History of Mexico in Timeline

Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a North American country considered part of Central America by the UN geoscheme. As the northernmost Latin American nation, it borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast. It also has maritime boundaries with the Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. Covering 1,972,550 km2, Mexico is the thirteenth-largest country globally. With over 130 million residents, it is the tenth-most populous country and has the largest number of native Spanish speakers. Its capital and largest city is Mexico City, one of the world's most populous metropolitan areas.

1900: Mexican population

In 1900, the Mexican population was a little more than 13 million.

1910: Mexican Revolution

From 1910–20 Corridos were particularly popular during the Mexican Revolution

1910: Start of the Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution (c. 1910–1920) greatly impacted population growth.

1910: Fraudulent Election

The Mexican Revolution was a decade-long transformational conflict. It began with scattered uprisings against President Díaz after the fraudulent 1910 election.

1910: Establishment of the National Autonomous University of Mexico

The National Autonomous University of Mexico was officially established in 1910, becoming one of the most important institutes of higher learning in Mexico.

May 1911: Resignation of President Díaz

In May 1911, President Díaz resigned, rebel forces demobilized, an interim presidency occurred, and Francisco I. Madero was democratically elected in the fall.

1911: End of the Porfiriato

After the turmoil in Mexico from 1810 to 1876, the 35-year rule of Liberal General Porfirio Díaz (r.1876–1911) allowed Mexico to rapidly modernize in a period characterized as one of "order and progress".

February 1913: Military Coup and Madero's Murder

In February 1913, a military coup d'état overthrew Madero's government, with the support of the U.S., resulting in Madero's murder by agents of Federal Army General Victoriano Huerta.

March 1913: Wilson's Refusal to Recognize Huerta

In March 1913, Democrat Woodrow Wilson was inaugurated as president, Wilson refused to recognize Huerta's regime and allowed arms sales to the Constitutionalists.

1914: Defeat of the Federal Army

In 1914, a coalition of anti-Huerta forces in the North, the Constitutional Army led by Governor of Coahuila Venustiano Carranza, and a peasant army in the South under Emiliano Zapata defeated the Federal Army.

1915: Defeat of Pancho Villa

In 1915, Carranza's best general Alvaro Obregón defeated Villa, his former comrade-in-arms, in the Battle of Celaya, and Villa's northern forces melted away. After Pancho Villa was defeated by revolutionary forces in 1915, he led an incursion raid into Columbus, New Mexico, prompting the U.S. to send 10,000 troops led by General John J. Pershing in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Villa.

1916: Constitutional Convention

In 1916, the winners of the Mexican revolution met at a constitutional convention to draft the Constitution of 1917.

February 1917: Ratification of the Constitution of 1917

The Constitution of 1917 was ratified in February 1917, empowering the government and strengthening anticlerical provisions.

1917: Strict Enforcement of Anticlerical Articles

As president, Calles provoked a major conflict with the Catholic Church and Catholic guerrilla armies when he strictly enforced anticlerical articles of the 1917 Constitution.

1917: German Telegram Incident

In 1917, Germany attempted to get Mexico to side with it, sending a coded telegram to incite war between the U.S. and Mexico, with Mexico to regain the territory it lost in the Mexican-American War, but Mexico remained neutral in the conflict.

1917: Constitution

In 1917, The United Mexican States operates as a federation with a representative, democratic, and republican government based on a presidential system, as defined by its Constitution.

1917: Use of Estados Unidos Mexicanos in the Constitution of 1917

In 1917, the current constitution used the name Estados Unidos Mexicanos, which has been translated as "United Mexican States".

1917: Adoption of the 1917 Constitution

The 1910-1920 Mexican Revolution led to the overthrow of Porfirio Díaz and the adoption of the 1917 Constitution in 1917.

1917: Constitutional Limits on the Catholic Church

The Constitution of 1917 placed limits on the role of the Catholic Church in Mexico, though Catholicism remained the dominant religion.

1919: Assassination of Emiliano Zapata

In 1919, President Carranza had peasant leader Emiliano Zapata assassinated.

1920: Overthrow and Death of Carranza

In 1920, Obregón and other generals overthrew Carranza, who died fleeing Mexico City, and General Adolfo de la Huerta became interim president, followed by the election of General Álvaro Obregón.

1920: Mexican Revolution

The 1910-1920 Mexican Revolution led to the overthrow of Porfirio Díaz and the adoption of the 1917 Constitution.

