Nina Simone was a remarkably versatile American artist who transcended musical genres. As a singer, songwriter, pianist, composer, and arranger, her work encompassed classical, folk, gospel, blues, jazz, R&B, and pop. Beyond music, she was a powerful voice and activist during the Civil Rights Movement. Her enduring legacy and vocal prowess earned her the No. 21 spot on Rolling Stone's 2023 list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.
Eunice Kathleen Waymon, later known as Nina Simone, was born on February 21, 1933.
Nina Simone spent the summer of 1950 studying at the Juilliard School. She then prepared for an audition at the Curtis Institute of Music but was denied admission, a setback she attributed to racial prejudice.
In 1952, the song "Sinnerman" was featured in the film "The Crimson Pirate," marking an early instance of Simone's music appearing in cinema.
Nina Simone's stage name was inspired in part by the French actress Simone Signoret, whom she had seen in the 1952 film 'Casque d'Or'.
In 1954, Eunice Waymon adopted the stage name "Nina Simone" to conceal her identity from family members who disapproved of her playing jazz music.
1958 marked a significant milestone in Simone's career with her rendition of George Gershwin's "I Loves You, Porgy" reaching number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. This success solidified her presence in the American music scene.
In 1958, Nina Simone recorded "My Baby Just Cares for Me," a song that would later become one of her most recognizable hits. This recording showcases her early talent and foreshadows her lasting impact on the music world.
Nina Simone married Don Ross in 1958 but later regretted the marriage. The same year, she recorded 'I Loves You, Porgy', which became a hit but resulted in significant financial losses due to her selling the rights early in her career.
Nina Simone's career as a jazz vocalist began in 1958 when she was told to sing to her own piano accompaniment at an Atlantic City nightclub. That same year, she released her first hit single in the United States, "I Loves You, Porgy."
Nina Simone released her debut album, 'Little Girl Blue', in February 1959.
Nina Simone married Andrew Stroud, a detective, in December 1961. He became her manager and the father of her daughter but was later abusive.
Nina Simone first recorded her version of "The House of the Rising Sun" in 1961, demonstrating her early interest in folk and blues music.
Nina Simone's 1962 album, 'Nina at the Village Gate', featured songs like 'Brown Baby' and 'Zungo', reflecting her commitment to incorporating her heritage into her music.
Simone's recording of "The House of the Rising Sun" was featured on her 1962 live album "Nina at the Village Gate."
Civil rights leader Medgar Evers was murdered on June 12, 1963, a tragedy that deeply impacted Nina Simone and influenced her music.
The 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama was bombed on September 15, 1963, killing four young black girls. This horrific event fueled Nina Simone's activism and inspired her protest songs.
In 1964, Nina Simone released the powerful civil rights anthem 'Mississippi Goddam' in response to the racial violence and injustice of the time, marking a turning point in her career towards activism.
In 1964, Simone released the album "Broadway-Blues-Ballads," which featured the notable track "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood." This album showcased her versatility and ability to blend genres seamlessly.
1965 marked the release of Simone's influential album "I Put a Spell On You," featuring iconic tracks like "I Put a Spell on You," "Ne me quitte pas," and "Feeling Good." This album solidified her status as a unique and powerful voice in the music world.
By 1965, Simone's renditions of songs like "Sinnerman" and "Feeling Good" began to achieve lasting recognition. These tracks, along with "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood," found new life through cover versions, samples, and soundtracks, cementing her influence on future generations of musicians and solidifying her legacy in popular culture.
Continuing her prolific output, Simone released the album "Wild is the Wind" in 1966. The album included memorable tracks such as "Lilac Wine" and "Wild Is the Wind," further demonstrating her eclectic musical style.
1967 saw the release of Simone's album "Nina Simone Sings the Blues," which featured her rendition of the folk song "The House of the Rising Sun."
Nina Simone signed with RCA Victor in 1967 and released albums like 'Nina Simone Sings the Blues' and 'Silk & Soul', which featured songs addressing social and racial issues.
Simone's thirteenth album, "Silk & Soul," was released in 1967 and featured the Grammy-nominated track "(You'll) Go to Hell."
