Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a North American country with an area of 1,972,550 km2, making it the world's 13th largest. Its population exceeds 130 million, ranking it the 10th most populous globally and boasting the highest number of Spanish speakers. A constitutional republic, Mexico comprises 31 states and Mexico City, its capital and largest metropolis. Bordering the United States to the north, Guatemala and Belize to the southeast, it also has extensive coastlines along the Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico.
1900: Population of Mexico in 1900
In 1900, the population of Mexico was just over 13 million.
1910: Start of the Mexican Revolution
Around 1910, the Mexican Revolution began, significantly impacting population growth.
1910: Mexican Revolution Starts
The Mexican Revolution began in 1910 with uprisings against President Díaz following a fraudulent election.
1910: Beginning of the Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution began in 1910, a period during which corridos, a traditional Mexican music genre, became particularly popular.
1910: Mexican Revolution Begins
The Mexican Revolution started in 1910, sparked by opposition to Porfirio Díaz's long rule and the fraudulent 1910 election.
1910: UNAM Establishment
The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) was officially established in 1910.
1910: Centennial of Independence and Start of Revolution
The centennial celebration of Mexican Independence in 1910 marked the end of the Porfiriato and the beginning of the Mexican Revolution.
May 1911: Díaz Resigns
Porfirio Díaz resigned from the presidency in May 1911 after the fraudulent 1910 election.
1911: Díaz Resigns, Madero Elected
In 1911, Porfirio Díaz resigned from power, leading to the interim presidency and subsequent election of Francisco I. Madero.
1911: End of the Porfirian Era
The Porfirian era, a period of relative peace in Mexico, concluded in 1911 after lasting from 1876. This period saw significant developments in philosophy and art, often with government support.
February 1913: Madero Overthrown and Murdered
In February 1913, a military coup overthrew Francisco I. Madero's government, leading to his assassination.
March 1913: Wilson's Presidency and US Policy Shift
Woodrow Wilson's inauguration as US president in March 1913 led to a shift in US policy towards Mexico, refusing to recognize Victoriano Huerta's regime.
1914: Huerta Defeated
In 1914, the Constitutional Army and Emiliano Zapata's forces defeated Victoriano Huerta's Federal Army.
1915: Villa's Defeat and US Intervention
Pancho Villa's defeat by Constitutionalist forces in 1915 led to his raid on Columbus, New Mexico, prompting US military intervention.
1916: Mexican Constitutional Convention
In 1916, following the Mexican Revolution, a constitutional convention was held, bringing together the winners of the revolution to draft a new constitution for the nation. This convention led to the creation of the Constitution of 1917.
February 1917: Ratification of the 1917 Mexican Constitution
In February 1917, the 1917 Mexican Constitution, drafted by the victors of the Mexican Revolution, was officially ratified. This constitution introduced significant reforms, including empowering the government to expropriate resources like land, granting labor rights, and reinforcing anticlerical measures from the 1857 Constitution.
1917: Constitution Limits Church Role
The 1917 Mexican Constitution set limits on the Roman Catholic Church's role.
1917: Establishment of the Mexican Constitution
The Mexican Constitution of 1917 established a representative, democratic, and republican government based on a presidential system, with three levels of government: federal, state, and municipal.
1917: Mexican Constitution of 1917
The Mexican Constitution of 1917 was established, incorporating social and economic reforms resulting from the Mexican Revolution.
1917: Zimmermann Telegram
The Zimmermann Telegram, sent by Germany in 1917, attempted to incite war between the US and Mexico, promising Mexico the return of lost territories.
1917: Current Mexican Constitution
The current Mexican constitution, the third federal constitution, was established in 1917.
1917: Enforcement of Anticlerical Articles of the Constitution
In 1917, the anticlerical articles of the Mexican Constitution were strictly enforced by President Calles, leading to a significant conflict with the Catholic Church and the emergence of Catholic guerrilla armies. This period of conflict ultimately resulted in an agreement between the government and the Church.
