Guangdong is a coastal province in South China, located on the northern shore of the South China Sea. Guangzhou serves as its capital city. With a population of approximately 127.06 million, Guangdong is the most populous province in China and ranks as the third-most populous country subdivision globally. It covers an area of about 179,800 square kilometers, making it the 15th-largest province in China by area.
Guangdong is concentrating on the coordinated growth of its manufacturing and service sectors. The province emphasizes AI adoption, innovation, and high-quality development, especially after the Chinese New Year, targeting smart industries for future growth.
In 1952, Mao Zedong purged Fang Fang and thousands of cadres from Guangdong in response to Fang's moderate land reform policies. Tao Zhu was sent to implement a harsher program.
In 1952, a small section of Guangdong's coastline, including Qinzhou, Lianzhou, Fangchenggang, and Beihai, was given to Guangxi.
In 1955, the coastline previously given to Guangxi was returned to Guangdong.
In 1965, the coastline was restored to Guangxi again.
Until the start of the Deng Xiaoping reforms in 1978, Guangdong was an economic backwater.
In 1988, Hainan Island was separated from Guangdong to become its own province.
In 1989, Guangdong became the largest province by GDP in Mainland China.
Guangdong officially became the most populous province in 2005, with an influx of migrants, temporary workers, and newly settled individuals numbering around 30 million.
According to a 2007 survey, 43.71% of the population in Guangdong believes in and is involved in ancestor veneration.
According to a 2009 study published in The British Medical Journal, Guangdong has a highly unbalanced gender ratio, with over 130 boys for every 100 girls in the 1-4 age group.
According to a 2012 survey, only around 7% of Guangdong's population belongs to organised religions, with Buddhists being the largest group at 6.2%.
According to Jiao's research in 2013, the Neolithic was likely introduced to coastal Guangdong from the middle Yangtze River area.
By 2015, the local government of Guangdong aimed for the service industry to account for more than 50 percent of the province's GDP and high-tech manufacturing another 20 percent.
In the 2020 Chinese census, Guangdong's total population was 126,012,510, accounting for 8.93 percent of mainland China's population.
In 2021, Guangdong's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 534 billion RMB (US$79.4 billion), 5.28 trillion RMB (US$785.6 billion), and 7.09 trillion RMB (US$1.05 trillion), respectively.
As of 2022, Guangdong hosts 160 institutions of higher education, ranking first in South Central China and second among all Chinese provinces/municipalities after Jiangsu.
In 2022, Guangdong's GDP was 13.57 trillion RMB ($1.9 trillion nominal, $3.78 trillion PPP). Guangdong has been the largest province by GDP since 1989 in Mainland China.
As of 2023, Guangdong had a population of 127.06 million, making it China's most populous province.
In 2024, Guangdong's population was 75.9% urban and 24.1% rural.
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