Nina Simone dedicated her performance at the Westbury Music Fair on April 7, 1968, to Martin Luther King Jr., who had been assassinated just three days prior.
In 1968, Nina Simone released "Ain't Got No, I Got Life", a medley from the musical Hair, which became a surprise hit, reaching number 2 on the UK Singles Chart.
Nina Simone received her first Grammy Award nomination in 1968 for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "(You'll) Go to Hell."
A 26-minute biographical documentary about Nina Simone, simply titled "Nina," was released in 1969. This documentary, directed by Peter Rodis, would later have portions of its footage incorporated into the later film "Nina Simone: La légende (The Legend)."
Nina Simone's 1969 performance at the Harlem Cultural Festival was captured in Questlove's 2021 documentary 'Summer of Soul', showcasing her influence and connection with the Black community.
Simone's rendition of the Bee Gees' "To Love Somebody" reached the UK Top 10 in 1969, showcasing her versatility and appeal across genres.
In September 1970, feeling the pressure of the music industry's boycott against her due to her song "Mississippi Goddam," Nina Simone left the US for Barbados. Her husband and manager, Stroud, interpreted her sudden departure as a desire for divorce, further complicating their personal and professional relationship.
Nina Simone and Weldon Irvine adapted Lorraine Hansberry's unfinished play into the song 'To Be Young, Gifted and Black', which was performed live on Simone's 'Black Gold' album in 1970.
In 1970, author Maya Angelou wrote about Simone's powerful presence, stating that she evoked strong reactions in those who encountered her music or personality.
Footage of Nina Simone singing "Mississippi Goddam" at the Selma to Montgomery marches is featured in the 1970 documentary "King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis."
Simone's album "Black Gold" earned her a second Grammy Award nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance in 1971.
Aretha Franklin recorded a version of 'To Be Young, Gifted and Black' on her 1972 album of the same name, further popularizing the anthem.
By 1974, Nina Simone had recorded more than 40 albums, marking a prolific period in her musical career.
In 1974, still grappling with the aftermath of her self-imposed exile, Simone recorded her last album for RCA, titled "It Is Finished." This marked a period of relative quiet in her recording career.
In a testament to her impact, over 10,000 people paid tribute to Nina Simone on Human Kindness Day in Washington, D.C., in 1974.
Nina Simone delivered a memorable performance at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1976. This performance was filmed and is now available on video thanks to Mercury Studios. It is also screened annually in New York City at an event called "The Rise and Fall of Nina Simone: Montreux, 1976," curated by Tom Blunt.
After a four-year hiatus, Simone returned to recording in 1978 with the album "Baltimore," released by CTI Records. Though not a commercial triumph, the album was well-received critically, signaling a resurgence in her artistic output.
1984 saw Simone recording a live album at the renowned Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London. This period marked a shift in her on-stage persona, where she embraced audience engagement, often sharing anecdotes and taking requests.
In 1985, Simone's struggle with mental health and financial disputes came to a head when she fired a gun at a record company executive, accusing him of stealing royalties.
In 1986, Simone's recording of "My Baby Just Cares for Me" was chosen for a Chanel No. 5 perfume commercial, introducing her music to a new audience and ultimately leading to its revival in popularity.
In a surprising turn of events, Simone's 1958 recording of "My Baby Just Cares for Me" became a huge hit in 1987 after being featured in a Chanel No. 5 perfume commercial in Europe. This unexpected success introduced Simone to a new generation of fans.
Simone's 1958 recording of "My Baby Just Cares for Me" experienced a resurgence in popularity in 1987 after being featured in a Chanel No. 5 perfume commercial, further solidifying its place in her legacy.
Seeking respite and a fresh start, Simone moved to Nijmegen in the Netherlands in 1988. Living a relatively anonymous life, she found moments of peace and even began to rebuild her financial stability after a legal battle concerning the Chanel commercial.
Nina Simone resided in the city of Nijmegen, Netherlands, from 1988 to 1990.
Nina Simone moved away from Nijmegen, Netherlands, in 1990, after residing there for two years.
Nina Simone's music was featured in the soundtrack of the film "La Femme Nikita" in 1990.
After a period of relative stability in Nijmegen, Simone moved to Amsterdam in 1991, where she continued to navigate her personal and creative journey.