1920: Post-Revolutionary Period Begins

The first quarter-century of the post-revolutionary period (1920–1946) was characterized by revolutionary generals serving as Presidents of Mexico, including Álvaro Obregón.

1921: Population loss reported in census

The 1921 census reported a loss of about 1 million inhabitants due to the Mexican Revolution.

1924: Presidency of Plutarco Elías Calles

In 1924, Plutarco Elías Calles became president.

1925: Publication of La Raza Cósmica

In 1925, José Vasconcelos defined Mexico and Latin America as a melting pot of all races in his book La Raza Cósmica (The Cosmic Race), extending the definition of mestizo biologically and culturally.

The Cosmic Race / La raza cosmica (Race in the Americas)

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1928: Assassination of Obregón

In 1928, Obregón won the elections but was assassinated by a Catholic activist, causing a political crisis of succession.

1929: Integration of institutes into UNAM

From 1929 to 1973, twelve institutes were integrated into UNAM.

1929: Founding of the Institutional Revolutionary Party

In 1929, Calles founded the Institutional Revolutionary Party.

1929: Founding of PRI

In 1929, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) was founded to unite factions of the Mexican Revolution.

1929: Beginning of the Maximato

The period known as the Maximato started in 1929.

1934: Presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas

In 1934, Lázaro Cárdenas became president.

1934: End of the Maximato

The period known as the Maximato ended in 1934.

1936: Foundation of the National Polytechnic Institute

The National Polytechnic Institute was founded in 1936.

March 1938: Mexican oil expropriation

In March 1938, the Mexican oil expropriation occurred, which nationalized the U.S. and Anglo-Dutch oil company known as the Mexican Eagle Petroleum Company.

1939: Founding of PAN

In 1939, the National Action Party (PAN) was founded as a conservative party.

1940: Presidency of Manuel Avila Camacho

In 1940, Manuel Avila Camacho became president.

1940: Manuel Ávila Camacho presidency

Manuel Ávila Camacho became president in 1940.

1943: María Candelaria

In 1943, María Candelaria by Emilio Fernández, was produced.

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1946: Election of Miguel Alemán

From 1946, the election of Miguel Alemán, the first civilian president in the post-revolutionary period, Mexico embarked on an aggressive program of economic development, known as the Mexican miracle.

1946: María Candelaria Awarded at Cannes

In 1946, María Candelaria was one of the first films awarded a Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.

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1946: Post-Revolutionary Period Ends

The first quarter-century of the post-revolutionary period (1920–1946) was characterized by revolutionary generals serving as Presidents of Mexico, including Manuel Avila Camacho.

1947: Luis Buñuel Masterpieces Realized in Mexico

From 1947 to 1965, Luis Buñuel realized masterpieces like Los Olvidados in Mexico.

1949: Los Olvidados

In 1949, Luis Buñuel realized the masterpiece Los Olvidados.

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1950: Growth Rates of Over 3%

Between 1950 and 1980, Mexico experienced growth rates of over 3%.

1952: Ballet Folklórico de México Founded

In 1952, the Ballet Folklórico de México was founded. It performs music and dance from the prehispanic period through the Mexican Revolution, showcasing regional attire in the Palacio de Bellas Artes.

1958: Bilingual Radio Stations for Indigenous Education

From 1958 to 1965, bilingual government radio stations broadcasting in Spanish and indigenous languages were used as a tool for indigenous education.

1959: Creation of the Mexican Academy of Sciences

In 1959, the Mexican Academy of Sciences was created to coordinate scientific efforts between academics.

1961: Viridiana

In 1961, Luis Buñuel realized the masterpiece Viridiana.

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1962: Establishment of DINA S.A.

Since 1962, DINA S.A. has been building buses and trucks.

1965: Migration to the United States

Between 1965 and 2015, over 16 million Mexicans migrated to the United States, representing one of the largest mass migrations in modern history.

1965: Luis Buñuel Masterpieces Realized in Mexico

From 1947 to 1965, Luis Buñuel realized masterpieces like Los Olvidados in Mexico.

1968: Treaty of Tlatelolco

In 1968, Mexico signed the Treaty of Tlatelolco, abandoning the possibility of manufacturing nuclear weapons and pledging to use its nuclear technology only for peaceful purposes.

1968: 1968 protests

In 1968, the native rock culture merged into the larger countercultural and political movement culminating in the 1968 protests and redirected into counterculture rebellion, La Onda (the wave).

