History of Pokémon in Timeline
Pokémon is a Japanese media franchise that encompasses video games, an animated series, films, a trading card game, and various other media. Set in a shared universe, it features humans co-existing with Pokémon, creatures that possess unique abilities. While primarily aimed at children aged 5 to 12, the franchise has a broad appeal that attracts fans of all ages.
1932: Inspiration from the Film Freaks
The title of Satoshi Tajiri's magazine, Game Freak, was inspired by the 1932 film Freaks. This film had a significant influence on Tajiri during his youth.
March 1983: First Issue of Game Freak Magazine
In March 1983, Satoshi Tajiri published the first issue of Game Freak magazine at the age of 17. This magazine filled a gap in the market for video game publications in Japan.
1983: Ishihara Joins Sedic
In 1983, Tsunekazu Ishihara joined Sedic, a company that created video graphics and software. This was a significant step in Ishihara's career in the video game industry.
1985: Nintendo Entertainment System launch budget
In 1985, the launch budget for the Nintendo Entertainment System was approximately the same amount as the budget allocated for Pokémon's launch in the US years later.
1986: Formation of Informal Game Freak Development Team
In 1986, Satoshi Tajiri, Ken Sugimori, and other enthusiasts formed an informal development team called Game Freak. This team laid the groundwork for the creation of the Pokémon franchise.
1987: 4Kids Entertainment Becomes NoA's Licensing Agent
In 1987, 4Kids Entertainment, led by CEO Alfred R. Kahn, became the licensing agent for Nintendo of America. This partnership would later prove pivotal for Pokémon's global expansion, as 4Kids handled both the localization of the anime and the licensing of merchandise.
1987: Inspiration from Dragon Quest II
In 1987, Satoshi Tajiri drew inspiration from the role-playing game Dragon Quest II. An experience with the game's item rarity system influenced the concept of trading in the Pokémon games.
1987: Release of Otocky
In 1987, Sedic released its only video game, Otocky. This game was one of the early works in the video game industry involving Tsunekazu Ishihara.
March 1989: Foundation of Ape, Inc.
In March 1989, Nintendo co-founded Ape, Inc. with Itoi. Ape's principal work was the role-playing game Mother, but it also provided a platform for pitching new, innovative games. Tajiri's relationship with Ishihara, involved with Ape's management, led him to present his idea for Pokémon at Ape's office, which caught the attention of Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi.
April 26, 1989: Incorporation of Game Freak Co., Ltd.
On April 26, 1989, Satoshi Tajiri officially incorporated Game Freak Co., Ltd. This marked the formal establishment of the company that would later develop the Pokémon games.
1989: Development of Quinty
In 1989, Game Freak developed the puzzle game Quinty, which was published by Namco. This was one of the early projects by Game Freak before the creation of Pokémon.
1990: Development Contract for Pocket Monsters
In 1990, the development contract for Pocket Monsters was signed, with Tajiri directing the project under Ishihara's management. Despite a low budget from Nintendo, the project aimed to create a small game based on Tajiri's core idea of exchanging. However, the ambitious nature of the project led to its suspension as Game Freak realized the complexities involved.
1991: Ishihara Becomes Vice-President of Ape, Inc.
In 1991, Ishihara, a friend of both Itoi and Tajiri, became the vice-president of Ape, Inc. This relationship played a significant role in the early conceptual stages of Pokémon.
1991: Japan's Economic Stagnation
Starting in 1991, Japan's economy stagnated, leading to a loss of its status as an economic superpower. Despite this, the 1990s and 2000s saw Japan re-emerge as a source of 'cool' cultural goods, including popular video game consoles and franchises.
October 1992: Poll to Determine Pokémon Popularity
By October 1992, many Pokémon designs were created, and a poll among Game Freak staff was held to gauge their popularity. This poll was part of the ongoing but sporadic development efforts for Pokémon, which had mostly stalled until 1994.
1993: Magic: The Gathering's Influence
In 1993, Magic: The Gathering was first released in the United States, gaining popularity across various regions, including Asia. This game influenced the creation of the Pokémon Trading Card Game.
1994: Development of Pokémon RPG and Card Game Concept
By 1994, the concept behind the Pokémon RPG was being adapted into a collectible card game, inspired by Magic: The Gathering. Contributions came from multiple staff members involved in EarthBound.
1994: Renewed Effort to Finish Pokémon
In 1994, after releasing Pulseman, Game Freak decided to make a serious effort towards completing Pokémon. The team, now more experienced, incorporated new ideas such as the Pokedex and different colored cartridges, which would become key features of the game.
November 8, 1995: Founding of Creatures, Inc.
On November 8, 1995, Ishihara founded Creatures, Inc. Co-ownership of the Pokémon property was assigned to Creatures, making Pokémon have three legal owners: Game Freak, Creatures, and Nintendo. This structure is uncommon and was noted for its uniqueness in the industry.
December 1995: Completion of Pocket Monsters Red and Green
In December 1995, Pocket Monsters Red and Green were finally finished. Despite the games being completed, the official release was delayed to early 1996 due to manufacturing processes.
