"The Greatest", Muhammad Ali, was an American boxer and activist who's considered one of the 20th century's most influential sports figures. He is widely regarded as the greatest heavyweight boxer ever, holding multiple championship titles throughout the 1960s and 1970s. His impact extended beyond boxing, earning him accolades like Sportsman of the Century.
In 1912, Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr., the father of Muhammad Ali, was born. He was named after a 19th-century abolitionist from Kentucky, reflecting a legacy of social justice and activism that would later be seen in Ali's life.
In 1917, Odessa O'Grady Clay, the mother of Muhammad Ali, was born. She played a significant role in Ali's upbringing, raising him and his brother as Baptists despite her husband's Methodist background.
On January 17, 1942, Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr., later known as Muhammad Ali, was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He would grow up to become one of the most celebrated and influential athletes in the world, known for his achievements in boxing and his activism.
In 1954, Muhammad Ali made his amateur boxing debut against Ronnie O'Keefe, winning by split decision. This marked the beginning of his journey in boxing, which would lead to a stellar career.
In 1955, the murder of Emmett Till deeply affected young Muhammad Ali, contributing to his awareness of racial injustices and fueling his later activism. This incident was a formative moment in Ali's understanding of racial inequality.
In February 1957, during his amateur boxing career, a young Cassius Clay crossed paths with Angelo Dundee, a meeting that would shape the future of boxing history. This encounter marked the beginning of a long and fruitful partnership.
In 1959, Muhammad Ali first learned about the Nation of Islam while participating in the Golden Gloves tournament in Chicago. This marked the beginning of his interest in the religious movement.
On October 29, 1960, Muhammad Ali made his professional boxing debut, winning against Tunney Hunsaker. This victory marked the start of an illustrious professional boxing career.
In 1960, Cassius Clay made the significant decision to part ways with his trainer, Fred Stoner, due in part to disagreements over Clay's training regimen and personal responsibilities. Clay then sought out Angelo Dundee, whom he had met in 1957, to become his new trainer, marking the start of their legendary partnership. This period also saw Clay's ambitious, albeit unsuccessful, attempt to secure his boxing idol, Sugar Ray Robinson, as his manager. These events underscore the pivotal shifts and strategic decisions made early in his career, setting the stage for his meteoric rise.
In 1960, Muhammad Ali won an Olympic gold medal in Rome and later that year made his professional boxing debut, setting the stage for a legendary career in the sport.
In 1960, at the age of 18, Muhammad Ali won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the Summer Olympics in Rome, showcasing his early talent and potential in boxing.
After 1961, Muhammad Ali converted to Islam, a significant personal transformation that influenced his identity and public life.
In 1961, Muhammad Ali attended his first Nation of Islam meeting. He continued attending meetings discreetly, marking the start of his association with the organization.
In 1961, a pivotal meeting occurred between Cassius Clay, soon to be known as Muhammad Ali, and professional wrestler "Gorgeous George" Wagner in Las Vegas. This encounter profoundly impacted Clay's approach to boxing, as he witnessed firsthand how Wagner's captivating showmanship and trash-talking drew massive crowds and amplified fan engagement.
In 1962, on his 18th birthday, Muhammad Ali registered for conscription in the United States military and was classified as 1-A.
In 1962, Muhammad Ali defeated veteran boxer and former trainer Archie Moore, further cementing his reputation as a rising star in the boxing world.
In 1962, Muhammad Ali met Malcolm X, who became his mentor. By the first Liston fight, Ali had joined the Nation of Islam, a fact revealed by The Miami Herald, and Malcolm X was part of his entourage.
In 1962, Muhammad Ali appeared in a cameo role in the film 'Requiem for a Heavyweight'. This was one of his early forays into acting during his boxing career.
On March 13, 1963, Muhammad Ali fought Doug Jones at Madison Square Garden. Despite a challenging bout, Ali won by unanimous decision, although the verdict was controversial and met with boos from the audience. The fight was later named 'Fight of the Year' by The Ring magazine.
By late 1963, Cassius Clay had solidified his position as the top contender for Sonny Liston's heavyweight title, setting the stage for one of boxing's most anticipated showdowns.
By the end of 1963, Muhammad Ali had an undefeated professional record of 19-0, with 15 wins by knockout, establishing himself as a formidable force in the boxing world.
In 1963, Muhammad Ali released 'I Am the Greatest!', a spoken word album that showcased his charisma and talent beyond the boxing ring. This album was later nominated for a Grammy Award.
In 1963, Muhammad Ali released 'I Am the Greatest', an album of spoken word music on Columbia Records. It was a precursor to rap and hip hop, showcasing Ali's influence beyond sports.
Lonnie Williams and Muhammad Ali first crossed paths in 1963 when Lonnie's family relocated to Louisville.
Muhammad Ali's first appearance on the cover of Sports Illustrated took place in 1963, marking the beginning of numerous cover features throughout his illustrious career.
On February 25, 1964, Muhammad Ali defeated Sonny Liston in a major upset to win the world heavyweight championship at the age of 22. This victory marked the beginning of his legendary status in boxing.
Muhammad Ali married Sonji Roi on August 14, 1964. Their relationship began after a brief courtship.
