History of Ohio in Timeline
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States, bordering several other states and Ontario, Canada. It ranks 34th in area among the 50 U.S. states and is the seventh-most populous, with approximately 11.9 million residents. Columbus is the capital and largest city. Other significant metropolitan areas include Cleveland, Cincinnati, Dayton, Akron, and Toledo. Known as the "Buckeye State," its residents are called "Buckeyes."
3 hours ago : Ohio EPA considers allowing data centers to release wastewater into rivers; Moreno opposes.
The Ohio EPA is considering a proposal to allow data centers to release wastewater into Ohio rivers. U.S. Senator Bernie Moreno opposes this, arguing against trading clean rivers for big tech data centers and opposing the regulations changes to wastewater.
May 17, 1901: Earthquake near Portsmouth
On May 17, 1901, an earthquake of magnitude 4.2 occurred near Portsmouth, Ohio.
May 9, 1902: Official Adoption of the Flag of Ohio
On May 9, 1902, the state legislature officially adopted the flag of Ohio.
December 17, 1903: Wright Brothers Invent First Successful Airplane
On December 17, 1903, Dayton natives Orville and Wilbur Wright made four brief flights at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, inventing the first successful airplane.
1910: Canals Carry Bulk Freight
As late as 1910, interior canals in Ohio carried much of the bulk freight of the state.
1913: The Great Flood of 1913
In 1913, Ohio was hit by its greatest natural disaster in the Great Flood of 1913, resulting in at least 428 fatalities and hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage, particularly around the Great Miami River basin.
1913: Selection of Lincoln Highway Route
In 1913, what was known as "Main Market Route 3" was chosen to become part of the historic Lincoln Highway, the first road across America.
1919: Cincinnati Reds World Series Title
The Cincinnati Reds won a World Series title in 1919.
October 3, 1920: First Official NFL Game
On October 3, 1920, the first official game of the National Football League (NFL) occurred in Dayton, Ohio, where the Dayton Triangles beat the Columbus Panhandles 14–0.
1920: Cleveland Indians World Series Title and Akron Pros NFL Championship
The Cleveland Indians won a World Series title in 1920 and the Akron Pros won the NFL Championship.
1922: Bulldogs NFL Championship
The Bulldogs won an NFL Championship in 1922.
1922: Klondike Bar Originated
The Klondike bar originated in Mansfield in 1922.
1923: Bulldogs NFL Championship
The Bulldogs won an NFL Championship in 1923.
1924: Dum Dums Lollipops Originally Produced
Dum Dums lollipops were originally produced in Bellevue, Ohio in 1924.
1924: Bulldogs NFL Championship
The Bulldogs won an NFL Championship in 1924.
1926: Lincoln Highway Becomes U.S. Route 30
Upon the advent of the federal numbered highway system in 1926, the Lincoln Highway through Ohio was designated as U.S. Route 30.
1933: Great Depression Impact on Ohio
By 1933, during the Great Depression, over 40% of factory workers and 67% of construction workers were unemployed in Ohio, with the state unemployment rate reaching 37.3%.
July 21, 1934: Highest Recorded Temperature
On July 21, 1934, the highest recorded temperature in Ohio was 113 °F (45 °C), near Gallipolis.
March 9, 1937: Anna (Shelby County) Earthquake
On March 9, 1937, the most substantial known earthquake in Ohio history, the Anna (Shelby County) earthquake, occurred with a magnitude of 5.4.
1940: Ohio Census
From just over 45,000 residents in 1800, Ohio's population grew faster than 10% per decade (except for the 1940 census) until the 1970 census, which recorded just over 10.65 million Ohioans.
1940: Cincinnati Reds World Series Title
The Cincinnati Reds won a World Series title in 1940.
1944: Missed General Election
Since 1896, Ohio has had only three misses in the general election (1944, 1960, 2020).
1948: Cleveland Indians World Series Title
The Cleveland Indians won a World Series title in 1948.
1950: Browns NFL Championship
The Browns won an NFL Championship in 1950.
1952: First Live Rock 'n Roll Concert
In 1952, Alan Freed, who emerged from the swing dance culture in Cleveland, hosted the first live rock 'n roll concert in Cleveland.
1953: Spangler Candy Company Made Dum Dums Lollipops
Dum Dums lollipops have been made by Spangler Candy Company in Bryan, Ohio since 1953.
1953: Discovery of Oversight in Ohio's Statehood
In 1953, during preparations for Ohio's sesquicentennial, it was discovered that Congress had not passed a formal resolution admitting Ohio as the 17th state. Congressman George H. Bender introduced a bill to admit Ohio retroactively to March 1, 1803. The Ohio state legislature approved a new petition for statehood that August.