Nina Simone's autobiography, "I Put a Spell on You," co-written with Stephen Cleary, was published in 1992.
Nina Simone's autobiography, "I Put a Spell on You," written in collaboration with Stephen Cleary, was published in 1992.
In 1993, Simone released her final album, "A Single Woman," marking the end of her recording career. She settled near Aix-en-Provence in southern France, seeking solace and a sense of permanency.
Nina Simone's music was included in the soundtrack of the film "Point of No Return" in 1993.
In 1994, Nina Simone's music was featured in the film "Shallow Grave."
In 1995, Simone was involved in another incident where she shot and wounded her neighbor's son with an air gun following a dispute. This led to a suspended jail sentence and highlighted the challenges she faced.
During a performance in Newark in 1998, Simone made a significant announcement: she would not be returning to the US. This declaration solidified her commitment to her life in France, where she had found a measure of peace and artistic freedom.
In 1998, the critically acclaimed TV series "Homicide: Life on the Street" featured "Sinnerman" in the episode "Sins of the Father," demonstrating the song's suitability for enhancing the emotional depth and complexity of television dramas.
Nina Simone's music was included in the soundtrack of the Coen brothers film, "The Big Lebowski," in 1998.
1999 saw Nina Simone's music appear in the soundtracks of several films, including "Any Given Sunday," "The Thomas Crown Affair," and "Disappearing Acts."
In 1999, Nina Simone was honored with a lifetime achievement award by the Irish Music Hall of Fame, presented by singer Sinead O'Connor.
Simone's influence continued to be felt through the use of "Sinnerman" in the 1999 remake of "The Thomas Crown Affair," demonstrating the song's timeless appeal and suitability for diverse cinematic narratives.
The use of "Sinnerman" in the TV series "Nash Bridges" in 2000, specifically in the episode "Jackpot," highlights the song's versatility and its ability to complement various genres, including action and crime dramas.
Nina Simone's music was included in the film "Disappearing Acts" in 2000.
Nina Simone received a Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 2000 for her iconic interpretation of "I Loves You, Porgy," cementing her legacy as a musical legend.
In 2001, the popular medical dramedy "Scrubs" used "Sinnerman" in the episode "My Own Personal Jesus." This unexpected pairing showcased the song's ability to evoke a wide range of emotions and resonate with diverse audiences.
Nina Simone's music, including a prominent use of "Feeling Good" in the Season Four promo, was featured in the TV series "Six Feet Under" in 2001.
Nina Simone's music was included in the soundtrack for the film "The Dancer Upstairs" in 2002.
The city of Nijmegen, Netherlands, honored Nina Simone by naming a street after her in 2002. "Nina Simone Street" serves as a tribute to the time she spent living in the city.
The use of "Sinnerman" in the 2002 film "High Crimes" further cemented its place as a captivating and evocative piece of music suitable for heightening tension and intrigue in visual storytelling.
Nina Simone passed away on April 21, 2003.
"Sinnerman" found its way into the TV series "Boomtown" in 2003, further demonstrating its capacity to enhance the emotional impact of various narrative structures and genres.
In 2003, shortly before her death, Nina Simone received an honorary degree from the Curtis Institute of Music, the same institution that had denied her admission decades earlier, which she attributed to racism.
2004 saw Nina Simone's music featured in various productions, including the films "Before Sunset," "Cellular," and the TV series "Six Feet Under."
In 2004, "Sinnerman" was featured in the thriller "Cellular," showcasing its versatility and ability to enhance the suspense and intensity of the film's narrative.
The 2004 biography "Break Down and Let It All Out" revealed Simone's long struggle with bipolar disorder and the lengths to which her friends and caretakers went to ensure she received treatment.
Two books about Nina Simone were published in 2004: "Nina Simone: Break Down and Let It All Out" by Sylvia Hampton and David Nathan, and "Nina Simone" by Kerry Acker.
The city of Nijmegen, along with the De Vereeniging concert hall and a group of over 50 artists, organized a tribute concert in honor of Nina Simone on August 29, 2005. The concert, titled "Greetings from Nijmegen," featured performances by artists such as Frank Boeijen, Rood Adeo, and Fay Claassen.
