Pope Francis, the current Pope and head of the Catholic Church, holds several distinctions. He is the first Jesuit Pope, the first from the Americas and the Southern Hemisphere, and the first Pope born and raised outside Europe since the 8th century. He also serves as the bishop of Rome and sovereign of the Vatican City State.
1908: Birth of Mario José Bergoglio
Pope Francis's father, Mario José Bergoglio, was born in 1908.
1911: Birth of Regina María Sívori
Pope Francis's mother, Regina María Sívori, was born in 1911.
1925: Publication of 'Der Gegensatz'
Romano Guardini, a German/Italian theologian whose work Bergoglio would later study, published 'Der Gegensatz' in 1925.
December 1936: Birth of Jorge Mario Bergoglio
Jorge Mario Bergoglio, the future Pope Francis, was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina in December 1936.
December 1936: Birth of Jorge Mario Bergoglio
Pope Francis was born as Jorge Mario Bergoglio on 17 December 1936, in Flores, Buenos Aires.
1938: Birth of Oscar Adrián Bergoglio
One of Pope Francis's brothers, Oscar Adrián Bergoglio, was born in 1938.
1940: Birth of Marta Regina Bergoglio
One of Pope Francis's sisters, Marta Regina Bergoglio, was born in 1940.
1942: Birth of Alberto Horacio Bergoglio
Pope Francis's brother, Alberto Horacio Bergoglio, was born in 1942.
1948: Birth of María Elena Bergoglio
Pope Francis's only surviving sibling, María Elena Bergoglio, was born in 1948.
March 1958: Entering the Society of Jesus as a Novice
On March 1958, Bergoglio formally began his Jesuit journey by entering the Society of Jesus as a novice.
1958: Joining the Society of Jesus
Inspired by a priest, Bergoglio joined the Jesuits in 1958 after recovering from a serious illness.
1959: Death of Mario José Bergoglio
Pope Francis's father, Mario José Bergoglio, passed away in 1959.
March 1960: Becoming a Jesuit
Bergoglio officially became a Jesuit on 12 March 1960 after completing his novitiate.
1960: Obtaining a Licentiate in Philosophy
Bergoglio earned a licentiate in philosophy from the Colegio Máximo de San José in San Miguel, Buenos Aires Province, in 1960.
1962: Promulgation of the 1962 Roman Missal
The 1962 Roman Missal, the last edition of the Roman Missal before the implementation of the liturgical reforms of the Second Vatican Council, was promulgated in 1962.
1964: Teaching at Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepción
He taught literature and psychology at the Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepción in Santa Fe from 1964 to 1965.
1965: End of Teaching at Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepción
Bergoglio's teaching assignment at the Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepción in Santa Fe concluded.
1966: Teaching at Colegio del Salvador
In 1966, he took up a teaching position at the Colegio del Salvador in Buenos Aires, teaching literature and psychology.
1967: Beginning Theological Studies
Bergoglio began his theological studies at the Facultades de Filosofía y Teología de San Miguel in 1967.
December 1969: Ordination to the Priesthood
On December 1969, Bergoglio was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Ramón José Castellano.
1969: Ordination to Priesthood
Bergoglio was ordained as a Catholic priest in 1969.
April 1973: Final Vows as a Jesuit
Bergoglio made his final vows as a Jesuit on April 1973.
1973: Jesuit Provincial Superior in Argentina
From 1973 to 1979, he served as the Jesuit provincial superior in Argentina.
1976: Debate Over Bergoglio's Actions During the "Dirty War"
During the "Dirty War" in 1976, there was debate about Bergoglio's level of involvement with the dictatorship. Some, like Oliveira, believed he was "anguished" but unable to speak out. Others, like Esquivel and Meijide, maintained that Bergoglio was not a collaborator. Historian Uki Goñi suggests that the true extent of the repression was not widely known at the time.
1979: End of Term as Jesuit Provincial Superior
Bergoglio's term as the Jesuit provincial superior in Argentina ended.
1979: End of Term as Provincial Superior
Bergoglio's six-year term as the provincial superior of the Society of Jesus in Argentina concluded.
June 1980: Pastoral Provision
The Pastoral Provision of June 1980 marked a significant moment in the Catholic Church, opening a pathway for married Anglican priests to be received into the Church and ordained as Catholic priests.
1980: Nobel Peace Prize Awarded to Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, an artist and human rights activist who knew Bergoglio, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1980. Esquivel believed that while Bergoglio may not have been as outspoken as other priests against the dictatorship, he did not collaborate with it.
1980: Rector of Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel
Bergoglio was appointed as the rector of the Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel in 1980, where he had previously studied.
1981: Death of Regina María Sívori
Pope Francis's mother, Regina María Sívori, died in 1981.
1986: Replacement as Rector and Subsequent Assignments
In 1986, Bergoglio was replaced as rector and subsequently received different assignments.
1990: Photo of Priest with Videla Mistaken for Bergoglio
In 1990, a photo of a priest giving communion to dictator Jorge Rafael Videla was misidentified as Bergoglio. This photo, which circulated widely, was later proven to depict Carlos Berón de Astrada, not Bergoglio.
June 1992: Appointment as Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires
In June 1992, Jorge Bergoglio was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires. He was consecrated on June 27, 1992, and chose "Miserando atque eligendo" as his episcopal motto, meaning "because he saw him through the eyes of mercy and chose him".
1992: Request to Not Reside in Jesuit Houses
In 1992, due to tensions with Jesuit leaders and differing views on theological matters, Bergoglio was asked not to reside in Jesuit houses.
June 1997: Appointment as Coadjutor Archbishop of Buenos Aires
Jorge Bergoglio was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Buenos Aires in June 1997.
February 1998: Becoming Archbishop of Buenos Aires
Following the death of Cardinal Antonio Quarracino, Jorge Bergoglio succeeded him as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Buenos Aires in February 1998. During his tenure, he focused on expanding the church's outreach in the slums, earning him the moniker "Slum Bishop."
November 1998: Appointment as Ordinary for Eastern Catholics in Argentina
In November 1998, while serving as Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Bergoglio was appointed the Ordinary for Eastern Catholics in Argentina who didn't have their own prelate.
1998: Appointment as Archbishop of Buenos Aires
In 1998, Bergoglio was appointed as the Archbishop of Buenos Aires.
1999: Fernando de la Rúa Elected President of Argentina
Fernando de la Rúa became the president of Argentina in 1999, succeeding Carlos Menem.
1999: Yorio's Accusation
In 1999, Yorio stated that he believed Bergoglio did not help secure their release.
2000: Reconciliation with Jerónimo Podestá and Call for Public Penance
In 2000, Bergoglio became the sole church official to reconcile with Jerónimo Podestá, a former bishop suspended for opposing the 1972 Argentine Revolution military dictatorship. He also advocated for Podestá's wife against Vatican criticisms of their marriage. Additionally, Bergoglio urged the Argentine Catholic Church to publicly repent for its actions during the 1970s' "Dirty War."