December 21, 1995: Missed Release Date for Pocket Monsters Red and Green
Pocket Monsters Red and Green were initially scheduled for release on December 21, 1995, but the date was missed. The games were eventually published in early 1996, but the copyright notice still reflects the year 1995.
1995: Pitch to Nintendo and Agreement with Media Factory
In 1995, Ishihara pitched the Pokémon card game to Nintendo, who agreed to manufacture the cards. However, the distribution was later handled by Media Factory, led by Satoshi Kayama, who foresaw the rise of collectible card games in Japan.
1995: Game Boy Revival Due to Mario's Picross
In 1995, the Game Boy experienced a small revival in Japan due to the success of Mario's Picross, directed by Ishihara and co-developed by Ape. This revival indirectly supported the continued production and sales of the Game Boy, aiding the subsequent release of Pocket Monsters.
February 27, 1996: Release of the First Pokémon Games
On February 27, 1996, the first Pokémon games, developed by Game Freak and founded by Satoshi Tajiri, were released on the Game Boy. These games became sleeper hits and marked the beginning of the Pokémon franchise.
February 28, 1996: Release of Pocket Monsters Manga
On February 28, 1996, the first chapter of the Pocket Monsters manga, written and drawn by Kosaku Anakubo, was featured in the March/April issue of Bessatsu CoroCoro Comic. This release followed the launch of Pokémon Red and Green by a day. The manga was well received according to surveys conducted by Shogakukan.
April 15, 1996: Legendary Pokémon Offer Announcement
On April 15, 1996, the May issue of CoroCoro announced the 'Legendary Pokémon Offer,' promoting a mysterious Pokémon called Mew. Readers participated by sending postcards, and 20 winners were chosen to have Mew uploaded onto their cartridges. This promotion significantly boosted sales of Pokémon Red and Green, which surpassed 1 million units by September 1996.
July 21, 1996: Release of Game Boy Pocket
On July 21, 1996, Nintendo released the Game Boy Pocket, a slimmer and improved version of the Game Boy. Although coincidental, this release benefited the upcoming launch of Pocket Monsters by providing a refreshed platform for the games.
August 1996: Convincing Stakeholders for Pokémon Anime
In August 1996, Kubo convinced stakeholders, including Nintendo and Ishihara, about the potential of a Pokémon anime despite initial hesitations. This led to the eventual approval of the anime series.
September 26, 1996: Approval of Pokémon Anime
On September 26, 1996, Kubo's proposal for the Pokémon anime was officially approved by Nintendo of Japan. This marked the first time Nintendo licensed a TV series.
October 20, 1996: Release of Pokémon Card Game
On October 20, 1996, the first set of the Pokémon card game was released, alongside booster packs containing 10 randomly inserted cards. The cards became an instant success, with 87 million units shipped by March 1997, and 499 million by March 1998.
1996: Minoru Arakawa's Interest in North American Launch
In 1996, Minoru Arakawa, then-president of Nintendo of America, showed interest in launching Pokémon in North America. Despite initial skepticism from NoA executives, who doubted the game's appeal to American children, Arakawa's efforts laid the groundwork for Pokémon's eventual success in the U.S.
March 1997: Sales Milestone of Pokémon Cards
By March 1997, six months after the launch of the Pokémon card game, 87 million Pokémon cards had been shipped, showcasing the game's massive success.
April 1, 1997: Pocket Monsters Premiere
On April 1, 1997, the anime 'Pocket Monsters' premiered on TV Tokyo. This event marked a significant milestone as the show quickly became the highest-rated program on the network by November of the same year. The anime played a crucial role in broadening the franchise's audience, particularly attracting more girls to Pokémon products, partly due to Pikachu's popularity.
April 1997: Formation of Pokémon Copyright Council
In April 1997, a copyright council was formed, headed by Ishihara. The council met every Tuesday at Creatures' office in Tokyo to discuss Pokémon-related events, Shogakukan publication plans, and merchandise proposals. The council was highly selective, approving only about 5% of the 7,500 merchandise applications submitted in 1997, ensuring the brand's quality and integrity.
May 1997: Nagatanien Begins Selling Pokémon-Branded Food
In May 1997, food manufacturer Nagatanien started selling Pokémon-branded curry, furikake, and baking mixes. This move proved successful, helping the company report net profits in fiscal years '97 and '98 despite the collapse of one of its major sales channels in December 1997.
December 1997: Nagatanien's Sales Channel Collapse
In December 1997, Nagatanien faced a significant challenge when Toshoku, one of its biggest sales channels, collapsed. Despite this setback, the company reported net profits for fiscal years '97 and '98, thanks to its successful Pokémon-licensed products.
December 16, 1997: 'Dennō Senshi Porygon' Incident
On December 16, 1997, the Pokémon anime faced a crisis when its 38th episode, 'Dennō Senshi Porygon,' triggered adverse health effects in over 10,000 viewers due to its intense flashing lights. The incident led to the temporary suspension of the show and the implementation of new broadcasting guidelines to prevent similar occurrences.