1919: Assassination of Emiliano Zapata
In 1919, President Carranza ordered the assassination of Emiliano Zapata, a prominent peasant leader during the Mexican Revolution. Despite initially gaining support from the peasantry during the revolution, Carranza's post-revolution policies, including limited land reform and returning confiscated land to original owners, led to disillusionment and conflict.
1920: Overthrow and Death of Carranza; Election of Obregón
In 1920, President Carranza was overthrown and killed while fleeing Mexico City after choosing a civilian successor and facing opposition from revolutionary generals, including Obregón. Following an interim presidency by Adolfo de la Huerta, Álvaro Obregón was elected president, marking a shift in power dynamics.
1920: End of the Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ended around 1920, having caused a population decline.
1920: Beginning of Post-Revolutionary Period
The year 1920 marked the beginning of a significant era in Mexican history, the post-revolutionary period. This period was characterized by the rise of revolutionary generals to the presidency and the implementation of key reforms aimed at stabilizing the country after the Mexican Revolution.
1921: Population Loss After Revolution
The 1921 census revealed a population loss of approximately one million due to the Mexican Revolution.
1924: Calles' Presidency
Plutarco Elías Calles assumed the presidency in 1924, succeeding Obregón. This transfer of power was part of the early post-revolutionary period, which saw several revolutionary generals holding the presidential office.
1925: Publication of "La Raza Cósmica"
José Vasconcelos published "La Raza Cósmica" ("The Cosmic Race") in 1925, defining Mexico and Latin America as a melting pot of all races, both biologically and culturally.
1928: Re-election and Assassination of Obregón
In 1928, Álvaro Obregón, after a constitutional amendment allowing non-consecutive re-election, won the presidential election. However, he was assassinated by a Catholic activist before taking office, creating a political crisis of succession in Mexico.
1929: Integration of Institutes into UNAM (Start)
From 1929, various institutes began to be integrated into UNAM.
1929: Founding of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) was founded in 1929 by Plutarco Elías Calles. This party's establishment was a pivotal moment, as it would go on to dominate Mexican politics for the remainder of the 20th century.
1929: Founding of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), a catch-all party, was founded in Mexico in 1929 to consolidate factions from the Mexican Revolution.
1929: Start of the Maximato
The year 1929 marked the beginning of the Maximato, a period in Mexican history when Plutarco Elías Calles, although not the president, exerted significant political influence. This period ended during the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas, who expelled Calles from the country.
1934: Cárdenas' Presidency
In 1934, Lázaro Cárdenas became president of Mexico. His presidency marked a turning point, as he implemented significant economic and social reforms, including the expulsion of Calles from the country and the nationalization of the oil industry.
1934: End of the Maximato
The Maximato period of Calles's behind-the-scenes political dominance ended in 1934 with Lázaro Cárdenas assuming the presidency. Cárdenas consolidated his power by expelling Calles from the country and pursuing his own reform agenda.
1936: National Polytechnic Institute Founding
The National Polytechnic Institute was founded in Mexico in 1936.
March 1938: Mexican Oil Expropriation
In March 1938, President Cárdenas nationalized the U.S. and Anglo-Dutch oil company, Mexican Eagle Petroleum Company, a move known as the Mexican oil expropriation. This act led to the creation of the state-owned oil company, Pemex.
1939: Founding of the National Action Party (PAN)
The conservative National Action Party (PAN) was established in Mexico in 1939.
1940: Ávila Camacho's Presidency and Improved US-Mexico Relations
Manuel Ávila Camacho began his presidency in 1940. His term was marked by a more moderate approach than his predecessors and a significant improvement in relations between the United States and Mexico, particularly in the context of World War II.
1940: Ávila Camacho's Presidency
Manuel Ávila Camacho's presidency began in 1940. His leadership introduced a more moderate approach compared to his predecessors, and during his term, relations between Mexico and the United States significantly improved, particularly during World War II.