2000: Bergoglio Criticizes Societal Apathy and Government Austerity
In 2000, during an economic depression in Argentina, Archbishop Bergoglio criticized the perceived apathy of society and the government's fiscal austerity measures that increased poverty. There was a disagreement about a proposed dialogue between political and economic leaders, with De la Rúa and the Church offering differing accounts.
2000: Yorio's Death
Yorio passed away in 2000.
February 2001: Elevation to Cardinalate
Pope John Paul II elevated Archbishop Bergoglio to the cardinalate in February 2001, assigning him the title of Cardinal Priest of San Roberto Bellarmino, a church with Jesuit connections.
December 2001: Bergoglio Advocates for Peaceful Protesters During Riots
During the December 2001 riots in Argentina, Bergoglio intervened by contacting the Ministry of the Interior. He urged the police to differentiate between peaceful protesters and those engaging in violence and vandalism.
December 2001: Leadership During the Argentine Riots
In December 2001, then-Archbishop Bergoglio led the Argentine Church during a time of social and economic upheaval marked by riots.
2001: Bergoglio Meets with Senator Ramón Puerta
Following the Justicialist Party's victory in the 2001 elections, Bergoglio met with Ramón Puerta, the new president of the Senate. Puerta assured Bergoglio that there were no plans to remove President De la Rúa from office.
2004: Bergoglio Calls for Political Dialogue and Rejects Intolerance
During a Mass at the cathedral for the First National Government holiday in 2004, Bergoglio called for increased political dialogue, criticized intolerance, exhibitionism, and strong pronouncements in the presence of President Néstor Kirchner.
April 2005: Attendance at Pope John Paul II's Funeral
Bergoglio attended the funeral of Pope John Paul II in April 2005 and was considered a potential successor.
September 2005: Consideration in the 2005 Papal Conclave
Bergoglio participated in the 2005 papal conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI. Reports later emerged suggesting he was a prominent contender and might have received a significant number of votes.
November 2005: Election as President of Argentine Episcopal Conference
Bergoglio was elected as the President of the Argentine Episcopal Conference in November 2005 for a three-year term.
2005: Bergoglio Emerges as a Strong Candidate in the 2005 Papal Conclave
During the 2005 papal conclave, Bergoglio emerged as a strong contender, coming in second to Cardinal Ratzinger in all ballots. He was seen as the only other viable candidate at the time.
2005: Bregman's Complaint
Human rights lawyer Myriam Bregman filed a complaint against Bergoglio in 2005, alleging his involvement in the kidnapping. The complaint was later dismissed.
2005: Authorization for Beatification and Investigation into San Patricio Church Massacre
In 2005, Cardinal Bergoglio authorized the beatification process for six Pallottine missionaries killed in the San Patricio Church massacre and initiated an investigation into the murders, often attributed to the Argentine junta.
2005: Pope Francis' Admiration for John XXIII
Pope Francis, before his papacy, shared his deep admiration for Pope John XXIII, considering him "the Good Pope." His admiration was so profound that he would have adopted the name "John XXIV" in his honor if elected pope in 2005.
2006: Jean-Pierre Ricard Named Cardinal by Benedict XVI
In 2006, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Jean-Pierre Ricard as Cardinal. Years later, in 2022, Ricard would admit to sexual abuse committed during his time as a priest.
2006: Bergoglio Supports Jesuit Candidate and Opposes Constitutional Amendment
Bergoglio supported fellow Jesuit Joaquín Piña in the 2006 Misiones Province elections, successfully preventing a constitutional amendment that would have allowed indefinite re-elections. This move thwarted President Kirchner's plans for similar amendments in other provinces and at the national level.
2007: Bergoglio's Sciatica Attack Delays Travel
In 2007, Bergoglio experienced a sciatica attack, which prevented him from attending a consistory and delayed his return to Argentina.
2007: Pope Benedict XVI's stance on the Tridentine Mass
In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI allowed for the celebration of the Tridentine Mass, which had been largely restricted after the Second Vatican Council.
2007: Establishment of Weekly Traditional Latin Mass
In 2007, shortly after Pope Benedict XVI relaxed restrictions on the pre-Vatican II liturgy, Cardinal Bergoglio instituted a weekly Traditional Latin Mass, reflecting his commitment to liturgical traditions.
2007: Death of Marta Regina Bergoglio
One of Pope Francis's sisters, Marta Regina Bergoglio, passed away in 2007.
November 2008: Re-election as President of Argentine Episcopal Conference
Bergoglio was re-elected to a second three-year term as President of the Argentine Episcopal Conference in November 2008.
2008: Bergoglio Calls for National Reconciliation During Agricultural Unrest
In 2008, during unrest in Argentina's agricultural regions, Bergoglio's call for national reconciliation was interpreted by the government as support for anti-government demonstrators, further straining relations.
2009: Anglican Ordinariate
The establishment of the Anglican Ordinariate in 2009 created a structure within the Catholic Church for former Anglicans, including married priests, to join while retaining elements of their Anglican heritage.
July 2010: Opposition to Same-Sex Marriage in Argentina
Prior to his papacy, as Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Jorge Bergoglio actively opposed the legalization of same-sex marriage in Argentina in July 2010. His involvement in the campaign against the same-sex marriage bill, including a letter criticized for its harsh language, drew significant attention and highlighted his conservative stance on this issue.
October 2010: Death of Néstor Kirchner
Néstor Kirchner, the former president of Argentina, passed away in October 2010. Kirchner had viewed Bergoglio as a political opponent.
2010: Bergoglio Commissions Study on Father Grassi Case
In 2010, Cardinal Bergoglio commissioned a study on the case of Father Julio César Grassi, a priest accused of child sexual abuse. The study concluded that Grassi was innocent. This decision was later criticized, as the Supreme Court of Argentina would uphold Grassi's conviction in 2017.
2010: Death of Alberto Horacio Bergoglio
Pope Francis's brother, Alberto Horacio Bergoglio, died in 2010.
December 2011: Submission of Resignation as Archbishop of Buenos Aires
Upon reaching 75 years old in December 2011, Bergoglio submitted his resignation as Archbishop of Buenos Aires to Pope Benedict XVI, as required by canon law. He continued to serve while awaiting his successor.
2012: Vatican's Concerns about U.S. Nuns
In 2012, during Pope Benedict XVI's papacy, the Vatican expressed concerns that the U.S. Leadership Conference of Women Religious was overly focused on social justice issues and not enough on opposing abortion. They perceived it as having feminist leanings and allowing dissenting voices.
February 2013: Election as Pope
Following the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI, Bergoglio was elected pope in February 2013. He chose the papal name Francis in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi.
March 2013: Pope Francis' First Audience
In his first audience in March 2013, Pope Francis shared the meaning behind his papal name, inspired by Saint Francis of Assisi and his concern for the poor, a message emphasized by Cardinal Cláudio Hummes' words during the conclave.
