Career Timeline of Stephen Kalong Ningkan: Major Achievements and Milestones

From career breakthroughs to professional milestones, explore how Stephen Kalong Ningkan made an impact.

Stephen Kalong Ningkan was a significant Malaysian politician, notably serving as the inaugural Chief Minister of Sarawak. He holds the distinction of being the first ethnic Iban to assume this prominent role, leading the state from 1963. His tenure as Chief Minister concluded in 1966 when he was removed from office. Ningkan's leadership marked a crucial period in Sarawak's early history within Malaysia, shaping its political landscape in the formative years following independence.

Sections (4)

Full Timeline Early Life & Education Career & Achievements Challenges & Struggles

1938: Worked as rubber fund clerk

In 1938, Ningkan started working as a rubber fund clerk.

1939: Worked as rubber fund clerk

In 1939, Ningkan continued to work as a rubber fund clerk.

1940: Joined Sarawak Constabulary

In 1940, Ningkan resigned from his previous job to join the Sarawak Constabulary.

1942: Police Constable

In 1942, Ningkan served as a police constable.

1944: Joined Services Reconnaissance Department

In 1944, Ningkan joined the Services Reconnaissance Department (SRD), an underground movement based in Jesselton.

1946: Resigned from Sarawak Constabulary

In 1946, Ningkan resigned from the Sarawak Constabulary.

1947: Teacher at former school

From 1947, Ningkan became a teacher at his former school in Betong.

1950: Began working at Shell hospital

In 1950, Ningkan started working at a Shell hospital in Kuala Belait, Brunei.

1950: Teacher at former school

Until 1950, Ningkan continued to work as a teacher at his former school in Betong.

1958: Founded Brunei Dayak Association

In 1958, Ningkan founded the Brunei Dayak Association and became its president.

April 1961: Established the Sarawak National Party

On April 10, 1961, Ningkan established the Sarawak National Party (SNAP) by uniting the Iban people of Saribas.

1961: Ended working at Shell hospital

In 1961, Ningkan stopped working at the Shell hospital in Kuala Belait, Brunei.

October 1962: Launched Sarawak chapter of the Alliance Party

In October 1962, as SNAP secretary-general, Ningkan launched the Sarawak chapter of the Alliance Party in anticipation of the 1963 district council elections.

1963: SNAP won majority of local council seats

In 1963, SNAP under the Sarawak Alliance won a majority of local council seats, which led to Ningkan becoming the first Chief Minister of Sarawak.

1963: Stephen Kalong Ningkan became Chief Minister

In 1963, Stephen Kalong Ningkan became the first Chief Minister of Sarawak, marking a significant career milestone.

1963: Appointment as Chief Minister of Sarawak

In 1963, specifically on July 22, Ningkan was appointed as the first Chief Minister of Sarawak by Governor Sir Alexander Waddell. The Supreme Council was also formed.

June 1966: Dismissal of Abdul Taib Mahmud and Political Intrigue

On 12 June 1966, Ningkan dismissed Abdul Taib Mahmud, the Minister of Communications and Works, citing loss of confidence and acknowledged a plot to overthrow him. On 13 June, the governor of Sarawak and dissident politicians went to Kuala Lumpur for a meeting. On 14 June, Tunku Abdul Rahman stated that he received a letter from the majority of the Council Negri members asking Ningkan to resign.

September 1966: High Court Reinstatement

In September 1966, Ningkan challenged the governor's actions in the Kuching High Court, which ruled in his favor on 8 September 1966. The court declared the governor's actions ultra vires and reinstated Ningkan, necessitating a formal vote of no confidence. The Chief Justice stated the governor could only dismiss the Chief Minister if the Chief Minister lost the confidence of the House and refused to resign.

September 1966: Removal from Chief Minister's Office

On 23 September 1966, a vote of non-confidence was passed in the Council Negri, resulting in Ningkan's second removal from the chief minister's office.

September 1966: Autonomy Demands and Confederation Idea

On 27 September 1966, Ningkan threatened to pull Sarawak out of Malaysia if autonomy demands regarding information, broadcasting, and customs were not met. He advocated for the North Borneo Confederation (Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei) and sought military protection from Britain, Australia, and New Zealand for an independent Sarawak, envisioning closer ties with Singapore. He attempted to persuade his supporters to declare no confidence in the new chief minister.

1966: Removal from office

In 1966, Stephen Kalong Ningkan was removed from his position as Chief Minister of Sarawak, ending his term in office.

1966: State of Emergency and Federal Intervention

In 1966, after Ningkan's reinstatement, he and SUPP tried to dissolve the Council Negri. However, the federal government imposed a state of emergency in Sarawak due to the perceived chaos. On 14 September, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong proclaimed a state of emergency. On 20 September, the Malaysian parliament amended the Sarawak Constitution to empower the state's governor to commence Council Negri meetings.

1967: Ningkan Opposes National Language Policy

In 1967, Stephen Kalong Ningkan opposed the National Language and Education policies, suggesting the introduction of the Malay language be deferred from 1967 to 1973. He argued Sarawak had a 10-year grace period to decide on adopting Malay as its official language. Tunku Abdul Rahman accused Ningkan of having a "hidden motive", believing the Dayaks who preferred English were influenced by "British imperialists."

August 1968: Privy Council Rejection

On 1 August 1968, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council rejected Ningkan's appeal, with Lord MacDermott stating there was no reason to doubt the gravity and threat to Sarawak's security during the emergency.