1997: Tamagotchi Fad Paves the Way for Pokémon
The Tamagotchi fad of 1997-98, which centered around a portable digital pet device, was said to have paved the way for the success of Pokémon.
1997: 'Pokémon' Name and Space World Announcement
In 1997, Alfred R. Kahn of 4Kids Entertainment suggested the name 'Pokémon' for the franchise, adding an acute accent to the 'e' for flair and pronunciation. The project was officially approved by NoJ president Hiroshi Yamauchi and announced at Space World 1997. However, the 'Dennō Senshi Porygon' incident shortly after created resistance to its overseas introduction.
March 1998: Expansion of Licensed Pokémon Products
By March 1998, 35 companies were offering licensed Pokémon goods, with approximately 700 different products available. This expansion provided a significant economic boost to Japan during a period of economic stagnation. Companies like Tomy, Bandai, and Meiji Seika produced various Pokémon-themed toys and snacks.
March 1998: Further Sales Success of Pokémon Cards
The Pokémon card game saw explosive growth in sales following the debut of the Pokémon anime series, with 499 million cards produced by March 1998 in Japan.
March 1998: Production of Pokémon cards
By March 1998, 499 million Pokémon cards had been produced, half a year before Pokémon's overseas launch.
April 16, 1998: Return of Pokémon Anime Series
On April 16, 1998, the Pokémon anime series resumed broadcasting after a hiatus caused by the 'Dennō Senshi Porygon' incident. The show returned with new episodes, following the implementation of stricter broadcasting guidelines to ensure viewer safety.
April 23, 1998: Foundation of Pokémon Center Co. Ltd.
On April 23, 1998, Pokémon Center Co. Ltd. was founded as a joint venture by Nintendo, Creatures, and Game Freak. The company was initially formed to manage specialized merchandise stores called Pokémon Centers.
July 18, 1998: Premiere of 'Pocket Monsters the Movie: Mewtwo Strikes Back'
On July 18, 1998, 'Pocket Monsters the Movie: Mewtwo Strikes Back' premiered in Japan. The film, later released in the West as 'Pokémon: The First Movie,' was already in the storyboard stage when the 'Dennō Senshi Porygon' incident occurred. Its release marked a significant milestone in the Pokémon franchise.
September 7, 1998: First broadcast of Pokémon anime
On September 7, 1998, the Pokémon anime was broadcast for the first time.
September 12, 1998: Release of Pokémon Pikachu in Japan
On September 12, 1998, the game 'Pokémon Pikachu' was released in Japan. This game, later known in the West as Pokémon Yellow, was an adaptation of Pokémon Blue and was designed to resemble the TV series more closely. The game's release capitalized on the widespread popularity of Pikachu, a character that had become a significant draw for children.
September 28, 1998: Pokémon Red and Blue Versions release
Pokémon Red Version and Blue Version were released on September 28, 1998, three weeks after the anime's first broadcast.
November 1998: Game Boy Color release
Coinciding with Pokémon's North American launch, the Game Boy Color was released in November 1998.
1998: Pokémon presented at MIP TV in Cannes
From April 3–8, 1998, the Pokémon series was presented at MIP TV in Cannes, France, but broadcasters were initially hesitant due to its Japanese origins.
1998: Rise of Monster-Taming Games
In 1998, titles like Dragon Warrior Monsters and Robopon Sun and Star emerged, following the archetype established by the Pokémon series in the monster-taming subgenre of RPGs.
1998: Localization and distribution strategy
In 1998, 4Kids, directed by Norman J. Grossfeld, localized the Pokémon anime with the belief in Americanizing it. Despite initial reluctance from national TV stations, 4Kids self-financed the production costs and, with NoA's help, contracted numerous broadcasters.
1998: Global Expansion of Pokémon
From 1998, Pokémon began its expansion to the rest of the world, creating an unprecedented global phenomenon known as 'Pokémania'. This marked the start of Pokémon's international success.
1998: Establishment of The Pokémon Company
In 1998, Nintendo, Game Freak, and Creatures established The Pokémon Company (TPC) to manage the Pokémon property within Asia. This was a significant step in organizing the franchise's management.
January 9, 1999: Launch of Pokémon Trading Card Game
The Pokémon Trading Card Game was officially launched nationwide on January 9, 1999.
January 10, 1999: Pokémon anime debut in Beijing
The Pokémon anime debuted in Beijing on January 10, 1999.
February 13, 1999: Pokémon launches on Kids' WB
On February 13, 1999, Pokémon launched on the Kids' WB national television block, with the debut episode becoming the most-watched premiere in Kids' WB's history.
March 1999: Increased production of Pokémon cards
By March 1999, the total number of Pokémon cards shipped reached 764 million.
April 1999: Pokémania in the US
By April 1999, Pokémon had become a phenomenon in the US, referred to as 'Pokémania' by journalists. Severe scarcity of Pokémon goods was reported.
July 14, 1999: Pokémon anime debut in South Korea
The Pokémon anime series debuted in South Korea on July 14, 1999.