March 2013: Papal Inauguration of Pope Francis
Pope Francis held his papal inauguration in March 2013 at St. Peter's Square, Vatican City. The Mass was attended by world leaders and marked by a homily focused on Saint Joseph.
March 2013: Jorge Bergoglio Elected as Pope Francis
Jorge Bergoglio was elected as Pope Francis on March 13, 2013, during the second day of the papal conclave. His election came on the fifth ballot, marking a historic moment as the first Jesuit pope and the first from the Americas.
March 2013: Pope Francis' Early Decisions
In March 2013, Pope Francis made significant decisions, asking senior Roman Curia members to remain in office temporarily, appointing Alfred Xuereb as his personal secretary, and choosing José Rodríguez Carballo for a key position in the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life.
March 2013: Tributes and Dedications to Pope Francis
Following his election, there were numerous tributes and dedications to Pope Francis, including a song titled "Come Puoi," a street named after him in La Plata, Argentina, and proposals for a commemorative coin.
March 2013: Request for Ordination of Married Men
In March 2013, British Catholic peers and parliamentarians urged Pope Francis to allow the ordination of married men as priests in Great Britain. They argued this would address the anomaly of married Anglican priests being ordained in the Catholic Church while married Catholic men couldn't.
April 2013: Establishment of Council of Cardinal Advisers
Pope Francis established the Council of Cardinal Advisers in April 2013. This council, composed of eight cardinals known for their critical perspectives on Vatican operations, was tasked with advising the Pope on reforming the Roman Curia.
May 2013: First Canonizations of Pope Francis' Pontificate
Pope Francis conducted his first canonizations in May 2013, bestowing sainthood on the Martyrs of Otranto (Antonio Primaldo and 812 companions executed in 1480) and religious sisters Laura of St. Catherine of Siena and María Guadalupe García Zavala. This event marked a record for the highest number of saints canonized in a single pontificate, surpassing Pope John Paul II.
May 2013: Increase in Papal Souvenir Sales
By May 2013, there was a noticeable increase in the sales of papal souvenirs, reflecting Pope Francis's growing popularity.
June 2013: Publication of Encyclical "Lumen Fidei"
Pope Francis published the encyclical 'Lumen Fidei' in June 2013, a work largely attributed to his predecessor, Pope Benedict XVI.
July 2013: "Who am I to judge?"
Pope Francis made international headlines in July 2013 with his now-famous statement, "Who am I to judge?" in response to a question about gay priests. This remark, widely interpreted as a more compassionate stance towards LGBTQ+ individuals, signaled a potential shift in the Church's approach to LGBTQ+ issues.
August 2013: Vatican Bank Transparency and Investigation
In August 2013, the Vatican Bank initiated steps towards transparency amid allegations of corruption and money laundering. A commission was appointed for reforms, and Promontory Financial Group investigated the bank's customer contacts.
November 2013: Proposal for Commemorative Coin
A proposal to create a commemorative coin honoring Pope Francis was presented in Argentina's lower house in November 2013. The proposed design featured his image and the inscription "Tribute from the Argentine People to Pope Francis."
November 2013: Publication of Apostolic Exhortation "Evangelii Gaudium"
Pope Francis released his first major letter as pope, the apostolic exhortation 'Evangelii Gaudium,' in November 2013, outlining the direction of his papacy.
December 2013: Person of the Year and Recognition for Reform Efforts
Pope Francis was recognized as "Person of the Year" by both Time and The Advocate magazines in December 2013 for his reform efforts within the Catholic Church. Esquire magazine also named him the "Best-dressed man" of 2013.
2013: Call for Papal Visit to Jerusalem
In 2013, Fouad Twal, the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem, urged Pope Francis to visit Jerusalem during his Easter homily. Similarly, Chaldean Catholic Patriarch Louis Raphael I requested the Pope's visit to Iraq to show support for the "embattled Christian community" there.
2013: Continuation of Reform Program
In 2013, Pope Francis decided to continue the reform program for the U.S. Leadership Conference of Women Religious, a program initiated by his predecessor.
January 2014: Featured on Rolling Stone Cover
Pope Francis's influence extended beyond traditional media in January 2014 when he was featured on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine.
January 2014: Pope Francis Limits Appointment of Monsignors
Starting in January 2014, Pope Francis decided to appoint fewer monsignors and only grant them the lowest of the three existing ranks, 'Chaplain of His Holiness.' This honor would be reserved for diocesan priests aged 65 or older. Francis' decision stemmed from his belief that the title was often associated with careerism and hierarchy.
January 2014: Replacement of Vatican Bank Overseers
Pope Francis replaced four of the five cardinal overseers of the Vatican Bank in January 2014 as part of his efforts to address corruption allegations. Lay experts and clerics were involved in examining the bank's operations, and Ernst von Freyberg was appointed as the head.
February 2014: Survey Reveals Divisions Within the Catholic Church and Pope Francis' Response
A February 2014 World Values Survey revealed significant divisions within the Catholic Church regarding issues like abortion, contraception, divorce, and the roles of women and married priests. While many viewed Pope Francis favorably, they disagreed with some of his teachings. In response, Pope Francis initiated a "consultation," going beyond a simple survey, to gather opinions from the laity. However, he maintained the Church's stance on doctrine, emphasizing that it's not governed by popular opinion.
February 2014: First Consistory and Elevation of New Cardinals
Pope Francis held his first consistory on February 22, 2014, during which he created 19 new cardinals. This consistory was notable for the presence of both Pope Francis and his predecessor, Pope Benedict XVI.
February 2014: Possible Papal Name Revealed
In February 2014, it was revealed that Pope Francis had considered the name "John XXIV" in honor of John XXIII if he had been elected pope in 2005. He deeply admired John XXIII and his impact.
March 2014: Behind-the-Scenes Broker for US-Cuba Talks
At the request of President Obama during a visit in March 2014, Pope Francis began working as a behind-the-scenes mediator in talks to normalize relations between the US and Cuba.
April 2014: Canonizations by Pope Francis
In April 2014, Pope Francis approved several canonizations, including José de Anchieta, Marie of the Incarnation, and François de Laval. He also canonized his two predecessors, Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II, on April 27, 2014.
April 2014: Withheld Survey Results Cause Discontent
The Catholic Church in England and Wales, as of April 2014, chose not to release the results of Pope Francis' survey on the laity's opinions. This decision, influenced by a Vatican request for confidentiality, frustrated reformers hoping for increased lay involvement in church decisions. Churches in Germany and Austria, however, did publish summaries, highlighting the gap between church teachings and the practices of everyday Catholics.
May 2014: Highly Publicized Visit to Israel
Pope Francis's visit to Israel in May 2014, during which he delivered 13 speeches, garnered significant media attention. The visit also sparked protests and an alleged arson attempt at the Dormition Abbey.
August 2014: Beatification of Paul Yun Ji-Chung and Companions
Pope Francis presided over the beatification of Paul Yun Ji-Chung and 123 companions on August 16, 2014.