1943: Release of "María Candelaria"
Emilio Fernández's film "María Candelaria" was released in 1943.
1946: Election of Miguel Alemán and Start of the Mexican Miracle
The year 1946 marked a significant turning point with the election of Miguel Alemán, the first civilian president in post-revolutionary Mexico. His election ushered in a period of aggressive economic development known as the "Mexican Miracle," characterized by industrialization, urbanization, and unfortunately, increasing inequality between urban and rural areas.
1946: End of the Revolutionary Generals Era
1946 signified the end of an era in Mexican politics, as it marked the conclusion of the period where revolutionary generals served as presidents. This transition paved the way for civilian leadership and a new phase in Mexico's development.
1946: "María Candelaria" Wins Palme d'Or
"María Candelaria" won a Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1946.
1947: Luis Buñuel's Work in Mexico Begins
Spanish director Luis Buñuel began working in Mexico in 1947.
1947: Discovery of "Barbasco" Tuber
The discovery of the "Barbasco" tuber (Dioscorea composita), rich in diosgenin, occurred in Mexico in 1947, significantly influencing synthetic hormone production and leading to the development of contraceptive pills.
1949: Release of "Los Olvidados"
Luis Buñuel's film "Los Olvidados" was released in 1949.
1950: Population Growth Surge
Between 1950 and 1980, Mexico experienced a rapid population growth rate exceeding 3%.
1952: Founding of Ballet Folklórico de México
The Ballet Folklórico de México, a dance company showcasing traditional Mexican music and dance, was founded in 1952.
1958: Start of Bilingual Radio Broadcasts for Indigenous Education
Bilingual government radio stations broadcasting in Spanish and indigenous languages began as a tool for indigenous education in 1958.
1959: Mexican Academy of Sciences Creation
The Mexican Academy of Sciences was created in 1959 to foster collaboration among academics.
1961: Release of "Viridiana"
Luis Buñuel's film "Viridiana" was released in 1961.
1962: DINA S.A. begins building buses and trucks
DINA S.A., a Mexican automotive company, began manufacturing buses and trucks in 1962.
1965: Beginning of Mass Migration to US
Between 1965 and 2015, over 16 million Mexicans migrated to the United States.
1965: End of Buñuel's Mexican Filmmaking Period
Luis Buñuel concluded a period of filmmaking in Mexico in 1965, during which he created masterpieces like "Los Olvidados" and "Viridiana".
1968: 1968 Summer Olympics and Tlatelolco Massacre
In 1968, Mexico hosted the Summer Olympics, a period marked by significant investment in new infrastructure but also by growing social unrest. Student protests and demonstrations culminated in the tragic Tlatelolco Massacre, where government forces killed hundreds of protesters, casting a dark shadow over the games.
1968: Student Protests and La Onda
In 1968, student protests and the counterculture movement known as La Onda ("the wave") took place in Mexico.
1968: Mexico City Hosts Summer Olympics
Mexico City hosted the XIX Olympic Games in 1968, becoming the first Latin American city to do so.
1968: Treaty of Tlatelolco
Mexico signed the Treaty of Tlatelolco in 1968, committing to the peaceful use of nuclear technology.
1970: Mexico Hosts FIFA World Cup
Mexico hosted the 1970 FIFA World Cup.
1973: Integration of Institutes into UNAM (End)
By 1973, twelve institutes had been integrated into UNAM.
1978: Death of Carlos Chávez
Carlos Chávez, a renowned Mexican composer known for his symphonies with indigenous themes, died in 1978.
1979: Establishment of National Network of Bilingual Radio Stations
The Instituto Nacional Indigenista established a national network of bilingual radio stations in 1979.
1980: Literacy Rate in 1980
The literacy rate in Mexico in 1980 was 82.99%.
