History of Cloud computing in Timeline

Cloud computing enables the on-demand access to computing resources such as data storage and processing power without the need for direct user management. It often involves distributing functionalities across multiple data centers in large cloud infrastructures. By sharing resources, cloud computing provides a cohesive experience and generally follows a pay-as-you-go model. This model can help reduce capital expenditures but might also result in unforeseen operating costs for users.

1994: The Cloud Metaphor for Virtualized Services

In 1994, the metaphor of the "cloud" for virtualized services was introduced by General Magic, describing how mobile agents in the Telescript environment could navigate different 'places'. This metaphor was credited to David Hoffman, a communications specialist.

1996: Compaq's Business Plan for Cloud Computing

In 1996, Compaq Computer Corporation created a business plan that popularized the term "cloud computing". The plan envisioned the success of online consumer file storage and positioned Compaq to sell server hardware to Internet service providers.

2002: Establishment of Amazon Web Services (AWS)

In 2002, Amazon Web Services (AWS) was established, marking a significant development in cloud computing by enabling developers to create applications independently.

2006: Launch of Google Docs Beta and Amazon S3

In 2006, the beta version of Google Docs was released alongside Amazon's Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) and Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), expanding the accessibility and functionality of cloud services.

2008: NASA's Open-Source Cloud Software Development

In 2008, NASA developed the first open-source software for deploying private and hybrid clouds, enhancing the flexibility and adoption of cloud technology.

2010: Launch of Microsoft Azure and OpenStack

In 2010, Microsoft launched its Azure cloud service, while Rackspace Hosting and NASA introduced OpenStack, an open-source cloud-software project, marking significant advancements in cloud service offerings.

2011: Introduction of IBM SmartCloud Framework

In 2011, IBM introduced the SmartCloud framework, expanding IBM's cloud service offerings and enhancing its competitive position in the cloud market.

2011: NIST's Definition of Cloud Computing

In 2011, the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology defined cloud computing by identifying five essential characteristics, contributing to a standardized understanding of the technology.

2011: Rise of Mobile Backend as a Service (MBaaS)

In 2011, the concept of Mobile Backend as a Service (MBaaS) gained traction, providing developers with APIs and SDKs for integrating cloud storage and services, indicating a trend towards cloud-based app development.

2012: Launch of Oracle Cloud

In 2012, Oracle announced the launch of Oracle Cloud, expanding its services into the cloud computing market and offering new solutions to its customer base.

2012: European Commission's Elusive Cloud Computing Definition

In 2012, the European Commission issued a communication highlighting the challenge of defining cloud computing due to its broad scope, contrasting with the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology's 2011 definition that focused on five essential characteristics.

October 2014: Dropbox Security Breach

In October 2014, Dropbox experienced a significant security breach, resulting in over seven million user passwords being stolen, highlighting vulnerabilities in cloud security.

2016: Launch of Penguin Computing's HPC Cloud

In 2016, Penguin Computing launched its HPC cloud service, offering a pay-as-you-go model for high-performance computing, providing an alternative to Amazon's virtualized EC2 service.

December 2019: Launch of AWS Outposts

In December 2019, Amazon launched AWS Outposts, a service that extends AWS infrastructure and services to customer data centers and on-premises facilities, increasing AWS's reach and integration capabilities.

2020: Surge in Cloud Technology Popularity Amidst Global Pandemic

Since the global pandemic in 2020, cloud technology surged in popularity due to its data security and flexible working options, particularly benefiting remote workers.

2022: Increased Enterprise IT Spending on Cloud Services

In 2022, enterprise IT spending on cloud services surpassed $1.3 trillion, indicating a significant shift towards cloud-based infrastructure and services, with expectations to grow further by 2025.

2022: Trojan Horse Injection Threat in Cloud Computing

In 2022, research revealed that the Trojan horse injection method posed a serious threat to cloud computing systems, emphasizing the need for enhanced security measures.