September 2014: Beatification of Álvaro del Portillo
Pope Francis approved the beatification of Álvaro del Portillo of Opus Dei on September 27, 2014.
September 2014: First Joint Public Wedding Ceremony
Pope Francis presided over his inaugural joint public wedding ceremony in September 2014, officiating a Nuptial Mass for 20 couples from the Archdiocese of Rome. This event took place just weeks before the Extraordinary Synod of Bishops on the Family.
October 2014: Beatification of Pope Paul VI
Pope Francis presided over the beatification of his predecessor, Pope Paul VI, on October 19, 2014.
November 2014: Ranked Among Most Powerful People by Forbes
Pope Francis's global influence was further highlighted in November 2014 when Forbes ranked him as the fourth most powerful person in the world, making him the only non-political figure in the top ranking.
December 2014: Role in Restoring US-Cuba Diplomatic Relations
Pope Francis played a key role in brokering the restoration of diplomatic relations between the US and Cuba, announced in December 2014 by President Obama and President Castro.
2014: Synod on the Family
Pope Francis convened a Synod on the Family in 2014.
2014: Pope Francis' Stance on Abortion and Gay Marriage
In 2014, Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke, known for his conservative stance, stated that Pope Francis opposed both abortion and gay marriage. Vatican spokesman Father Federico Lombardi also emphasized that Pope Francis and Cardinal Walter Kasper wouldn't alter church doctrine on these matters.
January 2015: Canonization of Joseph Vaz
Pope Francis canonized Joseph Vaz on January 14, 2015, during his visit to Sri Lanka.
February 2015: Saint Gregory of Narek Named Doctor of the Church
Pope Francis signed a decree naming Saint Gregory of Narek as the 36th Doctor of the Church on February 21, 2015.
February 2015: Second Consistory and Elevation of New Cardinals
Pope Francis held his second consistory on February 14, 2015, elevating 20 new cardinals. This event was also attended by Pope Benedict XVI.
April 2015: Papal Bull of Indiction, Misericordiae Vultus
In April 2015, Pope Francis issued the papal bull of indiction, "Misericordiae Vultus" ("The Face of Mercy"), to commence a Special Jubilee Year of Mercy.
April 2015: Conclusion of Investigation into U.S. Leadership Conference of Women Religious
The Vatican's investigation into the U.S. Leadership Conference of Women Religious concluded in April 2015. Though initiated under Pope Benedict XVI, the timing coincided with Pope Francis' upcoming visit to the U.S. and seemed to align with his focus on social justice, a key concern of the sisters.
April 2015: Formal Conferral of Doctor of the Church on Saint Gregory of Narek
Pope Francis formally conferred the title of Doctor of the Church upon Saint Gregory of Narek at a ceremony held in Saint Peter's Basilica on April 12, 2015.
May 2015: Meeting with Raúl Castro and Potential Return to Catholicism
In May 2015, Pope Francis met with Cuban leader Raúl Castro. Following the meeting, Castro expressed a possibility of returning to the Catholic Church, citing the Pope's influence.
May 2015: Encyclical Laudato si'
In May 2015, Pope Francis released Laudato si', a groundbreaking encyclical focused on environmental issues. This document highlighted his deep concern for the planet and emphasized the urgent need to address environmental challenges, reflecting his namesake's care for creation.
May 2015: Meeting with Mahmoud Abbas and Recognition of Palestine
In May 2015, Pope Francis welcomed Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas to the Vatican, referring to him as an "angel of peace." During the visit, the Vatican signed a treaty recognizing the state of Palestine and expressed hope for renewed peace talks between Israel and Palestine.
May 2015: Beatification of Óscar Romero
Pope Francis approved the beatification of the martyred archbishop Óscar Romero on May 23, 2015.
June 2015: Publication of Encyclical "Laudato Si'"
June 2015 marked the publication of Pope Francis' first original encyclical, 'Laudato Si',' focusing on environmental care and sustainability.
June 2015: Visit to Sarajevo and Call for Peace
Pope Francis traveled to Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in June 2015. He used his visit to the religiously diverse city, often called the "Jerusalem of Europe," to advocate for peace.
September 2015: Meeting with Kim Davis
Pope Francis's decision to meet with Kim Davis, a Kentucky clerk jailed for refusing to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples, in September 2015 sparked controversy and raised questions about his position on LGBTQ+ rights.
September 2015: Historic Visit to Cuba
In September 2015, Pope Francis made a significant visit to Cuba, further solidifying his role as a bridge between the US and Cuba after the restoration of diplomatic relations.
September 2015: Address to the United Nations
Pope Francis delivered an address to the United Nations in New York City in September 2015.
September 2015: Pope Francis Visits the United States
Pope Francis visited the United States in September 2015.
November 2015: Release of "Wake Up!" Album
The album "Wake Up!", which features speeches by Pope Francis set to music, including rock, was released in November 2015.
December 2015: Special Jubilee Year of Mercy Commences
The Special Jubilee Year of Mercy, as declared by Pope Francis, began on December 8, 2015, coinciding with the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
2015: Papal Visit to Cuba
Pope Francis's visit to Cuba in 2015 garnered significant media attention. It highlighted the varying perspectives and biases in media coverage, with some outlets focusing on the religious aspect of his trip while others emphasized the diplomatic implications.
2015: Release of Biographical Films
Two biographical films about Pope Francis, "Call Me Francesco" and "Francis: Pray for me," were released in 2015.
2015: Criticism from Conservatives and Historians
In 2015, Pope Francis faced accusations from conservatives for allegedly favoring leftist movements, particularly after his visit to Cuba. Catholic historian Carlos Eire claimed Francis had a "preferential option for the oppressors" in Cuba.
2015: Francis Supports Bishop Juan Barros Amidst Cover-Up Accusations
Pope Francis faced criticism in 2015 for supporting Chilean bishop Juan Barros, who was accused of covering up sex crimes against minors.
March 2016: First Pope on Instagram
Pope Francis became the first pope to create an Instagram account in March 2016, quickly garnering a million followers.
April 2016: Publication of Apostolic Exhortation "Amoris Laetitia"
In April 2016, Pope Francis released his second apostolic exhortation, 'Amoris Laetitia,' addressing love and family life. This document sparked controversy for its stance on communion for divorced and remarried Catholics.
April 2016: Visit to Moria Refugee Camp and Call for Attention to Refugee Crisis
In April 2016, Pope Francis, along with Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew and Archbishop Ieronimos II of Athens, visited the Moria Refugee Camp in Lesbos, Greece. Their aim was to raise global awareness about the refugee crisis. During the visit, they signed a joint declaration.
June 2016: Canonizations of Maria Elisabeth Hesselblad, Stanislaus Papczyński, and Mother Teresa
Pope Francis canonized Maria Elisabeth Hesselblad and Stanislaus Papczyński on June 5, 2016. He also canonized Mother Teresa on September 4, 2016.
