Discover the career path of Pope, from the first major opportunity to industry-changing achievements.
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome and the head of the Catholic Church, also known as the supreme pontiff. From the eighth century to 1870, the Pope ruled the Papal States, and since 1929, has governed Vatican City. The position's authority stems from the Catholic belief that the Pope is the successor to Saint Peter, who was given primacy by Jesus. The current Pope is Francis, elected on March 13, 2013.
In 1929, Vatican City was established. Since 1929, the pope is the head of state of Vatican City.
In 1929, the Lateran Treaty between Fascist Italy and the Holy See established Vatican City to ensure its temporal and spiritual independence.
In 1929, the Lateran Treaty established Vatican City as an independent city-state, guaranteeing papal independence from secular rule.
In 1950, Pope Pius XII defined the Assumption of Mary as dogma, marking a rare instance of a pope speaking ex cathedra since papal infallibility was explicitly declared.
In 1964, the Second Vatican Council declared a Dogmatic Constitution on the Church.
In 1973, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops' Committee on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs and the USA National Committee of the Lutheran World Federation included a passage in a larger statement on papal primacy during an official Catholic-Lutheran dialogue.
In 1978, John Paul II was elected. He was the first non-Italian pope since 1522.
Until 1978, the pope's election was followed in a few days by the papal coronation.
In 1983, the Code of Canon Law states the requirements for validity if the Roman Pontiff resigns his office.
In 1996, Pope John Paul II promulgated Universi Dominici Gregis, outlining regulations for a papal interregnum.
For the Papal conclave in 2005, a special urn was used instead of a chalice and plate.
Starting with the Papal conclave in 2005, church bells are also rung as a signal that a new pope has been chosen.
On October 2007, theologians from the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches issued the Ravenna Document.
In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI revoked the allowance of a simple majority after a twelve-day deadlock for papal elections.
On February 2013, Benedict XVI vacated the Holy See. He was the first to resign since 1415.
On March 2013, Francis was elected as the Pope, becoming the head of the worldwide Catholic Church.
In June 2013, Pope Francis signed an encyclical using his name in Latin, "Franciscus".
In the 21st century, Francis played a role in brokering the 2015 improvement in relations between the United States and Cuba.
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