Plans for a biographical film about Nina Simone were announced in late 2005. The film was set to be based on Simone's 1992 autobiography "I Put a Spell on You" and focus on her relationship with her assistant, Clifton Henderson.
Andrew Stroud's book, "Nina Simone, Black Is the Color," was published in 2005, contributing to the growing body of literature exploring Simone's life and work.
Clifton Henderson, Nina Simone's assistant, passed away in 2006. The planned biopic about Simone was intended to focus on their relationship, though Simone's daughter has refuted claims of a romantic involvement due to Henderson's homosexuality.
In 2006, a remixed version of Simone's "Ain't Got No, I Got Life" by Groovefinder reached the UK Top 30, reintroducing her music to a younger audience.
The year 2006 saw a surge in the use of "Sinnerman" in popular media, with appearances in films like "Déjà Vu," "Miami Vice," and "Golden Door," as well as the TV series "Inland Empire." This signifies the song's enduring appeal and its ability to resonate with diverse audiences across different genres and platforms.
The enduring impact of Simone's "Sinnerman" was evident in 2007 when artists like Timbaland sampled it for his song "Oh Timbaland." This sampling further solidified the song's influence on contemporary music.
Nina Simone's music was included in the soundtracks of several films released in 2008, including "Sex and the City," "The World Unseen," "Revolutionary Road," and "Home."
Lil Wayne's 2008 album "Tha Carter III" featured a sample of Simone's "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood" on the track "Don't Get It," highlighting her influence on hip-hop music and showcasing the timelessness of her work.
In 2009, Nina Simone's music was featured in the films "Watchmen" and "The Saboteur."
Nina Simone was posthumously inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2009, recognizing her lasting impact on the music world and her roots in the state.
A statue honoring Nina Simone was erected on Trade Street in her hometown of Tryon, North Carolina, in 2010. The statue stands as a testament to Simone's significant cultural impact and her connection to her birthplace.
Nadine Cohodas' book "Princess Noire: The Tumultuous Reign of Nina Simone" was published in 2010, offering a detailed account of Simone's life and career.
Nina Simone's music was featured in the film "Repo Men" in 2010.
The year 2011 saw "Sinnerman" featured in two distinct TV series: "Person of Interest" (episode "Witness") and "Shameless" (episode "Kidnap and Ransom"). This illustrates the song's enduring appeal and its ability to connect with diverse narratives and audiences.
In 2012, the critically acclaimed series "Sherlock" used "Sinnerman" in the episode "The Reichenbach Fall," highlighting the song's ability to amplify dramatic tension and emotional depth in modern storytelling.
Singer Meshell Ndegeocello released a tribute album titled "Pour une Âme Souveraine: A Dedication to Nina Simone" in 2012, showcasing her enduring impact on fellow musicians.
Richard Elliott's book, simply titled "Nina Simone," was published in 2013, adding to the collection of biographies about the influential musician.
"Sinnerman" continued to captivate audiences in 2013 with its inclusion in the TV series "The Blacklist" (episode "The Freelancer"), further solidifying its place in popular culture and its ability to complement thrilling narratives.
The film "Beyond the Lights," released in 2014, featured Nina Simone's music in its soundtrack.
The documentary "What Happened, Miss Simone?," directed by Liz Garbus, premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2015. The film was produced with the cooperation of Simone's estate and daughter, offering a counterpoint to the unauthorized Cynthia Mort biopic.
"What Happened, Miss Simone?" was released on Netflix on June 26, 2015, after premiering at Sundance earlier that year. The documentary, featuring previously unreleased footage, offered a closer look at Simone's life and career.
"The Amazing Nina Simone," an independent documentary about the singer's life and music, debuted in theaters in October 2015. The film, written and directed by Jeff L. Lieberman, was made in close collaboration with Simone's siblings, particularly Sam Waymon, after initially involving Simone's daughter Lisa.
Footage of Nina Simone performing "Mississippi Goddam" at the Selma to Montgomery marches was included in the 2015 Liz Garbus documentary "What Happened, Miss Simone?"
Nina Simone's "Take Care of Business" was used as the closing theme for the TV series "The Man from U.N.C.L.E." in 2015.