November 2016: Special Jubilee Year of Mercy Concludes
On November 20, 2016, the Special Jubilee Year of Mercy, initiated by Pope Francis, concluded on the last Sunday before Advent and the Solemnity of the Feast of Christ the King of the Universe.
November 2016: Establishment of World Day of the Poor
Pope Francis established the World Day of the Poor on November 20, 2016, through his Apostolic Letter, "Misericordia et Misera," to commemorate the end of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy.
November 2016: Premiere of Oratorio "Laudato si'"
An oratorio titled "Laudato si'," featuring Pope Francis as a character, premiered in November 2016. The oratorio highlights the Pope's messages on environmentalism, mercy, and the role of women in the Church.
November 2016: Third Consistory and Elevation of New Cardinals
On November 19, 2016, Pope Francis presided over his third consistory, elevating 17 new cardinals.
December 2016: Ranked Among Most Powerful People by Forbes
Pope Francis continued to be recognized for his global influence in December 2016 when Forbes once again included him in their list of "The World's Most Powerful People."
2016: Clash with Donald Trump and Right-Wing Populism
Pope Francis's opposition to right-wing populism led to a notable clash with Donald Trump during the 2016 US presidential election. Francis criticized Trump's stance on building walls, stating it was unchristian, to which Trump responded by calling it "disgraceful" for a religious leader to question someone's faith.
2016: Conservative Criticism Intensifies
Since 2016, Pope Francis has encountered escalating criticism from theological conservatives within the Catholic Church, with some attributing the resistance to his move from theoretical principles to a more pastoral approach. This opposition highlights the diverse perspectives within the Church and the challenges posed by different interpretations of doctrine and leadership.
2016: Elevation of a Priest to Cardinal
In 2016, Pope Francis created a priest as a cardinal, continuing his practice of recognizing individuals from diverse backgrounds.
January 2017: Demand for Resignation of Matthew Festing from Order of Malta
Pope Francis demanded the resignation of Matthew Festing, the Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, in January 2017. This followed the controversial firing of Baron Albrecht von Boeselager from the Order by Festing and Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke.
March 2017: Supreme Court of Argentina Upholds Conviction of Father Julio César Grassi
In March 2017, the Supreme Court of Argentina upheld the conviction and 15-year prison sentence against Father Julio César Grassi, a priest convicted of child sexual abuse. This followed a 2010 study commissioned by then-Cardinal Bergoglio (Pope Francis) that concluded Grassi was innocent.
May 2017: Appointment of New Leader for Order of Malta
Following the controversy and resignation of Matthew Festing, the Order of Malta appointed Fra' Giacomo Dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto as their new leader in May 2017.
May 2017: Meeting with US President Donald Trump
In May 2017, Pope Francis met with US President Donald Trump to discuss the contributions of Catholics globally, and issues such as combating human suffering in crisis regions, terrorism, and climate change.
June 2017: Meeting with Venezuelan Bishops Amid Political Crisis
In June 2017, Pope Francis met with Venezuelan bishops to address the ongoing political crisis in the country. Despite criticism from President Maduro and some former Latin American presidents, Francis maintained a neutral stance, seeking peace without taking sides.
June 2017: Fourth Consistory and Elevation of New Cardinals
Pope Francis held his fourth consistory on June 28, 2017, elevating five new cardinals. This consistory was noteworthy because none of the cardinals elevated were from the Roman Curia, and one was an auxiliary bishop.
July 2017: Conservative Catholics Criticize Pope Francis in "Filial Correction"
In July 2017, a group of conservative Catholic clergy and scholars issued a document known as the "Filial Correction," criticizing Pope Francis for allegedly promoting heretical propositions. The document, made public in September, highlighted what they perceived as deviations from traditional Catholic teachings under Francis's papacy.
September 2017: Beatification of Two Colombian Martyrs
On September 8, 2017, Pope Francis presided over the beatification of two Colombian martyrs.
November 2017: Pope John Paul I Declared Venerable
Pope Francis confirmed his predecessor, Pope John Paul I, as Venerable on November 8, 2017.
December 2017: Signing of Apostolic Constitution "Veritatis Gaudium"
Pope Francis signed 'Veritatis Gaudium,' a new apostolic constitution on ecclesiastical universities and faculties, in December 2017.
2017: Pope Francis Replaces Cardinal Müller as Prefect for the Doctrine of the Faith
Pope Francis replaced Cardinal Gerhard Müller, a prominent critic of his views on the interpretation of "Amoris Laetitia", as the Prefect for the Doctrine of the Faith in 2017. Müller's removal followed his insistence on interpreting the document in line with traditional doctrine, which sparked controversy and debate within the Church.
2017: Canonizations of Francisco and Jacinta Marto
During his visit to Fátima in mid-2017, Pope Francis canonized the two child visionaries, Francisco and Jacinta Marto. He also canonized 35 additional saints on October 15, 2017.
2017: Interview with Die Zeit
In a 2017 interview with the German newsweekly Die Zeit, Pope Francis clarified that he had never been to Augsburg.
January 2018: Meeting with Yazidi Refugees
Pope Francis met with a group of Yazidi refugees in January 2018, expressing solidarity and advocating for the protection of religious minorities. He condemned the persecution faced by the Yazidi community and called for international action to safeguard their right to freely practice their faith.
January 2018: Publication of "Veritatis Gaudium"
The apostolic constitution on ecclesiastical universities and faculties, "Veritatis Gaudium," was published in January 2018.
March 2018: Publication of Apostolic Exhortation "Gaudete et Exsultate"
Pope Francis published the apostolic exhortation 'Gaudete et Exsultate' ('Rejoice and Be Glad') in March 2018, emphasizing the call to holiness in contemporary society.
May 2018: Premiere of Documentary "Pope Francis: A Man of His Word"
The documentary "Pope Francis: A Man of His Word," directed by Wim Wenders, premiered in May 2018.
June 2018: Fifth Consistory and Elevation of New Cardinals
Pope Francis presided over his fifth consistory on June 28, 2018, elevating 14 new cardinals. This consistory was notable for the elevation of the papal almoner, Konrad Krajewski, to the cardinalate, marking the first time an almoner was made a cardinal.
August 2018: Comments on Gay Children and Psychiatric Treatment
In August 2018, Pope Francis faced criticism for suggesting that parents seek psychiatric help for children exhibiting homosexual tendencies. The comment was widely condemned as harmful and insensitive, reigniting concerns about the Church's stance on LGBTQ+ issues and mental health.
October 2018: Canonizations of Pope Paul VI and Óscar Romero
Pope Francis canonized his predecessor, Pope Paul VI, and Óscar Romero on October 14, 2018.
2018: Synod on Youth
Pope Francis convened a Synod on Youth in 2018
2018: Francis Admits "Grave Errors" in Judgment of Bishop Barros, Launches Investigation
In 2018, Pope Francis publicly acknowledged he had made "grave errors" in his judgment regarding Bishop Juan Barros, who was accused of covering up sexual abuse. He apologized to the victims and initiated a Vatican investigation, leading to the resignation of Barros and two other Chilean bishops.