1954: Browns NFL Championship
The Browns won an NFL Championship in 1954.
1955: Browns NFL Championship
The Browns won an NFL Championship in 1955.
1960: Missed General Election
Since 1896, Ohio has had only three misses in the general election (1944, 1960, 2020).
1963: Pro Football Hall of Fame
Canton was enshrined as the home of the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1963.
1963: Pro Football Hall of Fame Established in Canton
In 1963, Canton, Ohio was enshrined as the home of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
1964: Perfect Streak
Since 1896, Ohio had the longest perfect streak of any state, voting for the winning presidential candidate in each election from 1964 to 2016.
1964: Browns NFL Championship
The Browns won an NFL Championship in 1964.
1965: Appalachian Regional Development Act
In 1965, Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, defining 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia to address poverty and economic despair.
1967: No Ohio Team Has Won the Super Bowl
Despite the Browns success in the NFL in the first half of the 20th century, no Ohio team has won the Super Bowl since its inception in 1967.
1967: Carl Stokes Elected Mayor of Cleveland
In 1967, Carl Stokes was elected mayor of Cleveland and became the first African American mayor of one of the nation's 10 most populous cities.
1970: Ohio Census
From just over 45,000 residents in 1800, Ohio's population grew faster than 10% per decade (except for the 1940 census) until the 1970 census, which recorded just over 10.65 million Ohioans.
1970: Kent State Shooting
In 1970, an Ohio Army National Guard unit fired at students during an antiwar protest at Kent State University, killing four and wounding nine. The protests were mainly due to the United States' invasion of Cambodia during the Vietnam War.
1974: Ohio Lottery Contributions
As of 2020, the Ohio Lottery has contributed more than $26 billion to education beginning in 1974.
1975: Cincinnati Reds World Series Title
The Cincinnati Reds won a World Series title in 1975.
1976: Cincinnati Reds World Series Title
The Cincinnati Reds won a World Series title in 1976.
July 1979: Ohio Trade Mission to China
In July 1979, Ohio Governor Jim Rhodes led a State of Ohio Trade Mission to China, leading to the development of economic ties and a sister state-province relationship with Hubei province.
1979: Last Service to Columbus Union Station
In 1979, Columbus Union Station was last served by the National Limited passenger rail service.
1980: U.S. Supreme Court Ruling on Ohio River Boundary
In 1980, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the boundary between Ohio and Kentucky (and West Virginia) is the northern low-water mark of the Ohio River as it existed in 1792.
1982: Grand Prix of Cleveland Hosted CART Races
The Grand Prix of Cleveland hosted CART races from 1982 to 2007.
1983: Winter Guard International Championships
Between 1983 and 2003, Winter Guard International has hosted national championships in performing arts at the University of Dayton 18 times.
January 31, 1986: Earthquake in LeRoy Township
On January 31, 1986, an earthquake of 5.0 occurred in LeRoy Township in Lake County, Ohio.
1990: Ohio's Population Center
As of 2000, Ohio's center of population is located approximately 6,346 feet (1,934 m) south and west of Ohio's population center in 1990.
1990: Manufacturing Job Loss
From 1990 to 2019, Ohio lost over 300,000 manufacturing jobs, but added over 1,000,000 non-manufacturing jobs, demonstrating the shift away from industry.
1990: Cincinnati Reds World Series Title
The Cincinnati Reds won a World Series title in 1990.
1993: National Voter Registration Act
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993, was cited in a 2016 lawsuit against Ohio's policy of purging infrequent voters.
1994: Implementation of Voter Purging Policy
Since 1994, Ohio has had a policy of purging infrequent voters from its voter rolls.
2000: Ohio's Center of Population
As of 2000, Ohio's center of population is located in Morrow County, in the county seat of Mount Gilead.
2000: Decline in Union Membership
In 2000, 17.4% of Ohioan workers were union members, demonstrating the decline in the industrial sector.
2002: Help America Vote Act
The Help America Vote Act of 2002, was cited in a 2016 lawsuit against Ohio's policy of purging infrequent voters.
2003: Winter Guard International Championships
Between 1983 and 2003, Winter Guard International has hosted national championships in performing arts at the University of Dayton 18 times.
2005: Winter Guard International Championships
Since 2005, Winter Guard International has permanently hosted national championships in performing arts at the University of Dayton.
2006: Drop in Median Household Income
From 2006–07 to 2008–09, Ohio's median household income dropped 7% due to the Great Recession.
December 2007: Job Losses During Recession
From December 2007 to September 2010, Ohio lost 376,500 jobs due to the Great Recession.
2007: Job Situation Compared to Pre-Recession
In 2015, the state was lacking 45,000 jobs compared to the pre-recession numbers of 2007.