The Liz Garbus documentary "What Happened, Miss Simone?" received an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary Feature on January 14, 2016.
The Netflix documentary "What Happened, Miss Simone?" received a posthumous Grammy Award nomination for Best Music Film in 2016, introducing Simone's story to a new generation.
The biographical film "Nina," directed by Cynthia Mort and starring Zoe Saldana as Nina Simone, was released in 2016. The film generated controversy and Saldana later expressed regret for taking on the role.
Alan Light's book "What Happened, Miss Simone?: A Biography" was released in 2016, coinciding with the release of the documentary of the same name.
In 2016, the HBO series "Vinyl" featured "Sinnerman" in the episode "The Racket," demonstrating the song's enduring relevance and its capacity to resonate with narratives set against the backdrop of the music industry.
A one-woman show titled "Nina: A Story About Me and Nina Simone" premiered at the Unity Theatre in Liverpool in 2016. The play, described as a "deeply personal and often searing show inspired by the singer and activist Nina Simone," explored the life and legacy of the iconic artist.
2016 saw the inclusion of Nina Simone's music in the film "Hunt for the Wilderpeople" and the TV series "BoJack Horseman." Notably, her cover of Janis Ian's "Stars" was played in the final moments of the season 3 finale of "BoJack Horseman."
The one-woman play "Nina: A Story About Me and Nina Simone" had a run at the Young Vic theatre in London in July 2017, following its successful premiere in Liverpool the previous year. The play subsequently moved on to Edinburgh's Traverse Theatre.
The graduating class of 2021 from the French Institute of Political Studies in Lille (Sciences Po Lille) voted to name their promotion after Nina Simone.
The use of "Sinnerman" in the TV series "Lucifer" in 2017, specifically in the episode "Favorite Son," showcased the song's versatility and its ability to complement diverse narratives, even those with supernatural themes.
R&B artist Mary J. Blige inducted Nina Simone into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2018, highlighting her influence on generations of musicians.
The songs "I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel to Be Free" and "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood" by Nina Simone were included in the film "Acrimony" in 2018.
Jay-Z's song "The Story of O.J.", which sampled Simone's "Four Women," earned her a posthumous Grammy Award nomination for Best Rap Song in 2018.
Nina Simone's lasting influence on music was recognized in 2018 when she was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Nina Simone was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2018, solidifying her place among music legends.
A tribute to Nina Simone titled "Mississippi Goddamn" was performed at the BBC Proms in 2019. The performance, held at the Royal Albert Hall, featured The Metropole Orkest led by Jules Buckley, with vocals provided by Ledisi, Lisa Fischer and Jazz Trio, and LaSharVu.
American rapper Wale paid homage to Simone in his 2019 album "Wow... That's Crazy," which included audio clips of her voice in the track "Love Me Nina/Semiautomatic."
Simone's powerful protest song "Mississippi Goddam" was chosen for preservation in the Library of Congress's National Recording Registry in 2019.
The legacy of Simone's "Sinnerman" continued in 2019 with its inclusion in films like "Harriet" and the TV series "The Umbrella Academy." This ongoing presence in contemporary works demonstrates the song's timelessness and its capacity to connect with new generations.
In 2021, "Sinnerman" was featured in Paul Thomas Anderson's film "Licorice Pizza," further solidifying its enduring presence in popular culture and its capacity to complement diverse cinematic narratives.
In 2021, Simone's lasting contribution to rhythm and blues music was recognized with her induction into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.
Musician Warren Ellis published his book "Nina Simone's Gum" in 2021, a unique work exploring Simone's legacy through a personal artifact.
Nina Simone's music was featured in the film "Nobody," starring Bob Odenkirk, released in 2021.
Questlove's documentary 'Summer of Soul' was released in 2021, featuring footage from the 1969 Harlem Cultural Festival where Nina Simone performed.
The student promotion at the French Institute of Political Studies in Lille, who voted to name themselves "La Promotion Nina Simone" in 2017, graduated in 2021.
In 2023, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Nina Simone at No. 21 on their list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.
Rolling Stone magazine ranked Nina Simone at number 21 on their list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time in 2023, further solidifying her status as a musical icon.