and the median house price was $252,300.
CBRE, a global leader in commercial real estate services, decided to relocate its headquarters from Los Angeles to Dallas in 2020, signifying the city's growing appeal to major corporations.
By 2020, Hispanic or Latino Americans remained the largest ethnic group in Dallas, mirroring national demographic patterns.
By 2020, Dallas had witnessed a significant influx of Black and African Americans, contributing to its growing diversity.
In 2020, Dallas experienced a significant increase in its murder rate, reaching a 20-year high of 251 murders. This surge in crime was attributed to the growing presence of gangs in the city.
The February 2021 North American winter storm had a significant impact on the vegetation in Dallas. Many cold-sensitive plants, including Washingtonia filifera and Washingtonia robusta palms, which had thrived due to milder winters in recent years, were killed off during this extreme weather event. This highlighted the potential vulnerability of introducing less hardy plant species to the region.
During the February 2021 North American winter storm, Dallas experienced another extreme weather event. On February 16, 2021, the temperature at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport dropped to a frigid -2 °F (-19 °C), showcasing the region's susceptibility to occasional, severe winter weather events.
McKesson, the nation's largest pharmaceutical distributor headquartered in Irving, Texas, secured the seventh position on the 2021 Fortune 500 list, highlighting its significant role in the healthcare industry.
The U.S. Census Bureau estimated that on July 1, 2022, the city of Dallas had a population of 1,299,544, a decrease from the 2020 census.
Dallas' murder rate decreased to 214 in 2022, a notable drop from the 20-year high recorded in 2020.
The 2022 Point-In-Time Homeless Count identified 4,410 homeless individuals in Dallas, with approximately one-third found on the streets or in places not intended for habitation.
In 2022, Dallas solidified its position as a major corporate hub. Fortune Magazine's annual Fortune 500 list placed 11 companies within Dallas itself, with a total of 23 companies across the entire Dallas-Fort Worth region. This concentration ranked Dallas-Fort Worth as the fourth largest in the United States, only surpassed by Houston, Chicago, and New York.
After a decrease in 2022, Dallas' murder rate rose again in 2023, reaching 246. Crime reduction remained a top priority for city leaders.
In 2023, Eric Johnson switched political parties to Republican after winning re-election, making Dallas the largest city in the United States with a Republican mayor.
The Texas Rangers won their first World Series title in 2023.
The Texas Rangers won their third American League pennant and the World Series in 2023.
The AT&T Stadium in Arlington is set to host the most matches during the 2026 FIFA World Cup.