1968: Tlatelolco massacre

In 1968, unrest included the Tlatelolco massacre.

1968: Mexico City Hosted XIX Olympic Games

Mexico City hosted the XIX Olympic Games in 1968, becoming the first Latin American city to host the games. The government invested heavily in sporting facilities and infrastructure for the event.

1968: 1968 Summer Olympics and Tlatelolco Massacre

Mexico hosted the 1968 Summer Olympics, leading to the Tlatelolco Massacre of student protesters.

1970: Mexico Hosted FIFA World Cup

In 1970, Mexico hosted the FIFA World Cup.

1973: Integration of institutes into UNAM

From 1929 to 1973, twelve institutes were integrated into UNAM.

1978: Death of Carlos Chávez

Carlos Chávez (1899–1978), the most well-known Mexican composer of the twentieth century, died. He composed six symphonies with indigenous themes and founded the Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional.

1979: Instituto Nacional Indigenista Establishes Radio Network

In 1979, the Instituto Nacional Indigenista established a national network of bilingual radio stations.

1980: Growth Rates of Over 3%

Between 1950 and 1980, Mexico experienced growth rates of over 3%. Also in 1980 Mexico had growth rates of over 3%.

1980: Luis Barragán Wins Pritzker Prize

In 1980, Luis Barragán, who combined the shape of space with forms of rural vernacular architecture of Mexico and Mediterranean countries, integrating color that handles light and shade, won the Pritzker Prize, the highest award in architecture.

1980: Oil exports

In 1980, oil exports accounted for 61.6% of total exports.

1982: Population Size

In 1982, Mexico's population was reported to be 70 million.

1986: Mexico Hosted FIFA World Cup

In 1986, Mexico hosted the FIFA World Cup.

1987: Teotihuacan Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site

In 1987, Teotihuacan was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site as a prime example of ancient pyramid construction.

December 1988: Salinas takes oath of office

Following the contested 1988 elections and massive protests over alleged electoral fraud, Carlos Salinas de Gortari took the oath of office in December 1988.

1989: Founding of PRD

In 1989, the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) was founded as a left-wing party.

1990: PRI described as the "perfect dictatorship"

In 1990, Mario Vargas Llosa famously described the PRI as the "perfect dictatorship", highlighting the challenges to the party's long-standing hegemony.

1990: Privatization of Telmex

Telmex (Teléfonos de México), previously a government monopoly, was privatized in 1990.

1992: Amendment to Article 2 of the Constitution

In 1992, Article 2 of the Constitution of Mexico was amended, defining Mexico as a pluricultural country and emphasizing the role of indigenous Mexicans.

1992: Como agua para chocolate

In 1992, the film Como agua para chocolate was released, achieving international recognition.

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January 1994: NAFTA and Zapatista Rebellion

On January 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was enacted, and the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) began an armed peasant rebellion in Chiapas against the federal government.

1994: Zapatista uprising and NAFTA signing

In 1994, unrest included the Zapatista uprising, and the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) marked a shift towards neoliberalism.

1994: Joined OECD

Mexico joined the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1994.

1995: Mario J. Molina wins Nobel Prize

In 1995, the Mexican chemist Mario J. Molina shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Paul J. Crutzen and F. Sherwood Rowland for their work in atmospheric chemistry.

1996: San Andrés Accords

In 1996, the San Andrés Accords were established, granting autonomy, recognition, and rights to the indigenous population of Mexico, following the Zapatista Army of National Liberation's push against the mestizaje ideology.

1997: Church Attendance Among Catholics

In 1997, 47% of Catholics in Mexico attended church services weekly.

1999: Economic Growth Peak

By the end of 1999, major macroeconomic reforms initiated by Ernesto Zedillo led to a rapid economic recovery, with growth peaking at almost 7%.

1999: Sex, Shame, and Tears

In 1999, the film Sex, Shame, and Tears was released, achieving international recognition.

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2000: Projected Population Size

Around the year 2000, it was expected that the population of Mexico would reach 120 million people, based on the doubling of the population within twenty years.

2000: Oil exports

By 2000, oil exports accounted for 7.3% of total exports.

2000: PRI loses presidential election

In 2000, after 71 years of rule, the PRI lost the presidential election to Vicente Fox of the PAN.

2000: Killings and disappearances of journalists

Since 2000, more than 100 journalists and media workers have been killed or disappeared, with most of these crimes remaining unsolved.

2001: Slowdown of Mexico's economy

After the slowdown of 2001, the country recovered.