In 1964, boxer Cleveland Williams, known for his powerful punches, was shot at close range by a Texas policeman. This tragic event resulted in Williams losing a kidney and a significant portion of his small intestine, significantly impacting his boxing career and overall health.
In 1964, Muhammad Ali was reclassified as Class 1-Y (fit for service only during national emergencies) after failing the U.S. Armed Forces qualifying test due to his dyslexia, which affected his writing and spelling skills.
In 1964, after winning the championship from Sonny Liston, the Nation of Islam accepted Muhammad Ali, and he was renamed by Elijah Muhammad. He moved to Chicago, living near the Nation's Mosque Maryam.
In 1964, Muhammad Ali recorded a cover of the song 'Stand by Me', further demonstrating his musical interests. This year also saw his album 'I Am the Greatest' nominated for a Grammy.
In 1964, Muhammad Ali began his visits to Africa, starting with Nigeria and Ghana, marking the beginning of his connection with the continent.
In 1964, Muhammad Ali, then still known as Cassius Clay, held the Ring magazine heavyweight title, marking the beginning of a period where he established himself as one of the top heavyweight boxers globally.
The much-anticipated rematch between Muhammad Ali and Sonny Liston took place in May 1965 in Lewiston, Maine, after a six-month postponement due to Ali's hernia surgery. The fight itself was shrouded in controversy, primarily due to the first-round knockdown of Liston from a punch so swift and seemingly effortless that it was dubbed the "phantom punch." The incident, coupled with the referee's delayed count and Ali's refusal to retreat to a neutral corner, fueled heated debates about the legitimacy of the knockout and Ali's victory. Despite the controversy, this fight solidified Ali's dominance in the ring and added another layer to his already polarizing public image.
On November 22, 1965, Muhammad Ali faced former heavyweight champion Floyd Patterson in the ring. The bout was marked by Ali's relentless taunting of Patterson for refusing to acknowledge his name change and for his fighting style. Ali's victory, while decisive, drew criticism for his seemingly lackluster performance and accusations of toying with an injured Patterson. This fight further fueled the debate surrounding Ali's boxing style and his often-provocative behavior inside and outside the ring.
Ali's first marriage ended in divorce on January 10, 1966, amidst conflicts related to religious differences and lifestyle choices.
In March 1966, Ali's refusal to be inducted into the armed forces led to a nationwide ban on his boxing license and the revocation of his passport, marking the beginning of a forced hiatus from his career.
Scheduled for March 29, 1966, in Chicago, the bout between Muhammad Ali and WBA heavyweight champion Ernie Terrell was abruptly canceled after Ali refused to be inducted into the U.S. Army, citing his religious beliefs and opposition to the Vietnam War. This act of defiance, rooted in Ali's growing commitment to social justice and his outspoken criticism of racial inequality in America, sparked national outrage and led to him being stripped of his title. The Illinois Athletic Commission's decision to refuse sanction for the fight, citing technicalities, further intensified the controversy surrounding Ali's stance.
On November 14, 1966, Muhammad Ali returned to the boxing ring following his suspension for refusing induction into the U.S. Army. He faced Cleveland Williams at the Astrodome in Houston, drawing a record-breaking indoor crowd. Ali's performance in this fight is often regarded as one of his most masterful, showcasing his speed, agility, and strategic dominance. His third-round technical knockout victory over Williams marked a triumphant return to the sport and solidified his position as a force to be reckoned with in the boxing world.
Muhammad Ali helped popularize the phrase "Different strokes for different folks" in 1966, which went on to inspire the title of the NBC sitcom "Diff'rent Strokes."
In late 1966, Muhammad Ali pledged to donate $100,000 to the United Negro College Fund, using proceeds from his fight against Cleveland Williams and ensuring access to his fights for HBCUs.
In 1966, Muhammad Ali publicly declared his refusal to be drafted into the U.S. military, citing his religious beliefs and opposition to the Vietnam War.
Due to lowered standards, Ali was reclassified as 1-A in 1966, making him eligible for the draft during the Vietnam War, a period of significant conflict with the white establishment.
Muhammad Ali's 1966 bout against George Chuvalo became the subject of the 2003 documentary film "The Last Round: Chuvalo vs. Ali."
The fight between Muhammad Ali and Ernie Terrell, held on February 6, 1967, was marred by controversy and accusations of unsportsmanlike conduct. Ali, angered by Terrell's persistent use of his former name, Cassius Clay, seemed determined to punish his opponent, inflicting a brutal beating over 15 rounds. Critics condemned Ali's behavior, characterizing the fight as cruel and unsportsmanlike, further adding fuel to the fire of public opinion surrounding his arrogance and controversial actions.
In March 1967, Ali's boxing career was put on hold as he faced legal challenges and was barred from fighting due to his refusal to be drafted.
On April 28, 1967, Ali refused induction into the U.S. Armed Forces, leading to his arrest. The same day, his boxing license was suspended, and his world title was stripped.
On June 4, 1967, prominent African-American athletes, including Jim Brown and Bill Russell, assembled with Ali at the "Cleveland Summit" to discuss his stance on the draft and decide whether to support him.
On June 20, 1967, Ali was found guilty of violating Selective Service laws. After an appeal, the case went to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1971.