2018: Papal Visit to Ireland
In 2018, Pope Francis made a historic visit to Ireland, marking the first papal tour of the country since John Paul II's trip in 1979. During his visit, he apologized for abuses committed by clergy in the United States and Ireland.
2018: Opposition to the Death Penalty
In 2018, Pope Francis revised the Catechism of the Catholic Church, declaring the death penalty "inadmissible" from a Catholic perspective, as it violates human dignity. He committed the Church to working towards its global abolition.
January 2019: Criticism for Christmas Address on Venezuela
Pope Francis's Christmas address in January 2019 regarding the Venezuelan crisis sparked criticism from 20 former Latin American presidents. They argued his message was simplistic and failed to acknowledge the root causes of suffering in Venezuela.
February 2019: Pope Francis Signs "Document on Human Fraternity"
Pope Francis and Sheikh Ahmed el-Tayeb, Grand Imam of Al-Azhar, jointly signed the "Document on Human Fraternity for World Peace and Living Together" in February 2019. The document, promoting interfaith dialogue and peaceful coexistence, faced criticism from some Catholics for its interpretation of religious pluralism.
February 2019: Pope Acknowledges Sexual Abuse in the Church and Convenes Summit
Pope Francis publicly acknowledged sexual abuse of nuns by priests and bishops in February 2019. He convened a summit in Rome to address this issue and the broader clergy sex abuse crisis.
February 2019: Papal Visit to Abu Dhabi and First Papal Mass on the Arabian Peninsula
In February 2019, Pope Francis visited Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, at the invitation of Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. This visit marked the first time a Pope held a papal Mass on the Arabian Peninsula, which took place at the Zayed Sports City Stadium on February 5th and was attended by over 120,000 people.
May 2019: Promulgation of "Vos Estis Lux Mundi"
In response to the clergy sexual abuse summit, Pope Francis issued the motu proprio 'Vos Estis Lux Mundi' in May 2019, outlining procedures for reporting and addressing sexual abuse allegations within the Church.
September 2019: Appointment of 13 New Cardinals
Pope Francis announced the appointment of 13 new cardinals after his weekly Sunday Angelus address on September 1, 2019.
October 2019: Canonization of John Henry Newman
Pope Francis canonized five new saints on October 13, 2019, including Cardinal John Henry Newman.
October 2019: Installation of New Cardinals
The 13 new cardinals appointed by Pope Francis were formally installed at a consistory on October 5, 2019.
2019: Synod on the Church in the Amazon Region and Apostolic Constitution Changes
Pope Francis convened the Synod on the Church in the Amazon region in 2019. This year also marked a change in how synod outcomes could become official teachings. With his apostolic constitution Episcopalis communio, Pope Francis enabled a synod's final document to become magisterial teaching with just papal approval, and he opened the door for direct laity input to the synod's secretary general.
2019: Pope Francis Declares Ecocide a Sin
In a powerful statement in 2019, Pope Francis declared ecocide, the destruction of the natural environment, a sin. He called for its recognition as a fifth category of crimes against peace by the international community, emphasizing the urgency of environmental protection.
2019: Conference on Social Media
In 2019, Pope Francis held a conference focusing on the benefits and drawbacks of social media, encouraging people to use it as a tool for liberation.
2019: Criticism for Silence on Hong Kong Protests
During the 2019 Hong Kong protests, Pope Francis faced criticism from Catholic clergy in Hong Kong, including Cardinal Joseph Zen, for not taking a stronger stance against China. His statement expressing a desire to visit China was met with disapproval.
2019: Portrayal in "The Two Popes"
Jonathan Pryce played Pope Francis in the film "The Two Popes" (2019), which also starred Anthony Hopkins as Pope Benedict XVI.
March 2020: Formation of Vatican COVID-19 Commission
On March 20, 2020, Pope Francis tasked the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development (DPIHD) with establishing a Vatican COVID-19 Commission. This commission aimed to address the global crisis caused by the pandemic and to propose solutions for the resulting socio-economic challenges.
March 2020: Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
During March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Pope Francis took several actions, including canceling general audiences to prevent the spread of the virus, urging priests to visit patients and healthcare workers, emphasizing care for the poor, offering prayers for those affected in China, and invoking the Blessed Virgin Mary for protection. He expressed disagreement with the closure of churches in Rome, advocating for continued spiritual support for the people.
September 2020: Criticism for Stance on China and Human Rights
Pope Francis faced criticism in September 2020 for his support of the Vatican-China agreement, with critics like Cardinal Joseph Zen and US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo expressing concerns about the impact on the Catholic Church in China and the Pope's moral authority. Pompeo urged Francis to condemn China's human rights violations.
September 2020: Publication of Apostolic Letter "Scripturae Sacrae Affectus"
Pope Francis published 'Scripturae Sacrae Affectus,' an apostolic letter commemorating the 16th centenary of St. Jerome's death, in September 2020.
October 2020: Publication of Encyclical "Fratelli Tutti"
Coinciding with the feast of St. Francis of Assisi, Pope Francis released the encyclical 'Fratelli Tutti' in October 2020, emphasizing fraternity, social friendship, and universal brotherhood.
October 2020: Premiere of Documentary "Francesco"
The documentary "Francesco," directed by Evgeny Afineevsky, premiered in October 2020.
November 2020: First Pope to Write for The New York Times
In November 2020, Pope Francis became the first pope to write an op-ed for The New York Times. He addressed the coronavirus pandemic and advocated for global solidarity. He also criticized those protesting COVID-19 restrictions.
November 2020: Sixth Consistory and Elevation of New Cardinals
Pope Francis created thirteen new cardinals on November 28, 2020. This consistory was notable for appointing the first cardinals to represent Brunei and Rwanda, the first African American cardinal, and the first Conventual Franciscan cardinal in almost 160 years.
December 2020: Publication of Apostolic Letter "Patris Corde" and Proclamation of Year of St. Joseph
On the Feast of the Immaculate Conception in December 2020, Pope Francis published 'Patris Corde' ('With a Father's Heart'), an apostolic letter. He also declared a 'Year of Saint Joseph' starting on that day and concluding on December 8, 2021, to commemorate the 150th anniversary of St. Joseph's proclamation as Patron of the Universal Church.
2020: Encyclical Fratelli tutti
In 2020, Pope Francis released his encyclical Fratelli tutti, in which he reiterated his stance against the death penalty, calling it "inadmissible" and urging a global rejection of this practice.
January 2021: Institution of Women to Ministries of Acolyte and Lector
In January 2021, Pope Francis made a significant step towards greater female participation in the Church by allowing bishops to formally appoint women to the roles of acolyte and lector. These roles, while already performed by women without formal institution in many parts of the world, were previously reserved for men. Francis clarified that these ministries differ fundamentally from those ordained clergy hold.