2001: Y tu mamá también

In 2001, the film Y tu mamá también was released, achieving international recognition.

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2002: Growth of Mexican electronics exports

Between 2002 and 2012, the Mexican electronics exports grew 73%.

2002: Second fastest rate of deforestation

In 2002, Mexico had the second-fastest rate of deforestation in the world, only behind Brazil.

2002: The Crime of Father Amaro

In 2002, the film The Crime of Father Amaro was released, achieving international recognition.

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March 2003: Creation of the National Indigenous Languages Institute

In March 2003, the National Indigenous Languages Institute was created in Mexico to promote and protect the use of indigenous languages.

2003: Anti-Discrimination Laws

Since 2003, anti-discrimination laws regarding sexual orientation have been in place in Mexico.

2004: Mexico's economic growth

In 2004, Mexico's economy grew by 4.2 percent.

2005: Mexico Gastronomy UNESCO Candidature

In 2005, Mexico presented its gastronomy for consideration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site; however, the bid was initially unsuccessful because the committee did not properly emphasize the importance of corn in Mexican cuisine.

2005: Mexico's economic growth

In 2005, Mexico's economy grew by 3.0 percent.

2005: Amount of solar PV panels installed in Mexico

In 2005, there were only 115,000 square meters of solar PV (photo-voltaic) panels installed in Mexico.

2006: Telmex expansion

By 2006, Telmex had expanded its operations to Colombia, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and the United States.

2006: Increase in poverty rate

From 2006 to 2010, the portion of Mexicans who live in poverty rose from 18%–19% to 46% (52 million people).

2006: Contested presidential election

In 2006, Felipe Calderón from the PAN was declared the winner of the presidential election by a narrow margin over Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who contested the results and pledged to create an "alternative government".

2006: Mexico's economic growth

In 2006, Mexico's economy grew by 4.8 percent.

2006: Trade with the United States and Canada

In 2006, trade with the United States and Canada accounted for almost 50% of Mexico's exports and 45% of its imports.

2006: Start of Mexico's drug war

Since 2006, Mexico's drug war has been ongoing, resulting in over 120,000 deaths and approximately 37,000 missing persons.

2006: Drug trafficking conflict

Since 2006, approximately 127,000 deaths have been caused by ongoing conflict between drug trafficking syndicates.

2007: Goldman Sachs report on Mexico's future economy

According to a Goldman Sachs report published in 2007, by 2050 Mexico will have the 5th largest economy in the world.

2007: Increase in Missing Persons

Most of the 100,000 people officially listed as missing in Mexico as of May 2022, disappeared since 2007 when President Calderón attempted to stop the drug cartels.

2007: Start date of missing people count

Since 2007, 130,000 people have disappeared and are considered missing.

2008: UN report on income disparity

According to a 2008 UN report, the average income in a typical urbanized area of Mexico was $26,654, while the average income in rural areas just miles away was only $8,403.

2008: Contribution to United Nations

In 2008, Mexico contributed over 40 million dollars to the United Nations regular budget.

2008: Dip in remittances during the Great Recession

Remittances from Mexican citizens working in the United States dipped during the 2008 Great Recession.

August 2010: Mexico becomes the 9th largest holder of US debt

In August 2010, Mexico surpassed France to become the 9th largest holder of US debt.

November 2010: Mexican Gastronomy Recognized by UNESCO

In November 2010, Mexican gastronomy was recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.

2010: Increase in poverty rate

From 2006 to 2010, the portion of Mexicans who live in poverty rose from 18%–19% to 46% (52 million people).

2010: Chile Joins OECD

In 2010, Chile gained full membership to the OECD, making Mexico no longer the only Latin American member.

2010: Foreigners Settled in Mexico

In 2010, nearly 1 million foreigners had settled in Mexico.

2011: Electronics exports to the United States

In 2011, Mexico was the second-largest exporter of electronics to the United States, exporting $71.4 billion worth of electronics.

2012: Growth of Mexican electronics exports

Between 2002 and 2012, the Mexican electronics exports grew 73%.

2012: Foundation of MORENA

Following the 2012 elections, Andrés Manuel López Obrador founded the new political party MORENA.

2012: PRI wins presidency again

In 2012, the PRI regained the presidency with the election of Enrique Peña Nieto, who won with a plurality of around 38% without a legislative majority.

