Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is located in the southern half of South America. It is the second-largest country in South America and the eighth-largest in the world, covering an area of 2,780,085 km2. It shares the Southern Cone with Chile and is bordered by Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and Uruguay. Buenos Aires is the federal capital and largest city. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces and one autonomous city. The country claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, and part of Antarctica.
Argentina claims 965,597 km in Antarctica, where it has the world's oldest continuous state presence, since 1904.
La Voz del Interior, a centre newspaper, was founded in 1904.
By 1908, Argentina had become the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world due to European immigration and economic policies.
From 1870 to 1910, Argentina's wheat exports increased significantly, from 100,000 to 2,500,000 tons per year.
From 1912–1930, Argentina was in a period of democracy.
In 1912, President Roque Sáenz Peña enacted universal and secret male suffrage.
In 1913, Argentina was one of the wealthiest countries in the world based on GDP per capita.
In 1916, Hipólito Yrigoyen, leader of the Radical Civic Union (or UCR), won the election.
In 1916, the National Autonomist Party's dominance ended with the elections.
In 1917, the world's first animated feature films were made and released in Argentina, by cartoonist Quirino Cristiani.
In 1918, Quirino Cristiani released another of the world's first animated feature films in Argentina.
On 27 August 1920, Argentina began the world's first regular radio broadcasting with a performance of Richard Wagner's Parsifal.
Between 1862 and 1920, Argentina's per capita income went from 67% of developed country levels to 100%.
Between 1930 and 1976, the armed forces overthrew six governments in Argentina.
In 1930, Yrigoyen was ousted from power by the military led by José Félix Uriburu.
In 1930, the Great Depression led to the first coup d'état led by José Félix Uriburu, beginning the "Infamous Decade".
The golden age of tango began in 1930, mirroring the popularity of jazz and swing in the United States.
In 1943, a military coup d'état led by General Arturo Rawson toppled the constitutional government of Ramón Castillo.
In 1943, another coup d'état occurred as part of the "Infamous Decade".
In 1944, Juan Perón was named Defence Minister.
In March 1945, Argentina declared war on the Axis Powers under pressure from the United States.
In 1945, Juan Perón was forced to resign and was arrested.
From 1946–1955, Argentina was in a period of democracy.
In 1946, Gyula Košice and others created The Madí Movement in Argentina, which later spread internationally.
In 1946, Juan Perón became president after a victory in the general election.
In 1946, The Labour Party came into power with the rise of Juan Perón to the presidency.
In 1947, Bernardo Houssay received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role of pituitary hormones in regulating glucose in animals.
In 1947, Congress enacted women's suffrage.
In 1948, infant mortality in Argentina was 70 per 1000 live births.
In 1950, the economy began to decline due in part to government expenditures and the protectionist economic policies.
In 1951, La Pampa and Chaco became provinces in Argentina.
In 1951, Perón managed to get re-elected.
In 1952, Eva Perón died of cancer.
In 1953, Misiones became a province in Argentina.
In 1953, deaths from cardiovascular disease accounted for 20% of the total deaths in Argentina, while infant deaths were 19%.
After 1955, Astor Piazzolla popularized Nuevo tango, a subtler and more intellectual trend for the genre.
From 1946–1955, Argentina was in a period of democracy.
In 1955, Cipriano Reyes, a meat-packers union leader, was arrested on charges of terrorism and tortured in prison.
In 1955, Formosa, Neuquén, Río Negro, Chubut and Santa Cruz became provinces in Argentina.
In 1955, during the Liberating Revolution coup, Perón was deposed and went into exile in Spain.
In 1955, the Bombing of Plaza de Mayo occurred, marking an individual case of state-sponsored terrorism.
In 1957, Argentina was the first country in Latin America to design and build a research reactor with homegrown technology, the RA-1 Enrico Fermi.
In 1958, Arturo Frondizi from the UCR won the general election.
Climate change in Argentina is predicted to have significant effects. From 1960–2010, the highest increases in precipitation have occurred in the eastern parts of the country.
All claims in Antarctica fall under the provisions of the 1961 Antarctic Treaty, of which Argentina is a founding signatory.
In 1962, another coup d'état occurred.
In 1963, Arturo Illia was elected and led an increase in prosperity.
