How Dr. Dre built a successful career. Explore key moments that defined the journey.
Dr. Dre, born Andre Romell Young, is an influential American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur. He co-founded Death Row Records and is the founder and CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics. He started with World Class Wreckin' Cru, achieving wider recognition with N.W.A, popularizing explicit lyrics and gangsta rap. Dre is credited with developing West Coast G-funk in the early 1990s, characterized by synthesizers and a slower tempo.
In 1967, David McCallum released his jazz-funk work "The Edge", the main melody of which keyboardist Camara Kambon re-played live for Dr. Dre's song "The Next Episode".
In 1972, Leon Haywood released the song "I Wanna Do Something Freaky to You", which Dr. Dre sampled in his song "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang" from The Chronic album.
In 1984, Dr. Dre and DJ Yella recorded the song "Surgery" in a small four-track studio in the back room of Eve After Dark. This was one of their first recording sessions.
In 1984, Dr. Dre began his career as a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru, a group that helped popularize explicit lyrics in hip-hop, detailing the violence of street life. The year 1984 also marked the beginning of Dr. Dre's involvement in shaping the West Coast G-funk sound.
In 1985, Dr. Dre joined the musical group World Class Wreckin' Cru, which released its debut album under the Kru-Cut label. The group's song "Surgery" became a hit, selling 50,000 copies within the Compton area.
In 1986, Dr. Dre met rapper Ice Cube and collaborated with him to record songs for Ruthless Records, which was run by Eazy-E.
In 1988, Dr. Dre produced tracks for Eazy-E's solo debut Eazy-Duz-It, solidifying his role as a key producer.
In 1989, Dr. Dre produced tracks for a number of other acts on Ruthless Records, including Eazy-E's solo debut Eazy-Duz-It, Michel'le's self-titled debut, and the D.O.C.'s debut No One Can Do It Better.
In 1989, N.W.A released their first full album, Straight Outta Compton, which became a major success despite the lack of radio airplay. The FBI sent Ruthless Records a warning letter because of the song "Fuck tha Police".
In 1990, Dr. Dre produced tracks for Above the Law's debut Livin' Like Hustlers.
In 1991, Dr. Dre left N.W.A at the peak of its popularity, advised by The D.O.C. and Suge Knight, due to a dispute with Eazy-E. Knight helped him get out of his contract and, with Dr. Dre as the flagship artist, founded Death Row Records.
In 1991, Dr. Dre produced funk rock musician Jimmy Z's album Muzical Madness.
In 1991, after leaving Ruthless Records and forming Death Row Records, Dr. Dre enlisted Chris "the Glove" Taylor, Greg "Gregski" Royal, and Colin Wolfe to assist on future projects.
In 1992, Dr. Dre released his album The Chronic, which is considered one of the most well-produced hip-hop albums. It included themes like synthesizer solos, bass-heavy compositions, and funk samples.
In 1992, Dr. Dre released his debut solo album, The Chronic, on Death Row Records. This album marked the beginning of his solo career and cemented his place as a key figure in West Coast hip-hop. The Chronic was Death Row's first major project.
In 1992, Dr. Dre released his first single, the title track to the film Deep Cover, in collaboration with Snoop Dogg, whom he met through Warren G. Dr. Dre's debut solo album was The Chronic, released under Death Row Records.
In 1993, Dr. Dre's album "The Chronic" made him one of the best-selling American music artists. He earned a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance for "Let Me Ride", and received accolades for the single "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang" featuring Snoop Dogg. He also produced Snoop Dogg's debut album Doggystyle that year.
In 1994, Dr. Dre mentored producers such as his stepbrother Warren G, leading to Warren G's multi-platinum debut album Regulate... G Funk Era.
In 1994, Dr. Dre produced Snoop Dogg's debut album Doggystyle, which entered the Billboard 200 album charts at number one. He also produced some songs for the soundtracks to the films Above the Rim and Murder Was the Case.