1980: Oil Export Dominance
In 1980, oil exports constituted a significant portion (61.6%) of Mexico's total exports.
1980: End of Population Growth Surge
By 1980, Mexico's rapid population growth period ended. It was projected that the population would reach 120 million by 2000.
1980: Luis Barragán Wins Pritzker Prize
Luis Barragán, known for his unique architectural style blending rural vernacular architecture with vibrant colors, won the prestigious Pritzker Prize in 1980.
1982: Population at 70 Million
In 1982, Mexico's population reached 70 million.
1986: Mexico Hosts FIFA World Cup Again
Mexico hosted the 1986 FIFA World Cup for the second time.
1987: Teotihuacan Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site
In 1987, Teotihuacan, known for its ancient pyramid construction, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
December 1988: Salinas's Presidency and Contested Election
Carlos Salinas de Gortari assumed the presidency in December 1988 after a highly contested election against Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, son of former President Lázaro Cárdenas. Allegations of massive electoral fraud and subsequent protests marked the start of Salinas's term.
1989: Founding of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD)
The Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), a left-wing party and successor to a coalition of socialist and liberal parties, was founded in Mexico in 1989.
1990: Privatization of Telmex
In 1990, Telmex, formerly a government monopoly, was privatized.
1990: PRI Described as the "Perfect Dictatorship"
In 1990, the long-ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) was described as the "perfect dictatorship" by author Mario Vargas Llosa, highlighting the party's authoritarian control despite facing increasing challenges to its hegemony.
1992: Release of "Como agua para chocolate"
The film "Como agua para chocolate" was released in 1992.
January 1994: NAFTA and Zapatista Uprising
January 1994 was a pivotal month in Mexico. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect, while simultaneously, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) launched an armed rebellion in Chiapas, drawing global attention to indigenous rights and socioeconomic inequalities.
1994: Mexico Joins OECD
Mexico became a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1994.
1994: NAFTA Signed
Mexico signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, marking a significant shift towards neoliberal economic policies.
1995: Nobel Prize for Mario J. Molina
In 1995, Mexican chemist Mario J. Molina was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on ozone depletion.
1999: Economic Recovery under Zedillo
By 1999, following the peso crisis and subsequent IMF bailout, Mexico experienced a significant economic recovery under President Ernesto Zedillo, with growth peaking at almost 7% due to major macroeconomic reforms.
1999: Release of "Sex, Shame, and Tears"
The film "Sex, Shame, and Tears" was released in 1999.
2000: Projected Population
By 2000, Mexico's population was projected to reach 120 million based on the earlier growth rates.
2000: Decline in Oil Export Dependence
By 2000, the share of oil exports in Mexico's total exports had decreased significantly to 7.3%.
2000: End of PRI Rule; Vicente Fox Elected President
In 2000, after 71 years of uninterrupted rule, the PRI lost the presidential election to Vicente Fox of the National Action Party (PAN), marking a historic transition in Mexican politics.
2000: Violence against journalists and media workers
Since 2000, over 100 journalists and media workers were killed or disappeared in Mexico, with most of these cases remaining unresolved.
2001: Economic slowdown in Mexico
Mexico experienced an economic slowdown in 2001.
2001: Release of "Y tu mamá también"
The film "Y tu mamá también" was released in 2001.
2002: Release of "The Crime of Father Amaro"
The film "The Crime of Father Amaro" was released in 2002.
2002: Start of significant growth in Mexican electronics exports
Between 2002 and 2012, Mexico's electronics exports experienced substantial growth, increasing by 73%.
2002: Deforestation Rates in Mexico
In 2002, Mexico recorded the second-highest rate of deforestation globally, trailing only Brazil.
March 2003: Establishment of National Indigenous Languages Institute
In March 2003, the National Indigenous Languages Institute was established to promote and protect Mexico's indigenous languages.
2003: Anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation enacted
Mexico introduced anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation in 2003.