On August 17, 1967, Ali married Belinda Boyd, who later adopted the name Khalilah Ali. They had met earlier in life through their shared faith.
In 1967, Muhammad Ali refused to be drafted into the military due to his religious beliefs and opposition to the Vietnam War. This led to his conviction for draft evasion and the stripping of his boxing titles, marking a critical moment in his life and career.
In 1967, Muhammad Ali became the largest single black donor to the United Negro College Fund, donating $10,000, highlighting his commitment to education and philanthropy.
Ali's popularization of the quote "Different strokes for different folks" in 1966 inspired the title of Syl Johnson's 1967 song "Different Strokes," a track that has become one of the most sampled in the history of pop music.
Ali's use of rhyme and spoken word poetry in boxing influenced the black poetic tradition, paving the way for groups like The Last Poets in 1968.
Maryum "May May" Ali, Ali's daughter with Belinda Boyd, was born in 1968.
In 1969, while banned from sanctioned bouts, Ali participated in a filmed sparring session with retired champion Rocky Marciano. The footage was later edited and released as a simulated fight with different outcomes for different regions.
In 1969, during his exile from boxing, Muhammad Ali starred in the Broadway musical 'Buck White'. This marked a unique period in his career as he explored acting on stage.
During an interview in 1969, Muhammad Ali opened up about the inspiration behind his iconic trash-talking style in the boxing ring. He directly credited professional wrestler "Gorgeous George" Wagner, whom he had met in Las Vegas in 1961, for demonstrating the power of self-promotion and captivating audiences through audacious persona and verbal sparring. Ali's embrace of this strategy, transforming himself into a self-proclaimed "big-mouth and a bragger," played a significant role in building his public image and attracting immense attention to his matches.
On August 11, 1970, while his case was still under appeal, Ali was granted a license to box by the City of Atlanta Athletic Commission, marking a significant step towards his return to professional boxing.
In October 1970, Ali's boxing hiatus came to an end, allowing him to return to the ring after more than three years away from professional fighting.
Ali and Belinda welcomed twins, Jamillah and Rasheda, in 1970.
Ali's high earning period in boxing began around 1970.
His rhyming style also influenced musicians like Gil Scott-Heron in 1970 and the emergence of rap music in the 1970s.
In 1970, Muhammad Ali's reign as the Ring magazine heavyweight titleholder came to an end. This period was marked by his dominance in the boxing world and his rise as a cultural icon.
In 1970, civil rights leader Ralph Abernathy honored Ali with the annual Martin Luther King Award, recognizing his embodiment of "soul power" and commitment to justice, peace, and unity.
In 1970, the edited versions of Ali's simulated fight against Rocky Marciano were shown in theaters, presenting a unique spectacle for boxing fans during Ali's hiatus from sanctioned fights.
On March 8, 1971, Muhammad Ali faced Joe Frazier at Madison Square Garden in what was dubbed the "Fight of the Century." This highly anticipated match pitted two undefeated heavyweights against each other, with both claiming the title of champion. The fight was a global spectacle, broadcast in 36 countries and covered by a massive press contingent.
On June 28, 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Ali's conviction in an 8-0 decision (Justice Thurgood Marshall recused himself). The Court found that the appeal board had not provided sufficient reasoning for denying Ali's conscientious objector exemption, leading to the reversal.
Muhammad Ali, captivated by the serenity of Pennsylvania's countryside during his training for the "Fight of the Century," decided to establish a permanent training camp. In 1971, he found a five-acre haven in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania. This location would become his training ground for all his fights, from 1972 until his retirement in 1981.
In 1971, the anticipation surrounding Ali's "Fight of the Century" against Joe Frazier was exploited by an activist group to expose the FBI's illegal surveillance operations on activists, including Ali himself.
In 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to review Ali's conviction for refusing to be drafted, marking a significant development in his legal battle.
In 1971, basketball legend Wilt Chamberlain challenged Muhammad Ali to a boxing match, scheduled for July 26. Despite Chamberlain's imposing height and weight advantage, Ali's psychological tactics, including taunts of "Timber!" and "The tree will fall," rattled Chamberlain. This, coupled with pressure from Lakers owner Jack Kent Cooke, led to the fight's cancellation. Ali instead fought Jimmy Ellis, a childhood friend, winning by technical knockout in the twelfth round.
In 1971, Muhammad Ali's conviction for draft evasion was overturned by the Supreme Court, allowing him to return to boxing after a nearly four-year hiatus, during which he became a symbol of resistance and civil rights.
In 1971, Ali's conviction for refusing to be drafted was overturned, removing a significant legal obstacle that had impacted his boxing career.
Following his loss to Joe Frazier, Muhammad Ali embarked on a six-fight winning streak in 1972, defeating opponents like Jerry Quarry, Floyd Patterson, and Bob Foster. This period marked a return to form for Ali and set the stage for future championship bouts.
In 1972, Muhammad Ali agreed to a rematch with Floyd Patterson, who was facing financial difficulties. It's believed that Ali orchestrated this fight to assist Patterson in earning money to settle a debt with the IRS, demonstrating a compassionate side often overshadowed by his public persona.
