Silver is a soft, lustrous, whitish-gray transition metal with the symbol Ag and atomic number 47. It boasts the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. Silver is found in its elemental form, in alloys, and in minerals like argentite and chlorargyrite within the Earth's crust. A significant portion of silver production comes as a byproduct of refining other metals such as copper, gold, lead, and zinc.
In 1978, radiogenic silver was first discovered in the Santa Clara meteorite, indicating the presence of unstable nuclides in the early Solar System.
Around 1984, scientists began to understand the chemical characteristics of silver and its potential toxicity in marine life, noting that mercury is the only trace metal with greater toxicity.
In 1999, the global demand for photographic silver peaked at 267,000,000 troy ounces (8,304.6 tonnes).
In 2007, the Texas Legislature designated silver as the official precious metal of the state of Texas.
By 2013, the market for silver nitrate and silver halides in photography had contracted by almost 70% from its peak in 1999, due to the rise of digital cameras.
In 2022, Mexico was the top producer of silver with 6,300 tonnes, representing 24.2% of the world's total production.
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