Ketanji Onyika Brown Jackson is an American lawyer and jurist serving as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Nominated by President Joe Biden on February 25, 2022, and confirmed by the U.S. Senate, she was sworn into office in 2022. Jackson is the first Black woman and the first former federal public defender to hold a position on the Supreme Court.
On September 14, 1970, Ketanji Onyika Brown Jackson was born. She is an American lawyer and jurist who is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
In 1988, Ketanji Brown Jackson graduated from Miami Palmetto Senior High School as senior class president, expressing her ambition to pursue law and eventually become a judge.
In 1989, while Ketanji Brown Jackson was an undergraduate at Harvard, her uncle Thomas Brown Jr. was sentenced to life in prison for a nonviolent cocaine conviction.
From 1992 to 1993, Ketanji Brown Jackson worked as a staff reporter and researcher for Time magazine.
In 1992, Ketanji Brown Jackson graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor of Arts, magna cum laude. Her senior thesis was titled "The Hand of Oppression: Plea Bargaining Processes and the Coercion of Criminal Defendants".
In 1993, Ketanji Brown Jackson attended Harvard Law School, where she was a supervising editor of the Harvard Law Review.
From 1996 to 1997, Ketanji Brown Jackson served as a law clerk to Judge Patti B. Saris of the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts.
In 1996, Ketanji Brown Jackson graduated from Harvard Law School with a Juris Doctor, cum laude.
In 1996, Ketanji Brown Jackson married surgeon Patrick Graves Jackson, whom she met at Harvard College.
From 1997 to 1998, Ketanji Brown Jackson served as a law clerk to Judge Bruce M. Selya of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.
In 1998, Ketanji Brown Jackson spent a year in private practice at the Washington, D.C., law firm of Miller Cassidy Larroca & Lewin (now part of Baker Botts).
From 1999 to 2000, Ketanji Brown Jackson clerked for Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer.
From 2000 to 2002, Ketanji Brown Jackson returned to private legal practice at the law firm of Goodwin Procter.
In 2000, Ketanji Brown Jackson's clerkship with Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer ended.
From 2002 to 2003, Ketanji Brown Jackson joined the law firm now called Feinberg & Rozen LLP under Kenneth Feinberg.
From 2003 to 2005, Ketanji Brown Jackson was an assistant special counsel to the United States Sentencing Commission.
From 2003 until 2009, Michael E. Horowitz served in the Sentencing Commission.
From 2005 to 2007, Ketanji Brown Jackson was an assistant federal public defender in Washington, D.C.
From 2007 to 2010, Ketanji Brown Jackson was an appellate specialist in private practice at the law firm of Morrison & Foerster.
On July 23, 2009, President Obama nominated Ketanji Brown Jackson as vice chair of the United States Sentencing Commission.
On November 5, 2009, The Senate Judiciary Committee favorably reported Ketanji Brown Jackson's nomination by voice vote.
On February 11, 2010, the Senate confirmed Ketanji Brown Jackson's nomination by voice vote and she succeeded Michael E. Horowitz.
From 2010 to 2011, Ketanji Brown Jackson served on the advisory board of Montrose Christian School, a Baptist school.
In 2010, Ketanji Brown Jackson became the vice chairwoman of the United States Sentencing Commission.
In 2010, Ketanji Brown Jackson left her role as an appellate specialist at the law firm of Morrison & Foerster.
On September 20, 2012, Barack Obama nominated Ketanji Brown Jackson to serve as a United States district judge for the District of Columbia.
In December 2012, Paul Ryan introduced Ketanji Brown Jackson at her confirmation hearing.
In 2012, the D.C. Department of Corrections violated the rights of a deaf inmate during his detention.
On February 14, 2013, the Senate Judiciary Committee favorably reported Ketanji Brown Jackson's nomination by voice vote.
In 2013, Ketanji Brown Jackson was appointed by President Barack Obama to serve as a district judge for the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
In 2013, in the case of American Meat Institute v. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ketanji Brown Jackson rejected the meat packing industry's request for a preliminary injunction to block a United States Department of Agriculture rule requiring them to identify animals' country of origin.
In 2014, Ketanji Brown Jackson ended her service on the Sentencing Commission.
In 2014, Ketanji Brown Jackson ended her term as the vice chairwoman of the United States Sentencing Commission.
In 2014, in Depomed v. Department of Health and Human Services, Ketanji Brown Jackson ruled that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had violated the Administrative Procedure Act when it failed to grant pharmaceutical company Depomed market exclusivity for its orphan drug Gralise.
In 2015, in Pierce v. District of Columbia, Jackson ruled that the D.C. Department of Corrections violated the rights of a deaf inmate under the Americans with Disabilities Act.
In 2016, Ketanji Brown Jackson became a Harvard Board of Overseers member and served until 2022.
In early 2016, Obama administration officials vetted Ketanji Brown Jackson as a potential nominee to the Supreme Court of the United States, to fill the vacancy left by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia. Jackson was one of five candidates interviewed as a potential nominee.
In 2017, Ketanji Brown Jackson presented at the University of Georgia School of Law's 35th Edith House Lecture.
In a 2017 speech, Ketanji Brown Jackson spoke about her family lineage, noting that her ancestors were likely slaves on both sides.
In June 2018, Ketanji Brown Jackson presided over cases challenging the Department of Health and Human Services' decision to terminate grants for teen pregnancy prevention programs two years early and ruled that the decision to terminate the grants early without explanation was arbitrary and capricious.
