Discover the defining moments in the early life of Marie Curie. From birth to education, explore key events.
Marie Curie, born Maria Skłodowska in Poland, was a pioneering physicist and chemist renowned for her groundbreaking research on radioactivity. Working primarily in France, she was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields (Physics and Chemistry). Curie's work led to the discovery of polonium and radium, and she developed techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes. Her research was crucial in developing treatments for cancer. She died in 1934 from aplastic anemia likely caused by her long-term exposure to radiation.
In June 1903, Marie Curie was awarded her doctorate from the University of Paris, supervised by Gabriel Lippmann.
In December 1904, Marie Curie gave birth to her second daughter, Ève Curie. She hired Polish governesses to teach her daughters her native language, and sent or took them on visits to Poland.
In 1906, Pierre Curie died in a Paris street accident. Following his death, Marie took over his professorship at the University of Paris.
Lauren Gunderson's 2019 play The Half-Life of Marie Curie portrays Curie during the summer after her 1911 Nobel Prize victory, when she was grappling with depression and facing public scorn over the revelation of her affair with Paul Langevin.
For most of 1912, Marie Curie avoided public life, but did spend time in England with her friend and fellow physicist Hertha Ayrton.
In 1913, Marie Curie visited Poland and was welcomed in Warsaw, but the visit was mostly ignored by the Russian authorities.
In 1921, Marie Curie toured the United States to raise funds for research on radium. Marie Mattingly Meloney helped publicise her trip.
In 1921, U.S. President Warren G. Harding presented Marie Curie with 1 gram of radium at the White House.
In 1922, Marie Curie became a fellow of the French Academy of Medicine. She also travelled to other countries.
In 1929, Marie Curie's second American tour succeeded in equipping the Warsaw Radium Institute with radium.
In 1979, women became eligible for membership of the Académie des Sciences. Before 1979 all presentations had to be made for her by male colleagues.
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