In 1994, starting with the Murder was the Case soundtrack, Dr. Dre began pushing the boundaries of G-funk further into a darker sound with songs like "Murder was the Case" and "Natural Born Killaz."
In 1995, Death Row Records signed 2Pac, and Dr. Dre collaborated with him on the commercially successful single "California Love", which became both artists' first song to top the Billboard Hot 100.
In 1995, Dr. Dre collaborated with Ice Cube for the song "Natural Born Killaz" and recorded "Keep Their Heads Ringin'" for the film Friday, which reached number one on the Hot Rap Singles chart.
In 1995, Dr. Dre mentored producers such as Snoop Dogg's cousin Daz Dillinger, leading to the double-platinum debut album Dogg Food by Tha Dogg Pound.
In March 1996, Dr. Dre left Death Row Records amidst a contract dispute and growing concerns about Suge Knight's corruption and financial dishonesty.
By 1996, Dr. Dre recruited keyboardist Camara Kambon and switched from the E-mu SP-1200 to the Akai MPC3000 drum kit and sampler, beginning with his compilation Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath.
By 1996, Dr. Dre's darker G-funk sound influenced the beat for Geto Boys' "Still" and Eazy E's "Wut Would U Do", and was crucial to the creation of horrorcore.
In 1996, Dr. Dre appeared on the single "No Diggity" by R&B group Blackstreet, which topped the Hot 100 for four weeks. Former Death Row colleagues, including 2Pac, attempted to release "Toss It Up" as a diss track, but Blackstreet stopped them with a cease and desist letter.
In 1996, Dr. Dre departed Death Row Records and established his own label, Aftermath Entertainment. That same year, he released a compilation album called Dr. Dre Presents: The Aftermath.
In 1996, Dr. Dre founded Aftermath Entertainment, after which his music, co-produced by Mel-Man, shifted towards a more synthesizer-based sound with fewer vocal samples.
In 1996, Dr. Dre made his first on-screen appearance as a weapons dealer in the bank robbery movie Set It Off.
In 1996, First Round Knock Out, a compilation of Dr. Dre's productions, was released. Dre produced for and appeared on releases by New York artists such as Nas, LL Cool J, and Jay-Z.
In 1998, Dr. Dre signed Eminem to Aftermath Entertainment, marking a turning point for the label and setting the stage for future collaborations.
In 1998, Jimmy Iovine suggested that Dr. Dre sign Eminem, which became a turning point for Aftermath.
In May 1999, Death Row Records released a compilation album titled "Suge Knight Represents: Chronic 2000". This release prompted Dr. Dre to retitle his upcoming album from "The Chronic 2000" to "2001" to avoid confusion.
On October 23, 1999, Dr. Dre performed his hit singles "Still D.R.E." and "Forgot About Dre" on NBC's Saturday Night Live.
In 1999, Dr. Dre began collaborating with Mike Elizondo, a bassist, guitarist, and keyboardist, who contributed to numerous productions.
In 1999, Dr. Dre produced three songs and provided vocals for two on Eminem's successful and controversial debut album The Slim Shady LP. The album's success revived Aftermath's commercial viability.
In 1999, Dr. Dre released his second studio album, 2001.
In 2001, Aftermath released the soundtrack to the movie The Wash, featuring Aftermath acts such as Shaunta, Daks, Joe Beast and Toi. However, none of these artists released full-length albums on Aftermath.
In 2001, Dr. Dre appeared in the movies The Wash and Training Day. His song "Bad Intentions" was featured on The Wash soundtrack, and he also appeared on two other songs, "On the Blvd." and "The Wash," alongside Snoop Dogg.
In 2001, Dr. Dre earned about US$52 million from selling part of his share of Aftermath Entertainment and producing hit songs like "Family Affair" by Mary J. Blige, leading Rolling Stone to name him the second highest-paid artist of the year.