February 2021: Appointment of Women to Vatican Positions
Pope Francis appointed women to positions in the Vatican that were previously held exclusively by men in February 2021. Nathalie Becquart became the first co-undersecretary of the Synod of Bishops, and Catia Summaria became the first woman Promoter of Justice in the Vatican's Court of Appeals.
March 2021: Pope Francis Visits Iraq
Pope Francis made a historic visit to Iraq in March 2021, the first-ever papal visit to the country. The visit aimed to support the dwindling Christian communities in Mesopotamia, which have faced significant challenges due to years of conflict.
March 2021: Historic Meeting with Iraq's Top Shi'ite Cleric and Visit to Ur
Pope Francis's visit to Iraq in March 2021 was marked by a historic meeting with Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, Iraq's top Shi'ite cleric. He also visited Ur, the birthplace of the Prophet Abraham. During this visit, he advocated for peaceful coexistence and encouraged the Muslim and Christian communities to unite for peace.
April 2021: Equipollent Canonization of Margherita della Metola
On April 24, 2021, Pope Francis confirmed the equipollent canonization of Margherita della Metola.
May 2021: Call for Peace between Israel and Palestinians
In May 2021, during his Regina caeli address, Pope Francis called for peace between Israel and Palestine and urged an end to the ongoing clashes in Jerusalem.
June 2021: Publication of Apostolic Constitution "Pascite Gregem Dei"
Pope Francis published the apostolic constitution 'Pascite Gregem Dei' in June 2021.
July 2021: Pope Francis Issues "Traditionis Custodes", Restricting the Traditional Latin Mass
In July 2021, Pope Francis issued the apostolic letter "Traditionis Custodes", reversing his predecessor's stance and imposing restrictions on the use of the Traditional Latin Mass. The move sparked criticism from conservative Catholics who favored the older liturgy.
July 2021: Issuance of "Traditionis Custodes"
Pope Francis issued the motu proprio 'Traditionis Custodes' in July 2021. This document restricted the use of the 1962 Roman Missal (Tridentine Mass), superseding permissions granted by Pope Benedict XVI in 2007. Pope Francis aimed to promote unity within the Church through this decision.
August 2021: Resignation Rumors Due to Health
In August 2021, rumors spread about Pope Francis's possible resignation due to health concerns.
September 2021: Beatification of Stefan Wyszyński
Pope Francis approved the beatification of the prominent Polish cardinal Stefan Wyszyński on September 12, 2021.
September 2021: Dismissal of Resignation Rumors
Pope Francis dismissed rumors of his resignation in September 2021, stating that he was in good health.
September 2021: Defense of Dialogue with China on Bishop Appointments
Pope Francis publicly defended the importance of dialogue with China regarding the appointment of bishops in September 2021. He stated that maintaining dialogue, even if challenging, is crucial for improving the strained relationship with the Chinese government.
November 2021: Francis Thanks Journalists for Exposing Church Sex Abuse
In November 2021, Pope Francis expressed gratitude towards journalists for their role in uncovering child sexual abuse scandals within the church. He acknowledged their contribution in preventing cover-ups and giving a voice to the victims.
November 2021: Tribute to Fallen Soldiers and Call for Global Peace
On All Souls' Day in November 2021, Pope Francis visited a war cemetery in Rome to honor fallen soldiers from World War I and II. He recognized their sacrifices, praised them for "fighting for their homeland and values," and called for peace worldwide.
December 2021: Conclusion of the Year of St. Joseph
The "Year of St. Joseph," proclaimed by Pope Francis to commemorate the 150th anniversary of St. Joseph becoming the Patron of the Universal Church, concluded in December 2021.
January 2022: Annual Speech to Vatican Ambassadors
In January 2022, during his annual address to Vatican ambassadors, Pope Francis spoke out against the death penalty, arguing that it fails to serve justice and only perpetuates a cycle of vengeance. He emphasized its ineffectiveness as a deterrent and its failure to provide true justice for victims.
January 2022: Saint Irenaeus of Lyon Named Doctor of the Church
Pope Francis approved the suggestion to name Saint Irenaeus of Lyon as the 37th Doctor of the Church on January 20, 2022, and formally conferred the title upon him on January 21, 2022.
February 2022: Response to the Russo-Ukrainian War
Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Pope Francis engaged in diplomatic efforts by visiting the Russian embassy in Rome and speaking with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, expressing a desire for peace and negotiations.
April 2022: Easter Services with Ukrainian Officials
Pope Francis held Easter services in April 2022, which were attended by Melitopol mayor Ivan Fedorov and Ukrainian politicians Maria Mezentseva, Olena Khomenko, and Rusem Umerov.
May 2022: Comments on the Russo-Ukrainian War
In mid-May 2022, Pope Francis suggested that Russia's invasion of Ukraine might have been "provoked or not prevented," causing controversy for appearing to assign blame. He clarified that he was not "pro-Putin" but cautioned against simplifying the conflict.
June 2022: Cancellation of Trips Due to Health
Pope Francis had to cancel trips in June 2022 because of his health, raising further concerns.
July 2022: Apology for the Catholic Church's Role in Residential Schools
During a visit to a former residential school site in Canada in July 2022, Pope Francis issued a formal apology for the Catholic Church's involvement in the operation of residential schools, expressing "deep sorrow" for the harm inflicted upon Indigenous communities. In a gesture of reconciliation, he was presented with a feathered headdress by four chiefs, making him an honorary leader of the community.
July 2022: Denial of Resignation Rumors but Acknowledging Potential Health Concerns
In July 2022, Pope Francis denied rumors of resigning but acknowledged that he would step down if his health prevented him from fulfilling his duties.
July 2022: Apostolic Journey to Canada and Apology to Indigenous Peoples
Pope Francis embarked on an apostolic journey to Canada in July 2022, during which he expressed deep remorse, indignation, and shame for the Catholic Church's role in the abuse of Indigenous children within residential school systems. He condemned the Church's involvement in "cultural genocide" and forced assimilation. He pledged a thorough investigation into the history of these abuses and committed to addressing this painful legacy.
August 2022: Remarks on the Death of Darya Dugina
On August 24, 2022, Pope Francis referred to the death of Darya Dugina, daughter of a Russian ultranationalist, as an example of innocents suffering in war. This statement drew criticism from Ukraine, which argued that Dugina was a supporter of Russian imperialism.
September 2022: Support for Ukraine's Right to Defense
In September 2022, Pope Francis affirmed Ukraine's right to self-defense while also stressing the necessity of dialogue, even if unpleasant, with the aggressor. He described Ukrainians as victims of brutality and torture.
September 2022: Beatification of Pope John Paul I
Pope Francis beatified Pope John Paul I on September 4, 2022.
October 2022: Direct Appeal for Peace
On October 2, 2022, Pope Francis directly appealed to Russian President Vladimir Putin to stop the war, warning of the catastrophic global consequences of nuclear escalation. He urged Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to consider peace proposals, acknowledging Ukraine's suffering from the "aggression."
