Niagara Falls is a collection of three waterfalls located on the border between Ontario, Canada, and New York, USA. The largest, Horseshoe Falls (Canadian Falls), straddles the international border. The American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls are located entirely within the United States. Goat Island separates Bridal Veil Falls from Horseshoe Falls, while Luna Island divides Bridal Veil Falls from American Falls. Niagara Falls is renowned for its immense beauty and is a popular tourist destination for both countries.
A Niagara Falls family faced a $2,300 fine after the city removed their garden, sparking outrage. The city defended its actions, leading to a heated property dispute and emotional distress for the family.
On October 24, 1901, Annie Edson Taylor, a 63-year-old school teacher, became the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel as a publicity stunt. She survived, albeit bleeding and shaken.
The year 1902 is noted for partial freezing of Niagara Falls.
In 1906, the Government of Ontario brought power transmission operations under public control, distributing Niagara's energy to various parts of the Canadian province.
In 1906, the United States Congress enacted legislation to preserve Niagara Falls by regulating the waters of the Niagara River, prompted by J. Horace McFarland, the Sierra Club, and the Appalachian Mountain Club.
The year 1906 is noted for partial freezing of Niagara Falls.
In 1909, a treaty was established limiting the total amount of water diverted from Niagara Falls by both the United States and Canada to approximately 1,600 cubic metres per second (56,000 cu ft/s).
In 1911, Bobby Leach went over Horseshoe Falls in a crude steel barrel and required rescuing. He was rescued by William "Red" Hill Sr.
The year 1911 is noted for partial freezing of Niagara Falls.
On February 4, 1912, the ice bridge, which had formed on January 15, began breaking up while people were on it, resulting in three deaths.
On August 6, 1918, an iron scow became stuck on the rocks above Niagara Falls, and its two occupants were rescued.
In July 1920, Charles Stephens, a 58-year-old barber from Bristol, England, died after going over Niagara Falls in a wooden barrel. He was the first person to die attempting such a feat.
In 1923, The Michigan Central Railroad company decided to build a new bridge to be located between the Lower Steel Arch Bridge and the Cantilever Bridge.
In February 1925, the Michigan Central Railway Bridge opened and remained in use until the early 21st century.
In 1925, The New York Times used the Native American word Ongiara for Niagara which means thundering water.
In 1928, "Smiling Jean" Lussier successfully went over Niagara Falls in a large rubber ball.
The year 1932 is noted for partial freezing of Niagara Falls.
The year 1936 is noted for partial freezing of Niagara Falls.
In 1937, the Niagara Railway Arch, also known as the Lower Steel Arch Bridge, was renamed the Whirlpool Rapids Bridge.
In January 1938, an ice jam twisted the steel frame of the Upper Steel Arch Bridge.
On January 27, 1938, the Upper Steel Arch Bridge, commonly called the Honeymoon Bridge, collapsed after an ice jam twisted its steel frame earlier in January 1938.
In February 1940, construction of a steel bridge commenced.
In November 1941, the Rainbow Bridge opened featuring two lanes for traffic separated by a barrier.
In 1950, the Niagara Treaty was established to regulate water diversion from Niagara Falls. This treaty is administered by the International Niagara Board of Control.
In 1950, the U.S. and Canada signed a treaty to limit water usage by power plants to preserve the natural beauty of Niagara Falls. The treaty dictates minimum water flow over the falls, monitored by the International Niagara Board of Control, with adjustments for tourist season and time of day.
The 1909 limitation for the total amount of water diverted from the falls by both nations remained in effect until 1950.
In 1953, visits to Niagara Falls rose sharply after the release of the movie "Niagara", starring Marilyn Monroe and Joseph Cotten.
In 1954, a huge mound of talus was deposited. Later a plan to remove it was abandoned owing to cost.
Since 1954, the ice sheet at the base of the falls has not been as thick as 12 to 30 metres (40 to 100 ft).
In 1955, the area between Terrapin Rocks and Goat Island was filled in, creating Terrapin Point, eliminating part of Horseshoe Falls.
In 1956, the animated short "Niagara Fools" featured Woody Woodpecker attempting to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel.
In 1956, the region's largest hydropower station was partially destroyed in a landslide, which drastically reduced power production.
In 1957, the United States Congress passed the Niagara Redevelopment Act, granting the New York Power Authority the right to fully develop the United States' share of the Niagara River's hydroelectric potential.
In 1959, a glass and metal observation tower was added to the area surrounding Niagara Falls.
On July 9, 1960, during the "Miracle at Niagara", seven-year-old Roger Woodward was swept over Horseshoe Falls after a boating accident. He survived, while his sister was rescued near the falls, and their uncle died in the incident.