In 1966, Arturo Illia was overthrown by another military coup d'état led by General Juan Carlos Onganía.
In 1966, another coup d'état occurred.
In 1969, Domingo Liotta designed and developed the first artificial heart that was successfully implanted in a human being.
In 1969, popular discontent led to two massive protests: the Cordobazo and the Rosariazo.
In 1969, trade unionists were targeted for assassination by Peronist and Marxist paramilitaries.
In 1970, Luis Leloir received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of how organisms store energy converting glucose into glycogen.
In 1971, Alejandro Agustín Lanusse was appointed president by the military junta.
In 1972, the Trelew massacre took place.
In March 1973, Cámpora won the election.
In May 1973, Hector Cámpora took office as Perón's surrogate candidate.
In July 1973, Cámpora and Vice President Vicente Solano Lima resigned, calling for new elections.
In September 1973, Perón won the election with his third wife Isabel as vice-president.
By 1991, Argentina's railway system was transporting 1,400 times less goods than it did in 1973.
From 1973–1976, Argentina was in a period of democracy.
In 1973, the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance commenced its actions.
In July 1974, Juan Perón died, and Isabel Perón succeeded him in office.
Following the death of President Juan Perón in 1974, his widow and vice president, Isabel Perón, ascended to the presidency.
In 1974, Argentina became the first country in Latin America to put in-line a commercial nuclear power plant, Atucha I.
In 1975, Isabel Perón issued "annihilation decrees" against left-wing guerrillas during Operativo Independencia (Operation Independence).
Between 1930 and 1976, the armed forces overthrew six governments in Argentina.
In 1976, Isabel Perón was ousted by the military.
In 1976, Isabel Perón was overthrown in the final coup.
In 1976, the Proceso shut down Congress, removed Supreme Court judges, banned political parties and unions, and employed forced disappearances of suspected guerrillas and left-wing individuals.
By 1977, the ERP (People's Revolutionary Army) was completely subdued by the Proceso.
In 1978, the Argentina men's national football team won the World Cup.
In 1979, the severely weakened Montoneros launched a counterattack, which was quickly put down, securing the junta's position in power.
In 1980, Argentina won the World Team Cup for the first time.
In 1981, the Argentine team played the final in the Davis Cup, where they lost against the United States.
In March 1982, Argentine forces took control of South Georgia and invaded the Falkland Islands, leading the United Kingdom to dispatch a task force in response.
Following a transition that began in 1983, full-scale democracy in Argentina was reestablished.
In 1983, Argentina admitted having the capability of producing weapon-grade uranium.
In 1983, Raúl Alfonsín was elected as president, ending the Dirty War.
In 1983, Raúl Alfonsín won the elections campaigning for the prosecution of human rights violations during the Proceso.
In 1983, the Embalse nuclear power station, which employed 30% Argentine-built components, was completed.
In 1984, César Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in antibodies.
In 1985, the Argentine film "The Official Story" won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
In 1986, the Argentina men's national football team won the World Cup.
Página/12, a leftist newspaper, was founded in 1987.
In 1989, Carlos Menem won the election amidst a worsening economic crisis and hyperinflation, leading to Alfonsín's early resignation.
In 1990, Argentina launched LUSAT-1, marking an advance in the country's space research program.
In 1990, Argentina's forest cover was 35,204,000 hectares.
In 1990, Tierra del Fuego became the Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur Province.
By 1991, Argentina's railway system was transporting 1,400 times less goods than it did in 1973.
In 1991, Argentina established CONAE, its national space agency, which has since launched two satellites and secured international agreements for mission support.
In 1991, Argentina sent warships and cargo planes to the Gulf War under UN mandate, making it the only South American country to do so.
In 1994, a Constitutional Amendment allowed Menem to be elected for a second term.
Since 1994, the Argentina's Air Force has provided the UN Air contingent in Cyprus (UNFICYP), contributing troops along with the Army and Marines.
In 1995, Argentina's economy began to decline, with increasing unemployment and recession.
In 1996, Argentina continued its space endeavors with the launch of the satellite Víctor-1.
In the 1999 elections, the UCR, led by Fernando de la Rúa, returned to the presidency.
Since 1999, Argentina had the highest availability of cable and satellite television in Latin America.
In December 2001, massive riots forced De la Rúa to resign as president of Argentina.