In 1972, Muhammad Ali appeared in the documentary film 'Black Rodeo', showcasing his diverse interests by riding a horse and a bull.
In 1972, Muhammad Ali went on his first Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, which profoundly influenced him. The experience offered a broader perspective and spiritual enlightenment.
Miya, Ali's daughter from another extramarital relationship with Patricia Harvell, was born in 1972.
Muhammad Ali Jr., Ali's son with Belinda Boyd, was born in 1972.
In 1973, during his fight with Ken Norton, Muhammad Ali suffered a broken jaw, marking his second professional loss. Despite this setback and thoughts of retirement, Ali's determination led him to a controversial victory in a rematch against Norton.
On January 28, 1974, Muhammad Ali faced Joe Frazier for the second time at Madison Square Garden. This rematch, fueled by their intense rivalry and the fact that Frazier had recently lost his title to George Foreman, was a pivotal moment in both boxers' careers.
Khaliah, Ali's daughter with Wanda Bolton (later known as Aaisha Ali), was born in June 1974 during Ali's extramarital relationship with Bolton.
On October 30, 1974, Muhammad Ali fought George Foreman in Kinshasa, Zaire, in a match known as the "Rumble in the Jungle." Foreman, known for his punching power, was heavily favored. Despite doubts surrounding his age and speed, Ali defied expectations and knocked out Foreman in the eighth round to reclaim the heavyweight title.
In 1974, Muhammad Ali visited a Palestinian refugee camp in Southern Lebanon, expressing support for the Palestinian struggle and criticizing the U.S. stance on Zionism and imperialism.
In 1974, Muhammad Ali became the undisputed heavyweight boxing champion, a title that reinforced his position as one of the greatest boxers in history.
Between 1974 and 1980, it is estimated that 1 to 2 billion people around the world tuned in to watch Muhammad Ali's fights, solidifying his status as a global sporting icon.
Between 1974 and 1980, Muhammad Ali's boxing matches were among the most-watched television broadcasts globally, drawing an estimated 1–2 billion viewers and setting live television viewership records at the time.
In 1974, Ali stated that he would defend America in a real war but believed the Vietnam War was unjust, highlighting the complexities of his stance and the treatment of Black veterans.
The "Thrilla in Manila," held on October 1, 1975, marked the final chapter in the Ali-Frazier trilogy. This grueling fight in sweltering heat pushed both boxers to their limits. Though Ali absorbed significant punishment, he ultimately won by TKO in the 14th round when Frazier's trainer refused to let him continue.
Ali acquired a home in Berrien Springs, Michigan, in 1975, a property that would later be sold following his death.
Construction of the Ali Mall began in 1975, inspired by Ali's victory against Joe Frazier.
In 1975, Muhammad Ali published his autobiography, recalling an event where he allegedly threw his Olympic gold medal into the Ohio River in protest against racial discrimination. This story, though disputed, highlights Ali's stance against racism.
In 1975, Muhammad Ali's autobiography 'The Greatest: My Own Story', co-written with Richard Durham, was published, offering insights into his life and career.
On February 2, 1976, Muhammad Ali added another victory to his record by defeating Jean-Pierre Coopman with a fifth-round knockout. It was a non-title fight.
Muhammad Ali faced Jimmy Young on April 30, 1976, in a fight that ended in a controversial unanimous decision in Ali's favor. Many observers, including commentator Howard Cosell, noted Ali's unusual timing issues during the fight.
On May 24, 1976, Muhammad Ali showcased a unique technique taught by Taekwondo Grandmaster Jhoon Rhee, dubbed the "Accupunch," in his bout against Richard Dunn. This fight marked Ali's final knockout victory, securing his win in the fifth round.
On June 1, 1976, Muhammad Ali confronted wrestler Gorilla Monsoon after a match in Philadelphia. Ali entered the ring but was playfully subdued by Monsoon, adding to his larger-than-life persona.
On June 26, 1976, Ali participated in a unique exhibition bout against Japanese wrestler and martial artist Antonio Inoki. The fight, held in Tokyo, resulted in a draw but is remembered for its controversial rules and lasting impact on Ali's health.
Following a controversial decision victory against Ken Norton at Yankee Stadium in September 1976, Muhammad Ali announced his retirement from boxing. This decision coincided with his conversion to Sunni Islam, marking a significant shift in his personal and spiritual life.
In 1976, Muhammad Ali released another spoken word album, 'The Adventures of Ali and His Gang vs. Mr. Tooth Decay', which also received a Grammy nomination, highlighting his influence in popular culture.
The Ali Mall in Quezon City, Philippines, opened in 1976, named after Ali. The "Muhammad Ali vs. Antonio Inoki" fight in 1976 played a significant role in developing mixed martial arts in Japan.
In 1976, Muhammad Ali received a Grammy nomination for 'The Adventures of Ali and His Gang vs. Mr. Tooth Decay', a spoken word novelty record for children, highlighting his diverse talents.
In 1976, Muhammad Ali faced Antonio Inoki in a mixed martial arts match. This event was part of Ali's foray into wrestling, showcasing his willingness to cross into different sports arenas.
In 1976, there was an African-led boycott of the Olympics to protest Apartheid in South Africa, a context that Muhammad Ali would later encounter during his diplomatic efforts in 1980.