August 3, 1999: Scarcity of Pokémon goods in the US
On August 3, 1999, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported severe scarcity of Pokémon goods in the US, with a Toys 'R' Us manager stating that a supply of 600 booster packs would last 24 hours.
August 1999: Shigeru Miyamoto
In August 1999, Shigeru Miyamoto, a key figure in the gaming industry, was involved with the Pokémon franchise. His contributions and influence within Nintendo were significant in shaping the direction and success of Pokémon during this period.
September 1999: Lawsuit Against Pokémon Cards
In September 1999, a US-based law firm filed a class-action lawsuit against Nintendo of America and others, claiming that Pokémon booster packs constituted a form of lottery and promoted gambling in children.
October 1999: Pokémon franchise launch in Europe
In October 1999, the Pokémon franchise was launched in key European markets including Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Spain.
November 3, 1999: South Park Satirizes Pokémon
On November 3, 1999, South Park aired the episode 'Chinpokomon', satirizing the Pokémon franchise as a low-quality product line used by the Japanese government in an evil plan.
November 12, 1999: Pokémon: The First Movie Premiered in North America
Pokémon: The First Movie premiered in North America on November 12, 1999. Despite negative reviews from many Western critics, it became one of the most successful Japanese animated films of all time.
November 1999: Peak of Pokémania in the United States
November 1999 was estimated to have been the peak of Pokémania in the United States, supported by the American release of The First Movie and a large promotional campaign with Burger King.
November 1999: Pokémon merchandise scarcity in Europe
In November 1999, USA Today reported that despite increased production, demand for Hasbro's Pokémon toys still exceeded supply, leading to scarcity in Europe.
November 1999: Rise in Pokémon-Related Crimes
In November 1999, Western media reported a peak in Pokémon-related crimes in the US, including violence, burglaries, robberies, and shoplifting, mostly involving Pokémon cards and underage individuals. High prices on the grey market motivated some of these crimes.
December 1999: Pokémon anime broadcast in Scandinavia
The Pokémon anime started broadcasting in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in December 1999.
1999: Massive Run on Stocks of Pokémon Licensees
In the summer of 1999, a massive run on stocks of publicly traded Pokémon licensees caused their value to increase dramatically. However, by November, most investors were shorting their shares, realizing that Pokémon was a fad that would peak and fall at some point.
1999: Pokémon Fad in the West
In 1999, Pokémon became an unprecedented fad in the Western world, described by Time magazine as a multimedia barrage. The franchise elicited mixed reactions from parents and teachers.
1999: Nintendo's 250% Profit Increase Due to Pokémon Craze
In 1999, Nintendo experienced a 250% increase in profits compared to the previous year, reaching a six-year high. The Pokémon franchise significantly contributed to this surge, accounting for over 30% of Nintendo's revenue. This financial success came during a time when Nintendo was losing dominance in the home console market to Sony's PlayStation. The global success of Pokémon helped compensate for this loss.
1999: Peak of Pokémania in North America
In 1999, Pokémania peaked in North America, with the Pokémon franchise reaching unprecedented levels of popularity.
February 2000: Pokémon: The First Movie in Europe
In February 2000, Pokémon: The First Movie premiered in European countries. While a box-office success, it received negative reviews from Western film critics.
February 2000: Pokémon anime debut in Israel
In February 2000, the Pokémon anime debuted in Israel. Despite the absence of official Red and Blue releases, the franchise still became a success in the country.
March 2000: Further growth in Pokémon card production
By March 2000, Pokémon card production had grown to 4.255 billion cards, manufactured in both Japanese and American factories.
April 2000: Pokémon-Related Delinquency in England
April 2000 saw a spike in Pokémon-related delinquency in England. Similar to the US, incidents included various crimes associated with Pokémon cards. The high value of rare cards on the grey market tempted older kids and bullies to exploit weaker children.
April 29, 2000: Pokémon Anime Bumped Off Kids' WB's #1 Spot
On April 29, 2000, the Pokémon anime was bumped off Kids' WB's #1 spot after holding it for 54 weeks. Around the same time, Pokémon was also surpassed at Fox Kids by its rival Digimon.
September 4, 2000: 4Kids Named Fastest-Growing Company in America
On September 4, 2000, 4Kids, a firm that expanded thirty times in revenues, was named the fastest-growing company in America by Fortune magazine. The company's success was significantly attributed to its involvement with the Pokémon franchise.
October 15, 2000: Release of Pokémon Gold and Silver in North America
Pokémon Gold and Silver were released in North America on October 15, 2000. These games were the successors to the original Red/Green/Blue games.
October 2000: Reformatting of Pokémon Center Co. Ltd. into The Pokémon Company
In October 2000, Pokémon Center Co. Ltd. was officially renamed and reformatted into The Pokémon Company (TPC). The goal of TPC was to centralize and streamline the global management of Pokémon under the leadership of Satoru Iwata, who had joined Nintendo of Japan in June.
2000: Continued Pokémon Craze
The Pokémon craze continued into 2000, maintaining its status as a ubiquitous fad. This period marked significant growth and visibility for the franchise.