Argentina's democracy endured through the 2001–02 crisis.
By 2002, Argentina had 260 AM and 1150 FM registered radio stations.
By late 2002, the economic crisis began to recede in Argentina, but the assassination of two piqueteros by the police caused political unrest.
In 2002, Argentina won the World Team Cup.
Since 2002, Argentina has emphasized its key role in Latin American integration.
Since 2002, Income distribution has improved in Argentina, though it is still considerably unequal.
On May 26, 2003, Néstor Kirchner was sworn in as the new president of Argentina.
By 2004, 69,412 km of paved roads interconnected Buenos Aires, all provincial capitals except Ushuaia, and all medium-sized towns.
In January 2024, Argentina's poverty rate reached 57.4%, marking the highest poverty rate in the country since 2004.
By 2005, deaths from cardiovascular disease increased to 23% of total deaths, while infant deaths decreased to 3%.
In 2006, Argentina ranked fourth in Latin America in healthcare levels.
Argentina launched PEHUENSAT-1 in 2007 as part of its ongoing satellite program.
In 2007, Argentina sent a contingent, including helicopters, boats, and water purification plants, to assist Bolivia in response to severe floods.
In 2007, Argentina won the World Team Cup.
In 2007, Cristina Kirchner won the elections and became president of Argentina.
In 2007, Los Pumas achieved their highest-ever result in the Rugby World Cup, coming third.
According to a 2008 CONICET poll, 76.5% of Argentines were Catholic, 11.3% Agnostics and Atheists, 9% Evangelical Protestants, 1.2% Jehovah's Witnesses, and 0.9% Mormons.
In 2008, Argentina's railway system had 36,966 km of operating lines, making it the largest in Latin America.
In June 2009, CONAE secured an agreement with the European Space Agency (ESA) to install a 35-m antenna and mission support facilities at the Pierre Auger Observatory.
As of 2009, Víctor Galíndez held the record for consecutive world light heavyweight title defenses.
By 2009, infant mortality had decreased to 12.1 per 1000 live births, and life expectancy was 76 years.
In 2009, the Argentine film "The Secret in Their Eyes" won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Since 2009, the Jaguares have competed in the Americas Rugby Championship.
A 2010 study by Argentine geneticist Daniel Corach found that the average genetic ancestry of Argentines is 79% European, 18% indigenous, and 4.3% African.
Climate change in Argentina is predicted to have significant effects. From 1960–2010, the highest increases in precipitation have occurred in the eastern parts of the country.
In 2010, 7.1% of people over age 20 had graduated from university in Argentina.
In 2010, Argentina legalized same-sex marriage, becoming the first country in Latin America to do so.
In 2010, Argentina won the World Team Cup for the fourth time.
In 2010, Argentina's literacy rate was 98.07%, and 38.5% of people over age 20 had completed secondary school.
In 2010, the Armed Forces of Argentina were involved in humanitarian responses in both Haiti and Chile following earthquakes in those countries.
In 2010, the population count was 40,117,096 inhabitants, according to the census.
By 2011, about 67% of Argentina's population had internet access, and the ratio of mobile phone subscriptions to population was 137.2%.
In 2011, Argentina's defence budget reached a historical minimum of about 0.74% of GDP, falling below the Latin American average.
In 2011, Argentina's manufacturing sector experienced a 6.5% production growth rate.
In 2011, Argentine-French actress Bérénice Bejo received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.
In 2011, Cristina Kirchner won re-election as president of Argentina.
In 2011, the Atucha II reactor, with 40% Argentine-built components, was completed.
In 2012, Argentina had about 11,000 km of waterways, including the La Plata, Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay rivers.
In 2012, Argentina was elected again to a two-year non-permanent position on the United Nations Security Council.
In 2012, Argentina's revenues from international tourists reached US$4.89 billion.
In 2012, manufacturing accounted for 20.3% of Argentina's GDP, making it the largest sector in the nation's economy.
Since 2012, Los Pumas have competed in The Rugby Championship.
On 13 March 2013, Argentine Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected Pope and took the name "Francis", becoming the first Pope from the Americas or the Southern Hemisphere.
As of 2013, Argentina had 314 industrial parks supporting its diversified manufacturing sector.