In May 1977, Muhammad Ali returned to the ring after a brief retirement, defeating Alfredo Evangelista. However, his next fight against Earnie Shavers raised concerns about his health. Ali absorbed several powerful blows to the head, prompting his longtime doctor, Ferdie Pacheco, to urge retirement due to concerns about kidney damage. Ali disregarded this advice and continued his boxing career.
Laila Ali, who would go on to become a professional boxer, was born to Muhammad Ali and Veronica Porché in December 1977.
In 1977, Muhammad Ali expanded his creative pursuits by painting several artworks at the request of Rodney Hilton Brown, a New York City gallery owner.
Osmon Williams, who claimed to be Muhammad Ali's biological son, was born in 1977. This claim was part of a legal case that began in 1981 but was eventually dismissed.
In 1977, Muhammad Ali's autobiography 'The Greatest' was adapted into a film, with Ali playing himself. This project further showcased his multifaceted talents.
In 1977, Muhammad Ali expressed his intent to dedicate his retired life to spiritual readiness, charitable causes, and promoting peace, stating his goal was to prepare to meet God.
In February 1978, Muhammad Ali faced Leon Spinks, a relatively inexperienced boxer, at the Hilton Hotel in Las Vegas. Ali, visibly out of shape, lost the fight by split decision, marking a significant upset. However, a rematch in September 1978 at the Superdome in New Orleans drew a record-breaking crowd and saw Ali reclaim the heavyweight title, becoming the first boxer to achieve this feat three times.
In 1978, Muhammad Ali was surprised and honored as the subject of the British television program "This Is Your Life," hosted by Eamonn Andrews.
In 1978, Muhammad Ali visited Bangladesh and received honorary citizenship. He also participated in The Longest Walk in support of Native American rights, alongside celebrities like Stevie Wonder and Marlon Brando.
In 1978, Muhammad Ali starred in 'Freedom Road', portraying Gideon Jackson, a former slave and Civil War soldier. This rare acting role highlighted his versatility beyond boxing.
In 1978, Muhammad Ali expressed his opposition to women's boxing, stating that women are not meant to be hit in the breast and face. Despite this, he later changed his views and supported his daughter Laila's boxing career.
In 1978, Ali received tributes in Louisville, including the proclamation of "Year of Ali" and the renaming of Walnut Street to Muhammad Ali Boulevard, though the latter decision faced some controversy.
By 1978, Ali's estimated fight earnings neared $60 million, with $47.45 million grossed between 1970 and 1978.
Despite his earnings, in 1978, Ali revealed he was "broke" attributing it to taxes, management fees, lifestyle expenses, and charitable giving.
By 1978, Muhammad Ali's time as the undisputed heavyweight champion came to a close. This period solidified his storied career and his enduring influence in the sport.
On July 27, 1979, Muhammad Ali announced his retirement from boxing, concluding a career filled with iconic moments. However, driven by financial needs, he later announced a comeback to challenge Larry Holmes for the WBC belt. This decision, met with concern from those who believed Ali was past his prime, ultimately proved ill-advised.
In 1979, Muhammad Ali held the titles of WBA and Ring heavyweight champion. This achievement marked another milestone in Ali's illustrious boxing career.
Muhammad Ali made a guest appearance as himself in an episode of the NBC sitcom "Diff'rent Strokes" in 1979.
In 1979, Ali stepped into the ring for an exhibition match against NFL player Lyle Alzado. The eight-round bout ended in a draw.
On July 31, 1980, despite experiencing health issues and after undergoing evaluations at the Mayo Clinic, the Nevada Athletic Commission (NAC) accepted Ali's medical clearance, allowing him to resume his boxing career.
On October 2, 1980, Ali faced Larry Holmes in a match at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. The fight marked Ali's first stoppage loss, as his trainer, Angelo Dundee, ended the bout after the tenth round due to Holmes' dominance.
By 1980, Ali's estimated total fight earnings had grown to approximately $70 million.
By 1980, Muhammad Ali's fights continued to be some of the most-watched live broadcasts worldwide, maintaining his status as a global sports figure.
From 1974 to 1980, Muhammad Ali's fights drew in massive global audiences, with an estimated 1 to 2 billion viewers tuning in to witness his legendary matches.
In early 1980, Muhammad Ali was sent by President Jimmy Carter on a diplomatic mission to encourage African countries to join the U.S. boycott of the Moscow Olympics. The mission was not successful, highlighting the complexities of political diplomacy.
On January 19, 1981, Muhammad Ali successfully talked a man down from a ninth-floor ledge in Los Angeles, preventing a potential suicide and making national headlines for his heroic act.
On December 11, 1981, Ali's final professional fight took place in Nassau, Bahamas. He faced Trevor Berbick but lost the match by a ten-round decision, marking the end of his boxing career.
In 1981, Muhammad Ali retired from professional boxing, ending an illustrious career that spanned decades and left a lasting impact on the sport.
In 1981, Temica Williams filed a $3 million lawsuit against Muhammad Ali, claiming he fathered her son Osmon after a relationship that began when she was 12. The lawsuit continued until 1986 when it was dismissed due to the statute of limitations.