2000: Trademark Issues and Renaming to Pokémon
In 2000, due to trademark issues with the term 'Capsule Monsters', Game Freak renamed their project to 'Pocket Monsters', which became known as Pokémon. This change was crucial for the game's branding.
2000: Publication of TV Games: Encyclopedia of Video Games
In 2000, Tsunekazu Ishihara contributed to the publication of TV Games: Encyclopedia of Video Games. This work highlighted Ishihara's extensive knowledge and connections within the video game industry.
2000: Pokémon's Impact on Perception of Japan
In 2000, Kamo found that American children who thought Pokémon was cool were more likely to view Japan positively, attributing Pokémon's success to Japan's cultural power.
2000: Ownership Structure of Pokémon Noted
In 2000, Hatakeyama and Kubo noted the uncommon ownership structure of Pokémon, which involves three different companies. This structure contrasts with the single-company ownership model seen with other major properties like those of The Walt Disney Company.
2000: Development of Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire Begins
From 2000 to 2002, Game Freak developed Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire for the newly released Game Boy Advance. The development team aimed to counter the belief that the Pokémon franchise was nearing its end.
2000: End of the Initial Pokémon Craze
By the year 2000, the initial craze for Pokémon, known as 'Pokémania', had started to decline. However, the franchise continued to release new products and remained a significant part of popular culture.
2000: Global success of Pokémon
By the end of 2000, Pokémon games were released in 70 countries, the anime was broadcast in 51 countries, the films were released in 33 countries, and the cards had been translated into 11 languages.
2000: Decision to Feature Pikachu in Pokémon Anime
In 2000, the production council decided to make Pikachu a central character in the Pokémon anime, expecting it to appeal to a broad audience. This choice was influenced by suggestions from multiple council members.
January 20, 2001: Pokémon Trading Card Market Collapse in the US
On January 20, 2001, The New York Times reported that Pokémon's trading card market had collapsed in the US, signaling a decline in the Pokémon craze.
February 2001: Establishment of Pokémon USA (PUSA)
In February 2001, Pokémon USA (PUSA) was established as an affiliated firm of The Pokémon Company. The company's first president was Tatsumi Kimishima, who later became president of NoA and subsequently president of NoJ.
April 6, 2001: Release of Pokémon Gold and Silver in Europe
Pokémon Gold and Silver were released in Europe on April 6, 2001, following their North American release.
June 2001: Survey Confirms Pokémon's Popularity Waning in the UK
A June 2001 survey in the United Kingdom confirmed that Pokémon's popularity was waning there, reflecting the global decline of the Pokémon craze.
October 2001: 4Kids Entertainment Continues Partnership
In October 2001, 4Kids Entertainment signed a new contract with PUSA to continue serving as Pokémon's exclusive licensing agent and anime localizer.
2001: Opening of American Pokémon Center in New York City
In 2001, an American Pokémon Center was opened in New York City. This store operated until 2005 before reopening as Nintendo World, later renamed Nintendo New York.
November 21, 2002: Release of Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire in Japan
Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire were released in Japan on November 21, 2002, introducing 135 new Pokémon and bringing the total number to 386.
2002: End of Pokémania
By 2002, the Pokémon craze, known as 'Pokémania,' had largely ended globally, marking the end of an era for the franchise.
2002: Post-Pokémania Era
By 2002, the initial Pokémon craze had ended. Despite this, Pokémon continued to be a major fixture in popular culture with ongoing releases of new products.
2002: Poaching of Wizards of the Coast Employees by PUSA
By 2002, the relationship between Pokémon USA and Wizards of the Coast had deteriorated, with at least seven high-profile employees being poached from Wizards by PUSA.
2002: Leadership Change in Pokémon USA
In 2002, Tatsumi Kimishima was succeeded by Akira Chiba as the president of Pokémon USA (PUSA).
2002: Completion of Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire Development
In 2002, the development of Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire was completed, setting the stage for their subsequent release.
2002: Weekly Pokémon Broadcasting Station Airs
In 2002, the variety show Weekly Pokémon Broadcasting Station premiered on TV Tokyo. It was later aired in English as part of Pokémon Chronicles.
March 2003: PUSA Ends Contract with Wizards of the Coast
In March 2003, Pokémon USA informed Wizards of the Coast that their contract would not be renewed and that Wizards would not distribute the new Ruby & Sapphire card set.
March 2003: Establishment of Pokémon UK
In March 2003, Pokémon UK was established in London as the British representative of The Pokémon Company.
October 1, 2003: Wizards of the Coast Files Suit Against Pokémon USA
On October 1, 2003, Wizards of the Coast filed a lawsuit against Pokémon USA, alleging intellectual property and trade secrets seizure, and illegal competitive practices. The case was settled out of court.
2003: Interest in Japan Due to Pokémon
By 2003, Allison found that many children were interested in Japan and wanted to study Japanese or travel there, influenced by Pokémon and other Japanese goods.
2004: Decline of Pokémon's Shelf Space in Toy Stores
By the summer of 2001, Pokémon's shelf space in Japanese and U.S. toy stores was a fraction of what it was in the fall of 1999. By 2004, this decline was widely acknowledged.