In 2001, Dr. Dre mentioned in an interview that his primary instrument is the Akai MPC3000 and that he is influenced by 1970s funk musicians like George Clinton and Isaac Hayes. He also stated he prefers to have musicians re-create musical pieces rather than use samples.
In 2001, Dr. Dre produced and rapped on Bilal's single "Fast Lane". He also assisted in the production of Bilal's second album, "Love for Sale".
In 2001, Dr. Dre's second album, 2001, featured live instrumentation instead of sampling, exemplified by "The Next Episode," which had keyboardist Camara Kambon replay the melody from David McCallum's "The Edge" live.
In 2001, Jay-Z ghostwrote lyrics for the single "Still D.R.E." from Dr. Dre's album 2001, highlighting the collaborative nature of Dr. Dre's creative process.
In 2001, following the success of his album "2001", Dr. Dre focused on producing for other artists, contributing to Eminem's "Marshall Mathers LP", Mary J. Blige's "No More Drama", and Eve's "Let Me Blow Ya Mind". He also signed R&B singer Truth Hurts to Aftermath in 2001.
In 2001, initial work began on Dr. Dre's third studio album, "Detox", with the first version being called "the most advanced rap album ever" by producer Scott Storch.
Around 2002, Dr. Dre stopped sharing co-production credits with Mel-Man, though Mel-Man remained a key architect of the Aftermath sound.
In 2002, Dr. Dre appeared in TV commercials for Coors Light beer.
In 2002, Dr. Dre signed 50 Cent to Aftermath Entertainment, further solidifying his role as a major figure in the music industry and expanding the label's roster of successful artists.
In 2002, Dr. Dre signed rapper 50 Cent to Aftermath in a joint venture with Interscope and Eminem's Shady Records.
In 2002, Dr. Dre was the executive producer of Eminem's album, "The Eminem Show". He produced three songs on the album, one of which was released as a single, and appeared in the video for "Without Me".
In February 2003, Dr. Dre served as executive producer for 50 Cent's debut album "Get Rich or Die Tryin'" and produced or co-produced four tracks, including "In da Club".
In 2003, Dr. Dre appeared in TV commercials for Coors Light beer.
In 2003, Dr. Dre produced The D.O.C.'s album "Deuce", and made a guest appearance on the tracks "Psychic Pymp Hotline", "Gorilla Pympin'" and "Judgment Day".
In 2004, Dr. Dre mentioned to Scratch magazine that he was formally studying piano and music theory, with a goal to score movies, and he was collaborating with Burt Bacharach by sending him hip-hop beats.
In 2004, Dr. Dre told Scratch magazine about the importance of properly equalizing drums, mentioning he used the same drum sounds on different songs on an album, but made them sound distinct through equalization.
In 2004, Dr. Dre was ranked 44th in earnings with $11.4 million, primarily from production royalties.
In 2004, Mike Elizondo stated that he wrote the foundations of Eminem's song "The Real Slim Shady", playing a bass line that Dre, Tommy Coster Jr. and he built upon.
In 2005, the album Detox was initially set for release, but the release was eventually delayed.
In November 2006, Dr. Dre began working with Raekwon on "Only Built 4 Cuban Linx II" and also produced tracks for albums by Young Buck, 50 Cent, Snoop Dogg, and Jay-Z.
In 2006, Dr. Dre co-founded Beats Electronics with Jimmy Iovine.
In 2006, Scott Storch told Rolling Stone about his contribution to Dr. Dre's second album 2001, where he was credited as a songwriter and played keyboards on several tracks.
In 2006, Snoop Dogg revealed that Dr. Dre's perfectionism led him to make Bishop Lamont re-record a single bar of vocals 107 times, highlighting Dre's dedication to flawless performances.
In February 2007, it was announced that Dr. Dre, along with Phillip Atwell, would produce dark comedies and horror films for New Line Cinema's Crucial Films. Dr. Dre expressed interest in directing.