Yolanda "Lonnie" Williams took on the role of Muhammad Ali's primary caregiver in 1982. In recognition of her dedication, Ali supported her pursuit of graduate studies at UCLA.
Ali engaged in an exhibition match with NHL player Dave Semenko on June 12, 1983. The three-round match was officially declared a draw, with Ali displaying a playful demeanor throughout.
In 1984, Muhammad Ali publicly announced that he was diagnosed with Parkinson's syndrome, a condition that affected his public appearances in later years but did not diminish his global influence and activism.
In 1984, Muhammad Ali publicly endorsed the re-election of President Ronald Reagan, citing Reagan's stance on keeping God in schools as a reason for his support.
In 1984, Muhammad Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson's syndrome, believed to be a result of head trauma from his boxing career. Despite this, he remained active, including participating as a guest referee at WrestleMania I.
In January 1985, Aaisha Ali filed a lawsuit against Muhammad Ali for unpaid palimony, leading to a settlement that included a trust fund for their daughter, Khaliah.
On March 31, 1985, Muhammad Ali served as the special guest referee for the main event of the inaugural WrestleMania. This appearance underscored his continued influence in entertainment beyond boxing.
In 1985, Muhammad Ali visited Israel to request the release of Muslim prisoners at the Atlit detainee camp, although his request was declined.
Muhammad Ali married Yolanda "Lonnie" Williams on November 19, 1986. They had known each other since Lonnie's childhood.
In 1986, Mike Tyson etched his name into boxing history by defeating Trevor Berbick to claim the heavyweight title at the age of 20. This victory shattered two long-standing records, establishing Tyson as both the youngest boxer to win the heavyweight championship and the fastest to achieve this feat in the modern era, achieving it in just 20 bouts.
In 1986, the lawsuit filed by Temica Williams against Muhammad Ali, claiming he fathered her son Osmon, was dismissed. The allegations were barred by the statute of limitations, and Ali's biographer questioned their veracity.
Ali's marriage to Veronica Porché ended in divorce in 1986 due to Ali's ongoing infidelity.
Around 1987, Muhammad Ali was selected to personify the vitality of the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, participating in the Tournament of Roses Parade the following year.
In 1988, Kiiursti Mensah-Ali claimed to be the biological daughter of Muhammad Ali following a paternity test. She alleged that Ali accepted responsibility and supported her until he married his fourth wife, Lonnie.
In 1988, Muhammad Ali participated in a Chicago rally supporting Palestine during the First Intifada and visited Sudan to raise awareness about famine victims, showcasing his international humanitarian efforts.
In 1988, Muhammad Ali went on his second Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, reinforcing his commitment to his faith and spiritual journey.
In 1989, Muhammad Ali participated in a charity event in India with the Muslim Educational Society, alongside Bollywood actor Dilip Kumar, highlighting his global influence.
In 1990, Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr., Muhammad Ali's father, passed away, marking the loss of an influential figure in Ali's personal life.
In 1990, Muhammad Ali traveled to Iraq and successfully negotiated the release of American hostages with President Saddam Hussein. Despite his success, he faced criticism from U.S. officials.
Muhammad Ali was recognized for his significant impact when Life magazine named him one of the 100 most influential Americans of the 20th century in 1990.
Co-authored with Thomas Hauser, the oral history "Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times" hit bookshelves in 1991.
Lonnie Williams established Greatest of All Time, Inc. (G.O.A.T. Inc) in 1992 to manage and license Muhammad Ali's intellectual property for commercial purposes, serving as vice president and treasurer until 2006.
Inspired by the Ali vs. Inoki fight, Pancrase, an early mixed martial arts organization, was founded in Japan in 1993.
In 1993, a report by the Associated Press revealed that Muhammad Ali shared the top spot with Babe Ruth as the most recognized athlete in America, based on a survey of over 800 deceased or living athletes. The survey indicated that more than 97% of Americans aged 12 and above could identify both Ali and Ruth.
In 1994, Muhammad Ali campaigned for the U.S. government to aid refugees affected by the Rwandan genocide, urging donations to organizations helping them.
In 1994, Odessa O'Grady Clay, Muhammad Ali's mother, passed away, marking the end of her influential role in his life and career.
In 1995, Muhammad Ali led a group of Japanese and American professional wrestlers, including his former opponent Antonio Inoki, on a sports diplomacy mission to North Korea. Ali was the guest of honor at the Collision in Korea wrestling event, which had the largest attendance in history.
In 1996, Muhammad Ali lit the flame at the Summer Olympics in Atlanta, an event watched by an estimated 3.5 billion people worldwide, underscoring his global fame and legacy.
In 1996, during the Atlanta Olympics, Muhammad Ali was awarded a replacement Olympic gold medal after the story of his original medal being thrown into a river gained notoriety. He also lit the Olympic torch, symbolizing his enduring legacy.
Muhammad Ali's lighting of the torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics captivated a global audience, with an estimated 3.5 billion viewers witnessing this poignant moment.
Released in 1996, the documentary "When We Were Kings," which chronicled the Rumble in the Jungle fight, won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
In 1997, Muhammad Ali met a lesbian couple who were fans, and expressed happiness at their contentment, reflecting his open and compassionate nature.