October 2022: Premiere of Documentary "The Letter: A Message for our Earth"
The documentary "The Letter: A Message for our Earth," focusing on Pope Francis's environmental encyclical, premiered in October 2022.
November 2022: French Cardinal Admits to Sexual Abuse, Francis Responds
In November 2022, French Cardinal Jean-Pierre Ricard confessed to sexually abusing a 14-year-old girl in the 1980s. This led to a French investigation and a statement from Pope Francis, who condemned such actions as "against priestly nature, and also against social nature."
November 2022: Controversial Remarks on Russian Troops
In November 2022, Pope Francis sparked controversy by suggesting in an interview that Chechen and Buryat soldiers, being non-ethnic Russians, were particularly cruel in the Ukraine war. His comments were condemned by Russia as "perversion" and criticized by others as racist and lacking evidence. Notably, he also stated, "Certainly, the one who invades is the Russian state. This is very clear."
2022: Apology for the Church's Role in Cultural Genocide
In a significant event in 2022, Pope Francis issued an apology for the Catholic Church's role in the cultural genocide of Indigenous peoples in Canada.
January 2023: Condemnation of Criminalization of Homosexuality
In January 2023, Pope Francis denounced the criminalization of homosexuality as "unjust" and urged the Catholic Church to actively work towards its abolition. He stressed the importance of differentiating between sin and crime and encouraged bishops who support such laws to reconsider their stance.
February 2023: Shifting Away From Resignation Rumors, Advocating for Peace in DRC
During his trip to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in February 2023, Pope Francis distanced himself from resignation rumors and urged people to choose peace over violence.
March 2023: Hospitalization and Recovery
Pope Francis was hospitalized with a respiratory infection in March 2023. He made a recovery and returned to lead public mass on Holy Saturday.
April 2023: Vatican's Secret Peace Mission
On April 30, 2023, Pope Francis revealed that the Vatican was involved in a confidential "peace mission" to try to bring an end to the war in Ukraine.
April 2023: Women Voting at Synod of Bishops
In a historic decision in April 2023, Pope Francis declared that 35 women would have voting rights at the Sixteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, constituting slightly over 10% of the total voting body. This marked a groundbreaking moment as it was the first instance of women being granted voting privileges in any Catholic Synod of Bishops.
April 2023: Celebrating Mass in Hungary
In April 2023, during a visit to Hungary, Pope Francis led Holy Mass in Budapest's Kossuth square.
June 2023: Abdominal Surgery and Recovery
Pope Francis underwent abdominal surgery for a hernia in June 2023 and spent several days recovering in the hospital.
August 2023: Praise for Russia's Imperial Past
Pope Francis caused controversy in August 2023 by praising Russia's imperial past during a video conference with Russian Catholic youth. While the Vatican clarified that he didn't intend to endorse modern Russian aggression, his remarks about Peter I and Catherine II, who oppressed Ukrainian and Polish national movements, were poorly received.
October 2023: Apostolic Exhortation Laudate Deum
In October 2023, Pope Francis released Laudate Deum, an apostolic exhortation urging decisive action against climate change and condemning climate change denial.
October 2023: Condemnation of Violence in Israel-Hamas Conflict
Pope Francis condemned Hamas's attacks on Israel in October 2023, while also criticizing Israel's actions in Gaza, stating that "terror should not justify terror." He condemned the killing of Palestinian civilians, including two Christian women, by Israeli forces, labeling it as "terrorism." Throughout the conflict, he consistently called for an immediate ceasefire, the release of all hostages, and a two-state solution.
October 2023: Synod on Synodality
Pope Francis convened the Synod on Synodality in October 2023, aiming to foster dialogue and participation within the Catholic Church.
October 2023: Synod on Synodality
Pope Francis initiated the Synod on Synodality in October 2023, an event regarded as both a culmination of his papacy and a pivotal moment for the Church, potentially the most significant since the Second Vatican Council.
November 2023: Apostolic Exhortation Laudate Deum and COP28 Attendance Cancellation
Leading up to the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), Pope Francis released Laudate Deum, an apostolic exhortation urging swift action to address the climate crisis and condemning climate change denial. Initially planning to attend COP28, marking the first papal visit to the conference, he unfortunately had to cancel due to illness in late November.
December 2023: Pope Francis Reveals Burial Wishes
Pope Francis revealed in December 2023 that he wished to be buried outside the Vatican, near the Salus populi Romani icon at the Santa Maria Maggiore basilica in Rome. He would be the first pope since Pope Leo XIII to be laid to rest outside the Vatican.
December 2023: Vatican Issues "Fiducia Supplicans", Clarifying Treatment of "Irregular Relationships"
The Vatican, under Pope Francis's approval, issued the declaration "Fiducia Supplicans" in December 2023. The document aimed to clarify the Church's approach to "irregular relationships," particularly allowing priests to perform "spontaneous blessings" for same-sex couples and other unmarried couples. This decision ignited strong opposition from conservative factions within the Church.
2023: Dialogue on Female Priests and Deaconesses
In 2023, Pope Francis initiated discussions exploring the possibility of women serving as priests and deaconesses within the Catholic Church. While acknowledging the existing tradition of reserving holy orders for men, he emphasized in an interview that women's roles in the Church hold significant importance, suggesting a nuanced perspective on women's participation in ministry.
January 2024: Weekly general audience
During his weekly general audience in January 2024, Pope Francis discussed sex, characterizing sexual pleasure as a "gift from God" that requires "discipline with patience." He expressed concern about the negative impact of pornography, describing it as a source of "satisfaction without relationship" that can lead to addiction. Francis also emphasized that Christianity does not condemn the sexual instinct, recognizing the purity of love between individuals.
January 2024: African Bishops Reject Same-Sex Couple Blessings Outlined in "Fiducia Supplicans"
In January 2024, African bishops, represented by SECAM, publicly rejected the Vatican's declaration allowing blessings for same-sex couples, as outlined in "Fiducia Supplicans". They argued that such practices would lead to scandals within the African context.
February 2024: Milei Softens Stance on Pope Francis and Visits the Vatican
Despite previously criticizing Pope Francis, Argentine President Javier Milei softened his stance upon taking office and invited the Pope to Argentina. In February 2024, Milei visited the Vatican on the day Francis canonized the first female Argentine saint.
February 2024: Call for Negotiation and Controversy
In February 2024, Pope Francis stated that those who negotiate for peace are stronger, a comment interpreted by some as urging Ukraine to surrender. This sparked criticism from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock.
2024: Planetary Protocol for Climate Change Resilience
Pope Francis organized a climate summit in 2024 that resulted in the issuance of the Planetary Protocol for Climate Change Resilience, a comprehensive framework aimed at mitigating climate change and promoting global resilience. This protocol focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, adapting to climate change impacts, and fostering societal transformation for a sustainable future.