2004: Mexico's economic recovery
Mexico's economy recovered in 2004, growing by 4.2 percent.
2005: Early Solar Panel Installations
In 2005, there were 115,000 square meters of solar PV panels installed in Mexico.
2005: Mexico's Bid for Gastronomy World Heritage Status
Mexico presented the candidature of its gastronomy for World Heritage Site of UNESCO in 2005. The bid was unsuccessful.
2005: Mexico's economic growth at 3.0 percent
Mexico's economy grew by 3.0 percent in 2005.
2006: Poverty in Mexico
Between 2006 and 2010, the poverty rate in Mexico increased significantly, rising from 18-19% to 46% according to CONEVAL.
2006: Telmex Expansion
By 2006, Telmex expanded its operations to several countries in Latin America and the United States.
2006: Mexico's trade with the US and Canada accounts for 50% of exports and 45% of imports
In 2006, trade with the United States and Canada represented nearly half of Mexico's exports and 45% of its imports.
2006: Mexico's economic growth at 4.8 percent
Mexico's economy experienced growth of 4.8 percent in 2006.
2006: Drug War Escalates
Starting in 2006, an ongoing conflict between drug trafficking syndicates began in Mexico, leading to significant violence and over 127,000 deaths.
2006: Contested Election; Calderón Declared Winner
The 2006 presidential election was a closely contested race. Felipe Calderón of the PAN was declared the winner by a narrow margin, prompting his opponent, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, to contest the results and establish an "alternative government."
2006: Start of Mexico's drug war
The drug war in Mexico began in 2006.
2007: Goldman Sachs Projection
A 2007 Goldman Sachs report projected that Mexico would have the 5th largest economy in the world by 2050.
2007: Increase in missing persons in Mexico
Starting in 2007, when President Calderón initiated efforts against drug cartels, the number of missing persons in Mexico significantly increased.
2008: Remittances from Mexican citizens dip during Great Recession
Remittances from Mexican citizens working in the United States declined during the 2008 Great Recession.
2008: Mexico's Contribution to the United Nations
Mexico contributed over $40 million to the United Nations regular budget in 2008.
2008: Income Disparity Report
A 2008 UN report highlighted the significant income disparity between urban and rural areas in Mexico.
August 2010: Mexico becomes 9th largest holder of US debt
In August 2010, Mexico became the ninth-largest holder of U.S. debt, surpassing France.
November 2010: Mexican Gastronomy Recognized by UNESCO
In November 2010, Mexican gastronomy was recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.
2010: Chile Joins OECD
Chile joined the OECD as a full member in 2010.
2010: CONEVAL's First Poverty Report
In 2010, CONEVAL published its first nationwide report on poverty in Mexico, revealing a substantial increase in the poverty rate.
2010: Immigrant Population in Mexico
Nearly 1 million foreigners resided in Mexico in 2010.
2011: Mexico exports $71.4 billion in electronics to the US
In 2011, Mexico exported $71.4 billion worth of electronics to the United States.
2012: PRI Returns to Power; Peña Nieto Elected
In 2012, the PRI returned to the presidency with the election of Enrique Peña Nieto. However, his victory came with a plurality rather than a majority, and he lacked a legislative majority, presenting challenges for his administration.
2012: Founding of MORENA Party
In 2012, after the elections, Andrés Manuel López Obrador founded the left-wing political party MORENA.
2012: Mexico's electronics exports grow 73% since 2002
By 2012, Mexico's electronics export sector achieved a remarkable 73% growth since 2002.
2013: Telecommunications Reform in Mexico
A major reform of the telecommunications industry occurred in Mexico in 2013, creating new broadcast television channels and allowing the entry of foreign satellite and cable companies.
September 2014: Mass kidnapping of students in Iguala
On September 26, 2014, the mass kidnapping of 43 students in Iguala, Mexico, sparked nationwide protests against the government's handling of the disappearances and the prevailing corruption.