In 2018, Ketanji Brown Jackson dismissed 40 wrongful death and product liability lawsuits stemming from the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.
In 2018, Ketanji Brown Jackson presided over a mock trial hosted by Drexel University's Thomas R. Kline School of Law, "to determine if Vice President Aaron Burr was guilty of murdering" Alexander Hamilton.
In 2018, Ketanji Brown Jackson was a panelist at the National Constitution Center's town hall on Alexander Hamilton's legacy.
In 2018, in American Federation of Government Employees, AFL-CIO v. Trump, Ketanji Brown Jackson invalidated provisions of three executive orders that would have limited the time federal employee labor union officials could spend with union members.
In 2019, Ketanji Brown Jackson issued a preliminary injunction in Make The Road New York v. McAleenan, blocking a Trump administration rule that would have expanded expedited removal without immigration court hearings for undocumented immigrants.
In 2019, Ketanji Brown Jackson issued a ruling in Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. House of Representatives v. McGahn, compelling former White House Counsel Don McGahn to comply with the subpoena to appear at an impeachment inquiry hearing.
In 2019, Ketanji Brown Jackson ruled that provisions in three Trump executive orders conflicted with federal employee rights to collective bargaining. Her decision was reversed unanimously by the D.C. Circuit.
In 2019, in Center for Biological Diversity v. McAleenan, Ketanji Brown Jackson held that Congress had stripped federal courts of jurisdiction to hear non-constitutional challenges to the United States Secretary of Homeland Security's decision to waive certain environmental requirements to facilitate construction of a border wall on the United States and Mexico border.
In 2019, the D.C. Circuit vacated Ketanji Brown Jackson's ruling on jurisdictional grounds.
In August 2020, the D.C. Circuit affirmed part of Ketanji Brown Jackson's decision in Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. House of Representatives v. McGahn.
During the 2020 United States presidential election campaign, Biden pledged to appoint a black woman to the court should a vacancy occur.
In 2020, Ketanji Brown Jackson gave the Martin Luther King Jr. Day lecture at the University of Michigan Law School and was honored at the University of Chicago Law School's third annual Judge James B. Parsons Legacy Dinner.
In 2020, in a 2–1 ruling, the D.C. Circuit reversed the entry of the preliminary injunction.
In 2020, the D.C. Circuit affirmed Ketanji Brown Jackson's ruling in the case regarding the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.
On March 30, 2021, President Biden announced his intention to nominate Ketanji Brown Jackson as a United States circuit judge for the District of Columbia Circuit.
On April 19, 2021, Ketanji Brown Jackson's nomination for the United States circuit judge for the District of Columbia Circuit was sent to the Senate.
On April 28, 2021, the Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing on Ketanji Brown Jackson's nomination. During the hearing, she was questioned about several of her rulings against the Trump administration.
On June 4, 2021, Don McGahn testified behind closed doors under an agreement reached with the Biden administration.
On June 17, 2021, Ketanji Brown Jackson's service as a district judge ended when she was elevated to the court of appeals.
In 2021, Joe Biden elevated Ketanji Brown Jackson to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
In 2021, Ketanji Brown Jackson's potential nomination to the Supreme Court was supported by civil rights and liberal advocacy organizations, while Republican Party leaders and senators opposed it.
In 2021, conservative activists pointed to certain decisions by Ketanji Brown Jackson that had been reversed on appeal as a "potential blemish on her record".
In the summer of 2021, Ketanji Brown Jackson joined the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit.
In January 2022, The New York Times reported that Jackson had "not yet written a body of appeals court opinions expressing a legal philosophy" because she had recently joined the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit.
On February 25, 2022, Ketanji Brown Jackson was nominated to the Supreme Court by President Joe Biden. That same year she was confirmed by the U.S. Senate and sworn into office.
On June 29, 2022, Ketanji Brown Jackson's service as a circuit judge ended, marking the day before she was sworn in as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
On June 30, 2022, Ketanji Brown Jackson was sworn in and became an associate justice at noon, when Breyer's retirement went into effect.
On September 28, 2022, Ketanji Brown Jackson was assigned as the circuit justice for the First Circuit.
In 2022, Ketanji Brown Jackson ended her term at the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
In 2022, Ketanji Brown Jackson received the Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award, presented by Awards Council members Justice Amy Coney Barrett and retired Justice Anthony Kennedy.
In early 2022, news outlets speculated that Biden would nominate Ketanji Brown Jackson to the U.S. Supreme Court to fill the seat vacated by Justice Breyer.
Since joining the Court at the beginning of the 2022 term, Ketanji Brown Jackson was the most active participant in oral arguments, speaking an average of 1,350 words per argument.
On February 28, 2023, Ketanji Brown Jackson authored her first majority opinion for a unanimous court in Delaware v. Pennsylvania, which involved how unclaimed money from MoneyGrams are distributed among individual states.
On June 1, 2023, Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote the sole dissenting opinion in Glacier Northwest, Inc. v. Teamsters, concerning the power of employers to sue labor unions regarding the destruction of employer property following a strike.
On June 13, 2024, Jackson wrote an opinion, concurring in part and dissenting in part, in Starbucks Corporation v. McKinney, regarding deference to the NLRB authority in labor disputes.
In December 2024, Ketanji Brown Jackson appeared in the Broadway production of & Juliet, portraying herself in a brief cameo. She called it a "lifelong dream of hers".
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