In 1960, composer Ferde Grofé was commissioned to compose the "Niagara Falls Suite" to honor the completion of hydroelectric work at the falls.
In 1961, the Niagara Falls hydroelectric project went online and was the largest hydropower facility in the Western world at the time.
In June 1969, a temporary rock and earth dam was constructed, completely diverting the Niagara River from American Falls for several months to allow for study and reinforcement of the riverbed.
In November 1969, the temporary dam that diverted the Niagara River from American Falls was dynamited, restoring the flow to the falls after the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers studied the riverbed and reinforced faults.
In 1980, Niagara Falls was a featured location in the major motion picture "Superman II".
On July 2, 1984, Canadian Karel Soucek plunged over Horseshoe Falls in a barrel, sustaining only minor injuries and receiving a $500 fine for the unlicensed stunt.
In August 1985, Steve Trotter became the youngest person (age 22) and the first American in 25 years to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel.
In 1985, Karel Soucek was fatally injured while attempting to recreate the Niagara Falls drop at the Houston Astrodome. His barrel was released prematurely, hitting the side of a water tank.
On September 28, 1989, Peter DeBernardi and Jeffery James Petkovich became the first "team" to go over Niagara Falls in a two-person barrel, aiming to discourage drug use.
On June 5, 1990, Jesse Sharp paddled over Niagara Falls in a closed-deck canoe without a helmet or life vest. His body was never recovered.
In 1990, illusionist David Copperfield performed a trick in which he appeared to travel over Horseshoe Falls.
In 1991, Kevin McMahon's documentary film "The Falls" explored the place of Niagara Falls in the world's collective imagination.
On September 27, 1993, John "David" Munday completed his second journey over Niagara Falls.
On October 1, 1995, Robert Overacker went over Niagara Falls on a Jet Ski to raise awareness for the homeless. His rocket-propelled parachute failed, leading to his death.
In 1996, Native American groups threatened to boycott Maid of the Mist due to what they considered a fake story played on the boats; the audio was subsequently dropped.
In 1997, composer Michael Daugherty composed "Niagara Falls", a piece for concert band inspired by the falls.
On October 20, 2003, Kirk Jones became the first known person to survive a plunge over Horseshoe Falls without a flotation device, sustaining only minor injuries.
In early 2004, the short-lived U.S. television show "Wonderfalls" was filmed near Niagara Falls.
In August 2005, Ontario Power Generation initiated the Niagara Tunnel Project, a major civil engineering endeavor to enhance power production. This involved constructing a new 12.7-meter diameter, 10.2-kilometer-long water diversion tunnel.
In October 2006, location footage of Niagara Falls was shot to portray "World's End" in the movie "Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End".
In 2006, the Cantilever Bridge was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame.
In 2007, Niagara Falls was expected to have 20 million visitors, confirming its status as a major tourist attraction.
On March 11, 2009, an unidentified man survived an unprotected trip over Horseshoe Falls. He was rescued from the river suffering from severe hypothermia and a head wound.
By 2009, Niagara Falls' annual tourist rate was expected to top 28 million visitors.
On May 21, 2012, an unidentified man survived an unprotected trip over Horseshoe Falls after deliberately jumping into the Niagara River.
On June 15, 2012, Nik Wallenda became the first person to walk across the Niagara Falls area on a tightrope in 116 years, with permission from both governments. It was the longest unsupported tightrope walk in history.
In March 2013, the Niagara Tunnel Project was officially placed into service, increasing the generating complex's capacity by 150 megawatts and providing new hydroelectricity for approximately 160,000 homes.
In 2013, New York State initiated an effort to renovate the Three Sisters Islands, located south of Goat Island, using funds from the re-licensing of the New York Power Authority hydroelectric plant.
In 2014, Hornblower Cruises replaced Maid of the Mist as the boat cruise operator on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls.
The year 2014 is noted for partial freezing of Niagara Falls.
In 2015, the film "Chasing Niagara" documented professional kayaker Rafa Ortiz's preparation to paddle over Niagara Falls.
In 2017, Kirk Jones died while attempting to go over Niagara Falls again, this time using a large inflatable ball.
The year 2017 is noted for partial freezing of Niagara Falls.
On July 8, 2019, a man jumped into the Niagara River and went over Horseshoe Falls. He was found alive but injured on the rocks at the water's edge.
On October 31, 2019, the iron scow that became stuck above Niagara Falls in 1918 shifted its position by 50 meters during a storm.
The year 2019 is noted for partial freezing of Niagara Falls.
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