2013: Telecommunications Industry Reform

In 2013, a major reform of the telecommunications industry occurred, which included the creation of new broadcast television channels. This reform aimed to address the longstanding limitation on the number of networks, dominated by Televisa, TV Azteca, and Imagen Television, and to allow entry of foreign satellite and cable companies. Mexico also became the first Latin American country to transition from analog to all digital transmissions.

September 2014: Mass kidnapping of 43 students in Iguala

On September 26, 2014, the mass kidnapping of 43 students in Iguala triggered nationwide protests against the government's weak response to the disappearances and widespread corruption that gives free rein to criminal organizations.

2015: Migration to the United States

Between 1965 and 2015, over 16 million Mexicans migrated to the United States, representing one of the largest mass migrations in modern history.

2015: Citizens Speaking Indigenous Languages

In 2015, an estimated 8.3 million citizens of Mexico spoke indigenous languages.

2015: English Proficiency

In 2015, while approximately 24 million Mexicans studied English, only 5% of the population had a high level of proficiency.

September 2016: Opening of Kia and Audi factories

In September 2016, Kia opened a $1 billion factory in Nuevo León, and Audi opened an assembling plant in Puebla.

2016: Mexico City's Political Autonomy

In 2016, Mexico City dropped its designation as the Federal District and began the process of achieving greater political autonomy by becoming a federal entity with its own constitution and congress.

2017: Tourism statistics

As of 2017, Mexico was the 6th most visited country in the world and had the 15th highest income from tourism globally.

2017: Population Size

In 2017, the population of Mexico reached 123.5 million inhabitants.

December 2018: Completion of SEGH-CFE 1 project

In December 2018, the SEGH-CFE 1 project located in Puerto Libertad, Sonora was completed and has a capacity of 46.8 MW from an array of 187,200 solar panels.

2018: López Obrador wins presidential election

In 2018, Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) won the presidential election with over 50% of the vote, leading a coalition that also secured a majority in both Congress chambers.

2018: Mexican Expatriate Destinations

In 2018, among the 2% of Mexican expatriates not in the U.S., Canada was the most popular destination, followed by Spain and Germany. Approximately 69,000 Mexicans lived in Latin America.

2018: Land Usage Statistics

In 2018, it was estimated that 54.9% of Mexico's land was agricultural, with 11.8% arable, 1.4% in permanent crops, 41.7% permanent pasture, and 33.3% forest.

2018: Literacy Rate

In 2018, the literacy rate in Mexico was 94.86%.

2018: MORENA becomes ruling party

Since 2018, the National Regeneration Movement (Morena) has been the ruling party in Mexico.

2018: Minimum wage in 2018

The daily minimum wage was set at 88.15 pesos in 2018.

2018: Start of poverty rate decrease

Within the period between 2018 and 2022, CONEVAL registered a 5.6% decrease in poverty rate.

April 2019: Daniela Soto-Innes Named Best Female Chef

In April 2019, Daniela Soto-Innes was named the best female chef in the world by The World's Best 50 Restaurants.

2019: OECD report on poverty

According to the OECD's own poverty line, 20% of Mexico's population lived in a situation of poverty in 2019.

2019: Forest Landscape Integrity Index

In 2019, Mexico had a Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.82/10, ranking it 63rd globally out of 172 countries.

2019: Mexicans Living Outside Mexico

In 2019, approximately 11.7 million Mexicans resided outside Mexico, with the vast majority (98–99%) located in the U.S.

2019: Dissolution of the Mexican Federal Police

In 2019, the Mexican Federal Police was dissolved and replaced by the National Guard, formed from units of the Federal Police, Military Police, and Naval Police.

2019: Formation of the National Guard

In 2019, the National Guard was formed from the disbanded Federal Police and military police of the Army and Navy.

2019: Opening of Villanueva solar park

The Villanueva solar park in Coahuila which opened in 2019, is the largest solar power plant in the Americas with a capacity of 828 MW.

February 2020: First confirmed case of COVID-19

On 28 February 2020, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was recorded in Mexico.

December 2020: COVID-19 vaccination begins

In December 2020, the COVID-19 vaccination program began in Mexico.

2020: Crime Statistics Report

A 2020 BBC report provided statistics on crime in Mexico, indicating that 10.7 million households had at least one victim of crime.

2020: Population Census

According to Mexico's 2020 census, 19.4% of the population identified as indigenous, and 6.1% spoke an Indigenous language. Afro-Mexicans accounted for 2.04% of the population, while Asians and Middle Easterners each made up around 1%.