In 2007, Dr. Dre appeared on Timbaland's track "Bounce" from the album "Timbaland Presents Shock Value", alongside Missy Elliott and Justin Timberlake.
In 2007, Dr. Dre's third studio album, "Detox", was slated to be his final studio album.
According to a June 2008 report by Rolling Stone magazine, Snoop Dogg claimed that Dr. Dre's album Detox was finished.
In July 2008, Beats Electronics launched its first line of headphones, including Beats Studio, Beats Tour, Beats Solo & Solo HD, Beats Spin, Heartbeats by Lady Gaga, and Diddy Beats.
On December 15, 2008, Dr. Dre appeared in the remix of the song "Set It Off" by Kardinal Offishall.
On February 12, 2009, "Crack a Bottle" by Eminem featuring Dr. Dre reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
On May 28, 2009, Dr. Dre premiered the first official snippet of his album, "Detox" in a Dr Pepper commercial.
On October 9, 2009, Hewlett-Packard (HP) and Dr. Dre announced a partnership to bundle Beats By Dr. Dre with HP laptops and headsets at a press event.
Starting in 2009, Dr. Dre appeared in TV commercials that featured his Beats Electronics product line. A Dr Pepper commercial had him DJing with Beats headphones and playing a snippet from his unreleased Detox album.
On April 20, 2010, Jimmy Iovine and Dr. Dre confirmed that "Under Pressure", featuring Jay-Z, would be the first single from the Detox album.
On June 16, 2010, the song "Under Pressure" leaked in an unmixed, unmastered form without a chorus prior to its intended release.
In an August 2010 interview, Dr. Dre stated that an instrumental album, The Planets, was in its first stages of production.
During November 2010, "Kush", a collaboration between Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, and Akon, was released as a single in the United States.
In 2010, Dr. Dre had a cameo in a commercial for HP laptops that featured a plug for Beats Audio.
In 2010, Dr. Dre's album, Detox, was scheduled for release, after 50 Cent's "Before I Self Destruct" and Eminem's "Relapse".
In February 2011, "I Need a Doctor", a collaboration between Dr. Dre, Eminem, and Skylar Grey, was released and achieved international chart success.
On November 14, 2011, Dr. Dre announced that he would be taking a break from music after producing for Slim the Mobster and Kendrick Lamar to focus on his Beats By Dre brand and family.
In 2011, Dr. Dre narrated a commercial for the Chrysler 300S "Imported from Detroit" ad campaign, which included a plug for Beats Audio.
On January 9, 2012, Dr. Dre was announced as a headliner for the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2012.
In April 2012, Dr. Dre headlined the final nights of the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival.
Forbes estimated Dr. Dre's net worth at US$270 million in 2012 and reported he acquired US$110 million that year, making him the highest-paid artist.
In May 2013, Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine donated a $70-million endowment to the University of Southern California to create the USC Jimmy Iovine and Andre Young Academy for Arts, Technology and the Business of Innovation.
In January 2014, Beats Music was introduced and launched as a streaming service.
In June 2014, Marsha Ambrosius revealed that she had been working on the album "Detox", but that it would be known under a different title.
In September 2014, Aftermath in-house producer Dawaun Parker confirmed the title change for "Detox" and stated that over 300 beats had been created, but few had vocals recorded.
In 2014, Apple acquired Beats Electronics. This event is relevant to Dr. Dre because he had past ownership of Beats Electronics before it was sold to Apple.
In 2014, the sale of Beats to Apple contributed to "the biggest single-year payday of any musician in history" for Dr. Dre.
On August 1, 2015, Dr. Dre announced the release of what he stated would be his final album, titled "Compton", inspired by the N.W.A biopic, Straight Outta Compton. It was released on Apple Music on August 7.
In 2015, Dr. Dre became the world's richest musical performer following the 2014 sale of Beats to Apple.
In 2015, Dr. Dre produced Straight Outta Compton, a biographical film about N.W.A., alongside Ice Cube.