2007: Grand Prix of Cleveland Hosted CART Races
The Grand Prix of Cleveland hosted CART races from 1982 to 2007.
2008: Unemployment Rate Increase
In 2008, Ohio's unemployment rate rose from 5.6% in the first two months to higher levels due to the Great Recession.
2008: Top Companies Headquartered in Ohio
In 2008, fifty-nine of the United States' top 1,000 publicly traded companies by revenue were headquartered in Ohio, including Procter & Gamble, Goodyear Tire & Rubber, AK Steel, Timken, Abercrombie & Fitch, and Wendy's.
December 2009: Peak Unemployment Rate
In December 2009 and January 2010, Ohio's unemployment rate peaked at 11.1% during the Great Recession.
2009: Income Growth
Ohio's overall income grew in Ohio from 2009 to 2012, with an overall 7.1% increase in income growth.
January 2010: Peak Unemployment Rate
In December 2009 and January 2010, Ohio's unemployment rate peaked at 11.1% during the Great Recession.
May 2010: Unemployment Rate
In May 2010, Ohio's unemployment rate was 10.7%.
September 2010: Job Losses During Recession
From December 2007 to September 2010, Ohio lost 376,500 jobs due to the Great Recession.
2010: Largest Christian Denominations
According to the ARDA, in 2010 the largest Christian denominations by adherents in Ohio were the Catholic Church with 1,992,567, the United Methodist Church with 496,232, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 223,253, the Southern Baptist Convention with 171,000, the Christian Churches and Churches of Christ with 141,311, the United Church of Christ with 118,000, and the Presbyterian Church (USA) with 110,000.
2010: Foreign-Born Residents in Ohio
In 2010, Ohio had 469,700 foreign-born residents, representing 4.1% of the state's total population. Of these, 229,049 were naturalized U.S. citizens, and 240,699 were not. The largest groups were from Mexico, India, China, Germany, Philippines, United Kingdom, Canada, Russia, South Korea and Ukraine.
2010: Business Climate Ranking
In 2010, Ohio was ranked second in the country for best business climate by Site Selection magazine, based on a business-activity database.
2010: Language Spoken
In 2010, about 6.7% of Ohio's population, aged 5 and older, reported speaking a language other than English. Spanish was spoken by 2.2%, other Indo-European languages by 2.6%, Asian and Austronesian languages by 1.1%, and other languages by 0.8%. English was spoken by 10,100,586 people, Spanish by 239,229, German by 55,970, Chinese by 38,990, Arabic by 33,125, and French by 32,019.
2010: United States Census Bureau
In the 2020 census, The United States Census Bureau counted 11,808,848 in Ohio, a 2.4% increase since the 2010 United States census.
2010: Voter Demographic
Since the 2010 midterm elections, Ohio's voter demographic has leaned towards the Republican Party.
2011: Ohio's Child Population
As of 2011, 27.6% of Ohio's children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups, and 6.2% of Ohio's population was under five years of age.
December 31, 2011: Earthquake Northwest of Youngstown
On December 31, 2011, an earthquake occurred approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) northwest of Youngstown, Ohio, registering a 4.0 magnitude.
2012: Income Growth
Ohio's overall income grew in Ohio from 2009 to 2012, with an overall 7.1% increase in income growth.
August 2014: Unemployment Rate Returns to Pre-Recession Levels
By August 2014, Ohio's unemployment rate returned to 5.6%, the level it was before the Great Recession.
2014: Importance of Religion
In 2014, a Pew Forum poll found that 56% of Ohioans felt religion was "very important", 25% felt it was "somewhat important", and 19% felt it was "not too important/not important at all". 38% of Ohioans indicated that they attended religious services at least once weekly.
April 2015: Labor Force Participation
In April 2015, Ohio's labor force participation rate was 63%, slightly above the national average.
2015: Ohio's Gross Domestic Product
By 2015, Ohio's gross domestic product was $608.1 billion, the seventh-largest economy among the 50 states.
April 2016: Lawsuit Filed Against Voter Purging Policy
In April 2016, a lawsuit was filed challenging Ohio's policy of purging infrequent voters from its rolls, alleging violations of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 and the Help America Vote Act of 2002.
November 2016: Federal Court Ruling Impacting Voter Purging
In November 2016, a federal district court's preliminary injunction, which prevented the purging of voters, was upheld by the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, ensuring thousands could vote in the election.
2016: Ohio Voted for Donald Trump
In the 2016 presidential election, Ohio voted for Republican Donald Trump at larger margins than the nation as a whole.
2016: Gross Domestic Product
Ohio's gross domestic product (GDP) was $626 billion in 2016, ranking the state's economy as the seventh-largest among all 50 states and Washington, D.C.