In 1997, Muhammad Ali was honored with the Arthur Ashe Courage Award.
Pancrase further inspired the creation of Pride Fighting Championships in 1997, another influential mixed martial arts organization.
Beginning in 1998, Ali joined forces with actor Michael J. Fox to raise Parkinson's disease awareness and research funding.
Biaggio Ali Walsh, son of Rasheda Ali and an amateur MMA fighter, was born in 1998.
In 1999, Time magazine published a list of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century, and Muhammad Ali was included among this esteemed group, alongside Pelé and Jackie Robinson, as a testament to his remarkable influence.
The Muhammad Ali Boxing Reform Act, designed to safeguard the well-being and rights of boxers in the United States, was introduced in 1999.
In 1999, Muhammad Ali's daughter Laila began her career as a professional boxer, despite Ali's previous opposition to women's boxing. He expressed his disapproval in 1978 but later supported Laila by attending her matches and admitting he was wrong.
In 1999, Muhammad Ali was honored as the Sportsman of the Century by Sports Illustrated and the Sports Personality of the Century by the BBC, underscoring his monumental impact on sports and culture.
Ali worked with the Michael J. Fox Foundation in 2000 to raise awareness and encourage donations for Parkinson's research.
Nico Ali Walsh, another son of Rasheda Ali, was born in 2000 and pursued a career in professional boxing.
The Muhammad Ali Boxing Reform Act, which aimed to protect the rights and welfare of boxers in the US, was successfully passed in 2000.
In January 2001, Muhammad Ali was honored with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Bill Clinton.
Despite declining health, in 2001, Ali actively promoted his biopic, "Ali," and participated in the "America: A Tribute to Heroes" benefit concert.
Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, Muhammad Ali declared Islam as a religion of peace and condemned the terrorists as not true Muslims, emphasizing that they were extremists misrepresenting Islam.
In 2001, Khaliah shared her belief that her father, Muhammad Ali, considered her birth a mistake, highlighting the complexities of their relationship.
The biographical film "Ali," released in 2001, earned Will Smith a Best Actor Oscar nomination for his compelling portrayal of Muhammad Ali. Smith initially declined the role but accepted it at Ali's personal request.
On November 17, 2002, Muhammad Ali visited Afghanistan as a U.N. Messenger of Peace, spending three days on a goodwill mission in Kabul as a special guest of the United Nations.
In 2002, Ali and Fox made a joint appearance before Congress, advocating for Parkinson's disease research.
In 2002, Muhammad Ali received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, recognizing his contributions to the entertainment industry. In a display of respect for his wish that the name Muhammad, shared with the Islamic prophet, not be stepped on, his star is uniquely placed on a vertical surface.
The documentary "The Last Round: Chuvalo vs. Ali," centering on Ali's 1966 fight against George Chuvalo, premiered in 2003.
In 2004, Muhammad Ali attributed his conversion to Sunni Islam to Warith Deen Muhammad. This change came after Warith Deen Muhammad encouraged Nation of Islam followers to adopt Sunni Islam.
Ali and his wife opened the Muhammad Ali Center in Louisville in November 2005, dedicated to peace, social responsibility, and personal growth.
In November 2005, Muhammad Ali received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President George W. Bush.
Muhammad Ali was awarded the Otto Hahn Peace Medal in Gold in December 2005 in Berlin. This prestigious award from the UN Association of Germany (DGVN) honored his contributions to the civil rights movement and the United Nations.
ESPN produced the documentary "Ali Rap" in 2006, hosted by Chuck D of Public Enemy, highlighting Ali's influence on rap music.
Greatest of All Time, Inc. (G.O.A.T. Inc), the company founded by Lonnie Williams to manage Muhammad Ali's intellectual property, was sold in 2006.
In 2006, Ali sold his name and image for $50 million, boosting his estimated net worth to $55 million.
In January 2007, news broke that Muhammad Ali and Lonnie had listed their Berrien Springs, Michigan residence, acquired in 1975, for sale and purchased a property in eastern Jefferson County, Kentucky.
Muhammad Ali was awarded an honorary doctorate of humanities during Princeton University's 260th graduation ceremony in June 2007.
Laila Ali, Muhammad Ali's daughter, retired from professional boxing in 2007. Her career spanned from 1999 to 2007, during which she achieved significant success. Despite initial opposition from her father, he eventually supported her endeavors.
Pride Fighting Championships was acquired by the Ultimate Fighting Championship in 2007, marking a significant moment in mixed martial arts history.
Sports Illustrated established the Sportsman Legacy Award in 2008 to honor former athletes who exemplify the values of sportsmanship, leadership, and philanthropy as means to bring about positive change in the world.
On September 1, 2009, Muhammad Ali visited Ennis, County Clare, Ireland, the hometown of his great-grandfather, Abe Grady.
In 2010, Osmon Williams came forward claiming to be Muhammad Ali's biological son. His mother, Temica Williams, filed a lawsuit in 1981 alleging that Ali fathered Osmon, but the case was dismissed in 1986.
On July 27, 2012, Muhammad Ali was a titular bearer of the Olympic flag at the London Summer Olympics opening ceremony. The same year, he received the Philadelphia Liberty Medal for his activism and humanitarian work.