On February 12, 2016, it was revealed that Apple would create its first original scripted television series, "Vital Signs", reflecting Dre's life for its upcoming Apple TV+ streaming service.
In October 2016, Sean Combs brought out Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg during his Bad Boy reunion tour.
In a 2016 interview with Music Times, Anderson .Paak praised Dr. Dre, expressing that working with him was a dream come true.
In June 2017, Dr. Dre committed $10 million to the construction of a performing arts center for the new Compton High School, including a 1,200-seat theater.
Sometime in September 2018, Apple cancelled "Vital Signs" due to its graphic depictions of drugs, gun violence, and sex.
In 2018, Dr. Dre produced four songs on Anderson .Paak's album "Oxnard" and was the executive producer.
In 2019, Dr. Dre was the executive producer on Anderson .Paak's album "Ventura".
In 2020, Dr. Dre was the executive producer of Eminem's album "Music to Be Murdered By", producing four songs on the album as well as two songs on the deluxe edition, "Side B", and appearing on the song "Gunz Blazing".
In 2020, the groundbreaking for the performing arts center at the new Compton High School, funded in part by Dr. Dre, was expected to occur.
On September 30, 2021, it was revealed that Dr. Dre would perform at the Super Bowl LVI halftime show alongside Eminem, Snoop Dogg, Mary J. Blige, and Kendrick Lamar.
In December 2021, an update for the video game, Grand Theft Auto Online, predominantly featured Dr. Dre and added some of his previously unreleased tracks.
On February 3, 2022, Dr. Dre released an EP titled "The Contract", which featured previously unreleased tracks.
On February 13, 2022, Dr. Dre performed at the Super Bowl LVI halftime show with Eminem, Snoop Dogg, Kendrick Lamar, and Mary J. Blige, featuring surprise appearances by 50 Cent and Anderson .Paak. The performance received critical acclaim and won Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Variety Special (Live), Production Design, and Music Direction.
In September 2022, it was reported that Dr. Dre would compose the original score for the upcoming animated series, Death for Hire: The Origin of Tehk City. The show, created by Ice-T and Arabian Prince, is based on the graphic novel and features voice talent including Ice-T, Coco Austin, Snoop Dogg, Busta Rhymes, and Treach.
In 2022, Apple subtracted $200 million from the Beats acquisition deal after Tyrese Gibson prematurely revealed the news on social media without the company's permission.
In February 2023, Dr. Dre and Marsha Ambrosius held a listening party in Los Angeles for their album Casablanco.
In September 2023, the unreleased joint gospel album by Kanye West and Dr. Dre, titled Jesus Is King Part II, which features Dr. Dre, surfaced online in leaks. The album was originally intended to include the remix of Kanye West's song "Use This Gospel" for DJ Khaled's album God Did.
In February 2024, Snoop Dogg and Dr. Dre launched a line of pre-mixed cocktails named after their hit single, Gin and Juice, featuring flavors like apricot, citrus, melon, and passionfruit. A prohibition-themed trailer supported the release.
In March 2024, Dr. Dre was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located at 6840 Hollywood Boulevard, marking a significant recognition of his contributions to music and culture.
On June 28, 2024, the Casablanco album was released through Aftermath Entertainment and received critical acclaim.
On July 12, 2024, Eminem's 12th studio album The Death of Slim Shady (Coup de Grâce) was released, featuring two songs produced by Dr. Dre: Lucifer and Road Rage. The album received mixed reviews.
On November 1, 2024, Snoop Dogg released "Gorgeous", the first single from his upcoming album Missionary, which is entirely produced by Dr. Dre.
On December 13, 2024, Snoop Dogg's album Missionary, entirely produced by Dr. Dre, was released via Death Row/Aftermath and Interscope, featuring guest appearances from Eminem, Dr. Dre, 50 Cent, Method Man, and Sting. The album received generally favorable reviews.
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