2016: Cleveland Cavaliers NBA Championship
The Cleveland Cavaliers won an NBA Championship in 2016.
2018: Income Tax Burden
In 2018, the bottom 20% of earners in Ohio contributed 12.3% of their income towards various taxes, while the top 1% only paid 6.5%.
June 10, 2019: Earthquake North-Northwest of Eastlake
On June 10, 2019, an earthquake occurred approximately 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) north-northwest of Eastlake under Lake Erie, registering a 4.0 magnitude.
2019: Manufacturing Job Loss
From 1990 to 2019, Ohio lost over 300,000 manufacturing jobs, but added over 1,000,000 non-manufacturing jobs, demonstrating the shift away from industry.
2019: Columbus Corporations on Fortune 500 List
In 2019, Columbus had six corporations named to the U.S. Fortune 500 list: Alliance Data, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, American Electric Power, L Brands, Huntington Bancshares, and Cardinal Health.
2019: Ohio's GDP Ranking
In 2019, Ohio ranked seventh in GDP among U.S. states, maintaining its status as an industrial state with the third-largest manufacturing sector and second-largest automobile production.
2019: Mike DeWine Governor of Ohio
Mike DeWine has been the governor of Ohio since 2019.
March 9, 2020: COVID-19 Pandemic Reaches Ohio
On March 9, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic reached Ohio, with three cases reported.
2020: Ohio Lottery Contributions
As of 2020, the Ohio Lottery has contributed more than $26 billion to education since 1974.
2020: Ohio Seats in U.S. House of Representatives
Following the 2020 census, Ohio has 15 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives.
2020: Predominant Religion
In 2020, Christianity remained the predominant religion in Ohio, according to ARDA's study. Non-denominational Christianity was the largest Protestant cohort, numbering 1,411,863, while Catholicism remained the single-largest denomination with 1,820,233 adherents. Ohio had the second largest Amish population of all U.S. states, with about 80,000 adherents.
2020: Ohio's Voter Accessibility Ranking
In 2020, a study ranked Ohio as the 17th hardest state for citizens to vote in.
2020: United States Census Bureau
In the 2020 census, The United States Census Bureau counted 11,808,848 in Ohio.
2020: Ohio Voted for Donald Trump
In the 2020 presidential election, Ohio voted for Republican Donald Trump at larger margins than the nation as a whole.
2021: Religion in Ohio
According to the 2021 American Values Survey by the Public Religion Research Institute, 64% of Ohioans identified as Christian. Mainline Protestants made up 19%, Evangelical Protestants 17%, Historically Black Protestants 7%, and Catholics 18% of Ohio's population. Around 30% were unaffiliated with any religious body.
2022: General Assembly Majority
As of the 2022 election cycle, the Republican Party is the majority party in both houses of the Ohio General Assembly.
2022: Decline in Union Membership
In 2022, 12.8% of Ohioan workers were union members, demonstrating the decline in the industrial sector.
2022: Cincinnati Bearcats Football Playoff
In 2022, the Cincinnati Bearcats football team became the first "Group of Five" team to qualify for the College Football Playoff.
2022: Homeless Population
In 2022, there were an estimated 10,654 homeless people in Ohio, according to HUD's Annual Homeless Assessment Report.
February 2023: COVID-19 Deaths in Ohio
As of February 2023, over 41,600 Ohioans have died from COVID-19.
2023: Employment Statistics
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the total number of people employed in Ohio in 2023 was 5,081,279. In 2023, the total number of unique employer establishments was 255,049.
2023: Income and Poverty Statistics
In 2023, Ohio's per capita income was $60,402, ranking 38th in the U.S., and the state's median household income was $65,720. Also in 2023, 13.4% of the population was living below the poverty line.
2023: Constitutional Amendment
In 2023, Ohioans approved a constitutional amendment strengthening abortion rights.
2024: Ohio State Buckeyes Football Record
As of 2024, the Ohio State Buckeyes football team has a 977–335–53 overall record and a 30–29 bowl record.
2024: Registered Voters
As of 2024, there are more than 8 million registered Ohioan voters, of which over 70% are not affiliated with any political party.
2024: Federal Representatives
As of the 2024 election cycle, ten federal representatives are Republicans while five are Democrats.
2024: Ohio Voted for Republican Donald Trump
In the 2024 presidential election, Ohio voted for Republican Donald Trump at larger margins than the nation as a whole.
May 2025: Unemployment Rate
As of May 2025, Ohio's unemployment rate stood at 4.9%, down from 10.7% in May 2010.
2025: Small Business Statistics
In 2025, 99.6% of businesses in Ohio were small businesses, which employed 2.2 million people, or 43.8% of the state's work force.
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