2004: Buckingham & Sefton-Green's Analysis of Pokémon's Impact on Nintendo
In 2004, Buckingham & Sefton-Green wrote that Nintendo, one of Japan's most profitable corporations, might have struggled to survive without the Pokémon franchise. This statement highlights the significant impact Pokémon had on Nintendo's financial stability and success.
2004: Planning for Remakes of Older Pokémon Games
In 2004, Game Freak began planning remakes of older Pokémon installments, starting with FireRed and LeafGreen, which were remakes of the original Red and Green games.
2004: Debates on Pokémon's Japanese Identity
In 2004, Iwabuchi questioned the extent of Pokémon's Japanese identity versus its universal appeal, noting that Japanese nationalists celebrated its global success as a reflection of Japanese cultural power.
2004: Cultural Differences in Pokémon Reception
In 2004, Yano attributed the lesser criticism of Pokémon in Japan to cultural differences, including acceptance of consumerism and a less moralizing religious backdrop. Despite this, Pokémon cards were banned in some Japanese schools.
2004: Moral Panic Over Pokémon
In 2004, Yano described the reactions to the Pokémon craze as a moral panic, reflecting ongoing concerns about the franchise's impact on children and culture.
2004: Anti-Pokémon Sentiment
In 2004, concerns about Pokémon's commercial nature and its impact on children were countered by psychologist William Damon, who suggested that such obsessions were part of normal development.
2004: Criticism of Pokémon Trading Cards
In 2004, criticism was directed at Pokémon trading cards, particularly booster packs. Tobin described the rarity as artificially created, likening it to gambling for children.
2004: Weekly Pokémon Broadcasting Station Ends
The variety show Weekly Pokémon Broadcasting Station ended its run on TV Tokyo in 2004. This show was part of the broader Pokémon anime universe.
December 23, 2005: End of 4Kids Entertainment Contract
On December 23, 2005, it was announced that 4Kids Entertainment's agreement with PUSA would not be renewed, expiring on December 31. PUSA decided to handle all licensing in-house and took over the localization of the anime, replacing most of the original English voice actors to cut costs.
2005: Pokémon Center in New York City Reopens as Nintendo World
In 2005, the American Pokémon Center in New York City was reopened as Nintendo World, which was later renamed Nintendo New York.
September 28, 2006: Release of Pokémon Diamond and Pearl in Japan
Pokémon Diamond and Pearl were released for the Nintendo DS in Japan on September 28, 2006, marking the start of Generation IV in the Pokémon video game series.
2006: Planning for Pokémon Diamond and Pearl
By 2006, Game Freak had already started planning the sequels to Ruby and Sapphire, known as Pokémon Diamond and Pearl.
2006: Criticism of Pokémon Anime
In 2006, Allison noted that even members of Pokémon's US marketing team agreed the anime's visuals were not sophisticated compared to Disney cartoons, echoing earlier criticisms.
2006: Pokémon's Influence on US Market Perceptions
In 2006, Anne Allison noted that Pokémon's success was a breakthrough in the US market, challenging preexisting assumptions and positively influencing Japan's economic and cultural power.
2006: Discussion on Nintendo's Ownership of Pokémon
In 2006, Anne Allison wrote about Nintendo's involvement with Pokémon, mentioning that Nintendo bought the property after its completion. This highlights the complex ownership and the significant role Nintendo played in the franchise's success.
2006: Diamond and Pearl Release
In 2006, Pokémon Diamond and Pearl were released. These games were classified by Junichi Masuda as part of Generation 4 of the core Pokémon RPG series. The release marked a significant point in the franchise's history.
April 22, 2007: Release of Pokémon Diamond and Pearl in North America
Pokémon Diamond and Pearl were released for the Nintendo DS in North America on April 22, 2007, featuring enhanced Wi-Fi capabilities and the ability to trade and battle Pokémon globally.
2007: Spectrobes Release
In 2007, Spectrobes was released, adding to the roster of games that followed the Pokémon-style monster-taming genre.
September 28, 2008: Release of Pokémon Platinum in Japan
Pokémon Platinum, a third version in the Generation IV series, was released in Japan on September 28, 2008, with new features and enhancements over Diamond and Pearl.
March 22, 2009: Release of Pokémon Platinum in North America
Pokémon Platinum was released in North America on March 22, 2009, continuing the Generation IV series with new content and improvements.
September 12, 2009: Release of Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver in Japan
Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver, remakes of the original Gold and Silver games, were released in Japan on September 12, 2009 as part of Generation IV.
2009: Invizimals Release
Invizimals, a game in the monster-taming genre, was released in 2009, continuing the trend set by Pokémon.
2009: Formation of The Pokémon Company International
In 2009, The Pokémon Company International (TPCi) was formed as a subsidiary of TPC to manage the Pokémon franchise in regions outside of Asia. This allowed for better coordination of the franchise's global operations.
2009: Formation of The Pokémon Company International
In 2009, Pokémon USA and Pokémon UK merged to form The Pokémon Company International, which manages the Pokémon franchise outside of Asia.