2015: End of Mass Migration Period to US
By 2015, a period of mass Mexican migration to the United States concluded.
September 2016: Kia and Audi open factories in Mexico
In September 2016, Kia Motors inaugurated a $1 billion factory in Nuevo León, Mexico, and Audi opened an assembly plant in Puebla the same year.
2016: Federal District renamed Mexico City
In 2016, the Federal District of Mexico was officially renamed Mexico City, initiating a process towards greater political autonomy.
2017: Tourism Statistics
In 2017, Mexico was the 6th most visited country globally and had the 15th highest tourism income worldwide.
2017: Population Reaches 123.5 Million
In 2017, Mexico's population reached 123.5 million.
December 2018: SEGH-CFE 1 Completion
The SEGH-CFE 1 solar power project in Sonora, Mexico, was completed in December 2018, adding 46.8 MW of capacity to the grid.
2018: Land Use in Mexico
In 2018, an estimated 54.9% of Mexico's land was agricultural, with 11.8% arable, 1.4% in permanent crops, 41.7% permanent pasture, and 33.3% forest.
2018: Minimum Wage Reference
In 2018, the daily minimum wage in Mexico was set at 88.15 pesos.
2018: 2018 Mexican Presidential Election
In 2018, Andrés Manuel López Obrador won the presidential election with a majority vote, leading a diverse political coalition that secured a majority in both houses of Congress.
2018: Poverty Rate Decrease Begins
Between 2018 and 2022, Mexico saw a 5.6% decrease in its poverty rate, according to CONEVAL's Multidimensional Poverty Index.
2018: Literacy Rate in 2018
By 2018, the literacy rate in Mexico had increased to 94.86%.
April 2019: Daniela Soto-Innes Named Best Female Chef
Daniela Soto-Innes was named the best female chef in the world by The World's 50 Best Restaurants in April 2019.
2019: Forest Landscape Integrity Index
In 2019, Mexico's Forest Landscape Integrity Index score was 6.82/10, ranking 63rd out of 172 countries.
2019: Dissolution of the Mexican Federal Police
In 2019, President López Obrador dissolved the Mexican Federal Police and replaced it with the National Guard, composed of units from the Federal Police, Military Police, and Naval Police.
2019: Mexicans Living Abroad
In 2019, an estimated 11.7 million Mexicans lived outside of Mexico, mostly in the U.S.
2019: OECD Poverty Measurement
In 2019, the OECD reported that 20% of Mexico's population lived in poverty, based on its poverty line definition.
2019: Formation of the National Guard
Mexico's National Guard, a gendarmerie force, was created in 2019 from the former Federal Police and military police units.
2019: Villanueva Solar Park Opening
The Villanueva solar park, the largest in the Americas, opened in Coahuila, Mexico, in 2019 with a capacity of 828 MW.
February 2020: First COVID-19 Case in Mexico
The first confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in Mexico in February 2020.
December 2020: Start of COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign
Mexico's COVID-19 vaccination campaign began in December 2020.
2020: Foreign-Born Population in Mexico
By 2020, about 1.2 million foreigners had settled in Mexico.
2020: Life Expectancy Increase
By 2020, life expectancy in Mexico had increased to 75 years, up from 36 years in 1895.
2020: Arrest of Emilio Lozoya
In 2020, Emilio Lozoya Austin, the ex-CEO of Pemex, was arrested as part of an anti-corruption drive targeting government officials and figures linked to state-owned enterprises.
2020: Metropolitan Areas and Urban Population
In 2020, about 53% of Mexico's population resided in its 48 metropolitan areas. Greater Mexico City was the most populous, followed by Greater Monterrey and Greater Guadalajara.
2020: Literacy Rate in 2020
In 2020, the literacy rate in Mexico reached 95.25%, showing a slight increase from 2018 and significant improvement since 1980.
2020: Religion in Mexico Census
The 2020 census collected data on religious affiliation in Mexico.