2020: Metropolitan Areas in Mexico

In 2020, Mexico had 48 metropolitan areas, housing approximately 53% of the country's population. The Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico, or Greater Mexico City, had a population of 21.8 million, about 18% of the national population.

2020: Foreigners Settled in Mexico

In 2020, an estimated 1.2 million foreigners had settled in Mexico.

2020: Arrest of ex-CEO of Pemex

In 2020, as part of a push against government corruption, the ex-CEO of Pemex, Emilio Lozoya Austin, was arrested.

2020: Life Expectancy

In 2020, the life expectancy in Mexico increased to 75 years.

2020: Religious Affiliation Census

In the 2020 census, 77.8% of the Mexican population (97,864,218) identified as Catholic, while 11.2% (14,095,307) belonged to Protestant/Evangelical Christian denominations, and 8.1% (9,488,671) declared having no religion.

2020: Religious Demographics

In the 2020 census, Mexico had 58,876 Jews, 7,982 Muslims, and 36,764 people belonging to a spiritualist religion, including a small Buddhist population. About 74,000 people practiced religions with "ethnic roots."

2021: New Immigrants Received

In 2021, Mexico officially received 68,000 new immigrants, marking a 16% increase from the previous year.

2021: Dip in remittances during the COVID-19 pandemic

Remittances from Mexican citizens working in the United States dipped during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021.

May 2022: Missing Persons

As of May 2022, 100,000 people are officially listed as missing in Mexico.

2022: Tourism in Mexico

As of 2022, Mexico is the sixth most-visited country in the world, with 42.2 million international arrivals.

2022: National Guard Personnel Count

As of 2022, the National Guard numbered 110,000 personnel.

2022: Construction of new oil refinery

In 2022, Mexico was building a new oil refinery.

2022: Estimated population

In 2022, Mexico's estimated population was 129,150,971 people, per the National Geography and Statistics Institute.

2022: Same-Sex Marriage Recognized

Since 2022, Mexico has fully recognized same-sex marriage nationwide.

2022: Environmental Protection Laws

The 2022 report noted that while environmental protection laws have improved in major cities, they remain unenforced or unregulated in rural regions.

2022: End of poverty rate decrease

Within the period between 2018 and 2022, CONEVAL registered a 5.6% decrease in poverty rate.

2023: Military Expenditures

As of 2023, Mexico's military expenditures are approximately 0.6% of its GDP.

2023: CONEVAL report on decreasing poverty rate

In 2023, CONEVAL reported that the country's poverty rate has been decreasing in recent years.

2023: Elena Reygadas Recognized

In 2023, Elena Reygadas was recognized as a top chef.

2023: Greenhouse gas emissions

In 2023, Mexico was in the top 15 highest greenhouse gas emitters, contributing over 5 million tonnes, or 1.4% of the global total.

2023: World Bank report on gross national income

In 2023, the World Bank reported that Mexico's gross national income in market exchange rates was the second highest in Latin America after Brazil at US$1,744,711.4 million.

October 2024: Claudia Sheinbaum becomes first woman president

In October 2024, Claudia Sheinbaum was sworn in as Mexico's president, becoming the first woman to lead the country.

2024: Armed forces personnel

As of 2024, there are approximately 220,000 armed forces personnel in Mexico.

2024: Global Innovation Index ranking

In 2024, Mexico was ranked 56th in the Global Innovation Index.

2024: MORENA wins second term

In the 2024 general election, the National Regeneration Movement (Morena) won a second term.

2024: Daily minimum wage

The daily minimum wage was set at $248.93 Mexican pesos (US$13.24) in 2024 ($375 in the country's northern border).

April 2025: Mexico's GDP

As of April 2025, Mexico has the 15th largest nominal GDP (US$1.693 trillion) and the 13th largest by purchasing power parity (PPP) (US$3.396 trillion).

August 2025: Demonstrations over missing people

In August 2025, demonstrations were held all around Mexico, in protest over the 130,000 people who have disappeared and considered missing since 2007.

2025: Estimated population

In 2025, Mexico's population was estimated by the UN to have grown to 131,946,900 people.

2025: First judicial election

The first judicial election in Mexico occurred in 2025, where judges pre-selected by Congress were elected by popular vote.

2026: Mexico to Co-Host FIFA World Cup

In 2026, Mexico will co-host the FIFA World Cup along with Canada and the United States, making it the first country to host or co-host the men's World Cup three times.