March 14, 2010: Release of Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver in North America
Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver were released in North America on March 14, 2010, offering a blend of familiar and new content for players.
September 18, 2010: Release of Pokémon Black and White in Japan
Pokémon Black and White were released in Japan on September 18, 2010 for the DS, introducing over 150 new Pokémon and enhanced 3D graphics.
March 6, 2011: Release of Pokémon Black and White in North America
Pokémon Black and White were released in North America on March 6, 2011, aiming to attract both new and returning players with new features and improved gameplay.
2011: Pokémon Expands to Mobile Market
Until 2011, Pokémon games were exclusively released on Nintendo's consoles. With the rise of smartphones, The Pokémon Company started developing and publishing games for mobile phones.
June 23, 2012: Release of Pokémon Black 2 and White 2 in Japan
Pokémon Black 2 and White 2, the direct sequels to Black and White, were released in Japan on June 23, 2012 for the DS, maintaining continuity with the game world.
October 7, 2012: Release of Pokémon Black 2 and White 2 in North America
Pokémon Black 2 and White 2 were released in North America on October 7, 2012, offering new updates and features to appeal to both newcomers and returning players.
October 12, 2013: Release of Pokémon X and Y Worldwide
Pokémon X and Y were released worldwide for the 3DS on October 12, 2013, marking the first global release of Pokémon games. They featured fully 3D graphics and new game mechanics focused on bonds and evolution.
2013: X and Y Release
Pokémon X and Y were released in 2013, marking the 6th generation of the core Pokémon RPG series. These games were developed by Game Freak and continued the tradition of categorizing games into generations.
November 21, 2014: Release of Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire Worldwide
Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire, remakes of the original Ruby and Sapphire games, were released worldwide for the 3DS on November 21, 2014, with enhanced 3D graphics and new features.
November 28, 2014: Release of Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire in Europe
Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire were released in Europe on November 28, 2014, continuing the Generation VI series with modern enhancements.
2014: Google Maps Pokémon Challenge
In 2014, the Google Maps Pokémon Challenge was introduced as an April Fools' Day joke. This prank, conceived by Tsunekazu Ishihara and Satoru Iwata, later inspired the creation of Pokémon Go.
July 2016: Revenue and Popularity Surge for Pokémon Go
In July 2016, Pokémon Go generated more than $160 million by the end of the month. The app's daily revenue was around $10 million, and it surpassed the average daily usage of popular apps like Snapchat and Facebook on Android devices.
September 2, 2016: Revenue Milestone for Pokémon Go
By September 2, 2016, Pokémon Go had generated more than $440 million in worldwide revenue, according to Sensor Tower. This marked a significant financial milestone for the game.
November 18, 2016: Release of Pokémon Sun and Moon Worldwide
Pokémon Sun and Moon were released worldwide for the 3DS on November 18, 2016. The games drew inspiration from Hawaii and focused on the concept of Pokémon as living creatures, celebrating the 20th anniversary of the franchise.
November 23, 2016: Release of Pokémon Sun and Moon in Europe
Pokémon Sun and Moon were released in Europe on November 23, 2016, continuing to explore the themes of life and the relationship between the Sun, Moon, and Earth.
2016: Release of Pokémon Go
In the summer of 2016, Pokémon experienced a resurgence with the release of Pokémon Go, an augmented reality game developed by Niantic. This game sparked another wave of global interest in the franchise.
2016: Pokémon Go Craze
Pokémon Go, an augmented reality game developed by Niantic, was released in 2016. It created a worldwide craze during the summer, significantly impacting the mobile gaming market.
2016: Release of Pokémon Go
In 2016, the Pokémon franchise experienced a resurgence with the release of Pokémon Go, a mobile augmented reality game. The app, which began as a Google April Fools' Day joke in 2014, was turned into a real game developed by Niantic. It quickly became a global phenomenon.
November 17, 2017: Release of Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon
On November 17, 2017, Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon were released worldwide. These enhanced versions added an alternate storyline, additional characters, Pokémon, and other features. They were developed by a mix of younger staff members and veterans, as the veterans prioritized more important titles. The developers considered these games to be their culmination with the 3DS.
November 16, 2018: Release of Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee!
On November 16, 2018, Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee! were released for the Nintendo Switch. These Generation VII games aimed to introduce newcomers to the series and featured capture mechanics similar to Pokémon Go.
2018: Detective Pikachu Release
In 2018, the adventure game Detective Pikachu was released. This game is part of the Pokémon spin-off series and diverges from the core RPGs that are commonly classified in generations by Game Freak.
2018: Miyamoto Reflects on His Role in Pokémon
In a 2018 retrospect, Shigeru Miyamoto downplayed his advisory role in the development of Pokémon, stating his contributions were limited. Despite this, Miyamoto's suggestion of using different colored cartridges was a notable influence on the game's final design.
November 15, 2019: Release of Pokémon Sword and Shield
On November 15, 2019, Pokémon Sword and Shield were released for the Switch. These Generation VIII games introduced a gigantic-size Pokémon core mechanic and featured a wide-open space setting.