2020: Religious Demographics
The 2020 census indicated that Roman Catholicism was the dominant religion (77.8%), followed by Protestant/Evangelical denominations (11.2%), and those with no religion (8.1%).
2020: Ethnic Diversity and Census Data
The 2020 census revealed that 6.1% of the Mexican population speaks an Indigenous language and 19.4% identify as indigenous.
2020: Minority Religions
The 2020 census showed a Jewish population of 58,876, a Muslim population of 7,982, and smaller groups practicing spiritualist or ethnic religions.
2020: Demographic Breakdown
According to the 2020 census, Afro-Mexicans comprised 2% of the population, while Asians and Middle Easterners each represented about 1%.
2020: Report on crime in Mexico
A 2020 BBC report highlighted that 10.7 million households in Mexico had experienced at least one crime.
2021: Increase in Immigration
In 2021, Mexico received 68,000 new immigrants, mostly from the United States and Guatemala.
2021: Remittances from Mexican citizens dip again during COVID-19 pandemic
Remittances from Mexican citizens in the U.S. experienced another decline in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic.
May 2022: 100,000 people officially missing in Mexico
As of May 2022, official records indicated 100,000 missing people in Mexico, with the majority of disappearances occurring since 2007 during President Calderón's crackdown on drug cartels.
2022: Population Estimate
Mexico's estimated population in 2022 was 129,150,971 people, according to the National Geography and Statistics Institute.
2022: Mexico as a Tourist Destination
In 2022, Mexico was the sixth most-visited country globally, receiving 42.2 million international arrivals.
2022: National Guard reaches 110,000 personnel
By 2022, the National Guard in Mexico reached a strength of 110,000 personnel. President López Obrador increasingly relied on the military for domestic law enforcement, particularly against drug cartels.
2022: Poverty Rate Update and Healthcare Access Decline
By 2022, Mexico's poverty rate had decreased, but the number of people lacking access to healthcare services rose significantly.
2022: New Oil Refinery Construction
A new oil refinery was built in Mexico in 2022, adding to the country's existing refineries.
2022: Environmental Protection Laws Assessment
A 2022 report indicated improved environmental laws in major Mexican cities but a lack of enforcement or regulation in rural areas.
2023: Elena Reygadas Named Best Female Chef
Elena Reygadas was named the best female chef in the world by The World's 50 Best Restaurants in 2023.
2023: Recent Poverty Trends
In 2023, CONEVAL reported a decrease in Mexico's poverty rate in recent years, while the extreme poverty rate saw a slight increase.
2023: World Bank report on Mexico's GNI
In 2023, the World Bank reported Mexico's gross national income as the second highest in Latin America, following Brazil.
2023: Military Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP
Mexico's military spending was approximately 0.6% of its GDP in 2023.
April 2024: Mexico's GDP reaches $1.848 trillion
As of April 2024, Mexico's nominal GDP stood at $1.848 trillion, ranking 12th globally.
October 2024: Claudia Sheinbaum becomes First Female President
In October 2024, Claudia Sheinbaum was sworn in as Mexico's first female president after winning the election in a landslide.
2024: Size of the Mexican Armed Forces
As of 2024, the Mexican Armed Forces comprised about 220,000 personnel, with 160,000 in the Army, 10,000 in the Air Force, 50,000 in the Navy (including marines), and around 110,000 in the National Guard.
2024: Global Innovation Index Ranking
Mexico was ranked 56th in the Global Innovation Index in 2024.
2024: Projected Minimum Wage Increase
The daily minimum wage in Mexico is projected to be $248.93 pesos (US$13.24) in 2024, a substantial increase from previous years.
2050: Projected Economic Growth
By 2050, Mexico is projected to have the 5th largest economy globally, according to a Goldman Sachs report.
2050: Projection for Mexico's economy
Projections suggest that Mexico could be the world's fifth or seventh-largest economy by 2050.