In 2013, Argentina had 161 airports with paved runways.
In 2013, Argentina received 5.57 million visitors, ranking as the top destination in South America for international tourist arrivals.
In 2013, about 100 full-length motion pictures were being created annually in Argentina.
In 2013, the Up-River port region accounted for 50% of Argentina's exports.
In 2013, there were 47 national public universities and 46 private universities in Argentina.
As of 2014, 87.4% of Argentine households had cable and satellite television.
As of 2014, ten provinces in Argentina have just five deputies while the Buenos Aires Province has 70.
In 2014, Armando Bó and Nicolás Giacobone shared in the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.
In 2017, Argentina improved by 22 positions over its 2014 rankings in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index.
In April 2015, the Argentine Senate passed a law re-nationalizing the country's railways.
On 22 November 2015, Mauricio Macri won the first ballotage in Argentina's history, becoming president-elect.
On 10 December 2015, Mauricio Macri took office as president of Argentina.
In 2015, 0% of Argentina's forest area was under public ownership, 4% private ownership and 96% was listed as other or unknown.
In 2015, fossilized bones of a Neosclerocalyptus were unearthed near Buenos Aires, bearing cut marks indicative of butchering with stone tools.
In April 2016, the Macri government introduced neoliberal austerity measures intended to tackle inflation and overblown public deficits.
In 2016, Argentina settled its long-standing debt default crisis with the so-called vulture funds.
As of 2017, the Argentina men's national rugby team, 'Los Pumas', had competed at every Rugby World Cup.
Data recorded in 2017 indicated that Catholics made up 66% of the population and the nonreligious stood at 21% of the population.
In 2017, Argentina ranked 85th out of 180 countries in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index.
In 2017, Argentina's annual inflation rate was 24.8%.
In 2017, the Argentine submarine San Juan was accidentally lost, partly due to funding cuts for training and basic maintenance within the defence budget.
Argentina had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 7.21/10, ranking it 47th globally out of 172 countries.
In December 2019, Alberto Fernández and Cristina Kirchner took office as president and vice president of Argentina.
In 2019, Alberto Fernández won the election, defeating Mauricio Macri.
In 2019, Argentina was the 4th world producer of beef, with a production of 3 million tons.
On May 22, 2020, Argentina defaulted by failing to pay a $500 million bill to its creditors.
In 2020, forest cover in Argentina was around 10% of the total land area, equivalent to 28,573,000 hectares.
In 2020, more than 60% of Argentina's electricity came from non-renewable sources such as natural gas, oil and coal.
In November 2021, the ruling Peronist party lost its majority in Congress for the first time in almost 40 years, in midterm legislative elections.
At the end of 2021 Argentina was the 21st country in the world in terms of installed hydroelectric power (11.3 GW).
In 2021, Argentina had about 2,800 km of dual carriageways, mainly radiating from Buenos Aires and linking it with major cities.
Argentina is an OECD candidate country since January 2022.
In 2022, the Argentina men's national football team won the World Cup.
In 2022, the Russian invasion of Ukraine triggered a wave of migration of Russians into Argentina.
The 2022 census in Argentina counted 46,044,703 inhabitants.
In April 2023, Fernández announced that he would not seek re-election in the next presidential election.
As of July 2023, more than 18,500 Russians have arrived in Argentina following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
In November 2023, Javier Milei won the election run-off with 55.7% of the vote.
On 10 December 2023, Milei's presidency began.
According to the V-Dem Democracy indices, Argentina in 2023 was the second most electoral democratic country in Latin America.
In 2023, Argentina's annual inflation rate was 211%.
In 2023, Argentina's inflation rate reached 102.5%, among the highest inflation rates in the world. Approximately 43% of the population lived below the poverty line in Argentina as of 2023.
In January 2024, Argentina's poverty rate reached 57.4%, marking the highest poverty rate in the country since 2004.
In November 2024, Argentina's monthly inflation rate slowed to 2.4%, the lowest in over four years.
In 2024, Argentina was ranked 76th in the Global Innovation Index.
The estimated population of Argentina increased to 47,067,441 inhabitants in 2024.
Favourable results and normalization in Argentina's economy are expected to continue in 2025. The annual inflation rate is expected to be below 30% in 2025, and the economy is expected to expand by more than 4%.
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