2019: Detective Pikachu Film Release
Detective Pikachu, a live-action/animated film based on the video game of the same name, was released in 2019. This film expanded the Pokémon franchise into new media formats.
June 17, 2020: Release of The Isle of Armor DLC
On June 17, 2020, the first part of the Pokémon Sword and Shield DLC, The Isle of Armor, was released. It included additional storylines, places, Pokémon, characters, and other features.
October 22, 2020: Release of The Crown Tundra DLC
On October 22, 2020, the second part of the Pokémon Sword and Shield DLC, The Crown Tundra, was released. It added more storylines, places, Pokémon, characters, and other features.
2020: Resurgence of Pokémon Card Popularity
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a resurgence in the popularity of Pokémon cards. Influencers like Logan Paul and various YouTube content creators fueled this trend, causing supply shortages and safety concerns in retail outlets.
2020: Pokémon the Movie: Secrets of the Jungle
The 23rd Pokémon anime film, Pokémon the Movie: Secrets of the Jungle, was released in 2020. This film is the latest addition to the extensive list of Pokémon movies.
November 19, 2021: Release of Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl
On November 19, 2021, Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl were released for the Switch. These Generation VIII remakes were developed by ILCA and featured traditional game mechanics with enhanced 3D graphics.
2021: Monster Crown Release
Monster Crown was released in 2021, further expanding the genre of monster-taming games inspired by Pokémon.
January 28, 2022: Release of Pokémon Legends: Arceus
On January 28, 2022, Pokémon Legends: Arceus was released for the Switch. As a prequel to Diamond and Pearl, this Generation VIII game introduced real-time capture mechanics and featured a landscape similar to The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild.
November 18, 2022: Release of Pokémon Scarlet and Violet
On November 18, 2022, Pokémon Scarlet and Violet were released for the Switch. These Generation IX games introduced an entirely open-world experience and unique road quests, along with an improved multiplayer experience.
2022: Golin Harris Advises NoA to Change Slogan
In 2022, Golin Harris, NoA's ad agency, advised them to move away from the 'Gotta catch 'em all!' slogan, reasoning that it would be daunting for new players and not advantageous from a marketing and legal perspective.
March 2023: 480 Million Pokémon Game Units Sold
As of March 2023, over 480 million Pokémon game units have been sold worldwide, according to Pokémon's official website. This milestone highlights the franchise's massive global success.
April 2023: Pokémon Horizons Premieres
In April 2023, Pokémon Horizons: The Series premiered, introducing new protagonists Liko and Roy. This series marked a new chapter in the Pokémon anime, which has over 1,200 episodes across 26 seasons.
October 2023: 52.9 Billion Pokémon Cards Produced
By October 2023, The Pokémon Company reported that 52.9 billion Pokémon cards had been produced. This statistic underscores the enduring popularity of the Pokémon trading card game.
October 20, 2023: Pocket ni Boken o Tsumekonde Premieres
On October 20, 2023, the live-action television drama Pocket ni Boken o Tsumekonde premiered on TV Tokyo. This show was produced by The Pokémon Company and TV Tokyo.
December 14, 2023: Release of The Indigo Disk DLC
On December 14, 2023, The Indigo Disk, the second part of the Pokémon Scarlet and Violet DLC, was released. It expanded the game's content and storyline.
2023: Market research and budget allocation
In 2023, market research indicated that American kids did not favor Pokémon. However, Arakawa ignored the study and allocated a budget reportedly equal to or more than $50 million (c. $93.47 million in 2023) for Pokémon's launch in the US, convinced of its potential.
2023: Market research and budget allocation
In 2023, market research indicated that American kids did not favor Pokémon. However, Arakawa ignored the study and allocated a budget reportedly equal to or more than $50 million (c. $93.47 million in 2023) for Pokémon's launch in the US, convinced of its potential.
2023: High Value of Pokémon Cards
By 2023, rare Pokémon cards continued to fetch high prices, with some selling for around $91. The high value of these cards has historically been linked to various criminal activities.
January 11, 2024: Release of Epilogue to The Hidden Treasure of Area Zero
On January 11, 2024, an epilogue to The Hidden Treasure of Area Zero DLC for Pokémon Scarlet and Violet was released, providing additional content and storyline closure.
January 2024: 24 Pokémon Merchandise Shops Exist in Japan
As of January 2024, a total of 24 Pokémon merchandise shops exist in Japan, continuing the legacy of Pokémon Centers that started with the first location in Nihonbashi, Tokyo.
January 2024: Introduction of 1,025 Pokémon Species
By January 2024, the Pokémon franchise had introduced a total of 1,025 Pokémon species, starting from the original 151 in Pokémon Red and Blue. This milestone reflects the franchise's continued growth and evolution.
February 2024: Announcement of Pokémon Legends: Z-A
In February 2024, TPCI announced Pokémon Legends: Z-A, set to release in 2025. This upcoming game promises to continue the evolution of the Pokémon series.
2024: Palworld Release
In 2024, Palworld was released, continuing the legacy of monster-taming games that trace their roots back to Pokémon.