Ali's brother expressed concerns about his deteriorating health in February 2013, but his daughter refuted rumors, stating he was doing fine.
August 2013 saw the Manhattan premiere of "The Trials of Muhammad Ali," a documentary film directed by Bill Siegel, which delves into Ali's refusal to be drafted during the Vietnam War.
The 2013 documentary "The Trials of Muhammad Ali" extensively covers his resistance to the draft, shedding light on this pivotal period in his life.
Ali was hospitalized on December 20, 2014, due to a mild case of pneumonia.
On January 15, 2015, Ali was hospitalized for a urinary tract infection but was released the following day.
In November 2015, after the Paris attacks, Muhammad Ali condemned extremist violence, urging Muslims to stand against those distorting Islam for personal agendas and called for political leaders to clarify Islam's true nature.
In December 2015, Muhammad Ali reiterated that true Muslims oppose the violence by extremists distorting Islam. He called for leaders to promote understanding of Islam's peaceful teachings.
In 2015, Sports Illustrated made the decision to rename their Sportsman Legacy Award, which was initially established in 2008, to the Sports Illustrated's Muhammad Ali Legacy Award. The award is given annually to past sports figures who embody the ideals of sportsmanship, leadership, and philanthropy as avenues for positive global impact.
A 2015 Harris Poll reaffirmed Muhammad Ali's enduring legacy, ranking him as one of the three most recognizable athletes in the United States, alongside sports icons Michael Jordan and Babe Ruth.
A bill was introduced to the United States Congress in May 2016 by politician and former MMA fighter Markwayne Mullin. This bill aimed to extend the protections of the Muhammad Ali Boxing Reform Act to mixed martial arts.
Ali was admitted to a Scottsdale, Arizona, hospital on June 2, 2016, with a respiratory illness. His condition worsened, and he died from septic shock at 74.
Muhammad Ali passed away on June 3, 2016, marking the end of a legendary life that left a profound impact on sports and culture worldwide. Known as 'The Greatest', Ali's legacy as a champion boxer and humanitarian continues to inspire many.
Ali's funeral began in Louisville on June 9, 2016, with an Islamic Janazah prayer service at Freedom Hall.
On June 10, 2016, Ali's funeral procession traveled through Louisville, ending at Cave Hill Cemetery, his burial place. A public memorial service was also held at the KFC Yum! Center, with eulogies delivered by prominent figures.
In June 2016, US Senator Rand Paul put forward an amendment to the US draft laws, naming it after Muhammad Ali. The amendment proposed the abolishment of the Selective Service System.
The Society of Voice Arts and Sciences established the Muhammad Ali Voice of Humanity Honor in 2016, presented annually at the Voice Arts Awards. Created in partnership with the Muhammad Ali Center, the award recognizes individuals whose voice has generated a significant positive influence on society, either nationally or internationally, through their humanitarian efforts, activism, or personal sacrifices. Sculptor Marc Mellon crafted the bronze sculpture for the award, portraying Ali in the midst of a speech.
Ken Burns commenced work on his documentary project "Muhammad Ali" in early 2016, a series that would eventually become an eight-hour, four-part exploration of Ali's life.
In 2016, Ali's promoter, Bob Arum, acknowledged the significance of Ali's resistance to the draft, recognizing that Ali's impact on the world transcended his boxing achievements.
After Ali's death in 2016, his fortune was estimated to be between $50 million and $80 million.
The Muhammad Ali Commemorative Coin Act was brought before the 115th Congress in January 2017 but did not pass.
In 2018, DNA testing revealed that Muhammad Ali was a descendant of Archer Alexander, a former slave and model for the Emancipation Memorial, highlighting Ali's deep ancestral connections to the history of slavery and abolition.
On January 16, 2019, a proposal was made to rename Louisville's main airport to "Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport" to honor Ali's legacy.
The Louisville airport unveiled its new logo, featuring Ali's silhouette, on June 6, 2019.
Directed by Antoine Fuqua, the documentary "What's My Name: Muhammad Ali" was released in 2019.
By 2020, it was recognized that Muhammad Ali's 1967 donation to the United Negro College Fund would be valued at approximately $78,000, showcasing the enduring impact of his contributions.
In September 2021, acclaimed documentary filmmaker Ken Burns released "Muhammad Ali," an eight-hour, four-part docuseries providing a comprehensive look at Ali's life and career. Burns began developing the series in early 2016, and it aired on PBS.
In October 2021, 26 pieces of artwork by Muhammad Ali were auctioned off, fetching close to $1 million, highlighting his talents beyond boxing as an artist.
In 2024, Muhammad Ali was posthumously inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by The Undertaker, recognizing his contributions and impact on the world of professional wrestling.
The spring of 2025 will see the debut of "Ali," an officially authorized musical based on Muhammad Ali's life. The musical will premiere at the Nederlander Theatre in Chicago before moving to Broadway. The production is under the direction and writing of Clint Dyer, the deputy artistic director of London's National Theatre, with the score composed by Teddy Abrams, the music director and conductor of the Louisville Orchestra. Rapper and record producer Q-Tip has taken on roles as both music director and co-lyricist, and Rich + Tone Talauega are the choreographers.