History of Tanzania in Timeline
Tanzania, located in East Africa's Great Lakes region, is bordered by several countries, including Uganda, Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its eastern border is the Indian Ocean. With a population exceeding 62 million according to the 2022 census, it is the most populous country situated entirely south of the equator.
1905: Maji Maji Rebellion Begins
The Maji Maji Rebellion commenced in 1905, marking the beginning of resistance against German colonial rule in East Africa.
1907: Maji Maji Rebellion Ends
The Maji Maji Rebellion concluded in 1907 after brutal repression by German forces.
July 1919: Kionga Triangle Cession and Mandate Commission Ratification
In July 1919, the Commission on Mandates agreed to cede the Kionga Triangle to Portuguese Mozambique and ratified the Anglo-Belgian agreement concerning Ruanda-Urundi.
August 1919: Supreme Council Acceptance
The Supreme Council formally accepted the agreement regarding the transfer of German East Africa in August 1919.
January 1920: Official Transfer and Naming of Tanganyika
The formal transfer of German East Africa to Britain occurred in January 1920, at which time the British territory was officially named "Tanganyika".
1952: Queen Elizabeth II's Accession
Queen Elizabeth II ascended to the British throne in 1952.
1954: Formation of TANU
Julius Nyerere transformed an existing organization into the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) in 1954, aiming to achieve independence for Tanganyika.
1960: Jane Goodall's Chimpanzee Study Begins
In 1960, Jane Goodall began her groundbreaking research on chimpanzee behavior in Gombe Stream National Park, western Tanzania. This study has provided extensive insights into primate behavior and continues to this day.
1960: Nyerere Becomes Minister
Nyerere became a minister in British-administered Tanganyika in 1960.
1960: Frontline States (FLS)
Tanzania was a member of the Frontline States (FLS) from 1960 to 1994, an organization focused on ending apartheid.
December 1961: End of British Rule and Commonwealth Membership
British rule in Tanganyika ended in December 1961, with the nation joining the British Commonwealth and Queen Elizabeth II becoming Queen of Tanganyika.
1961: Nyerere Becomes Prime Minister
Following Tanganyika's independence in 1961, Nyerere became the country's first prime minister.
1961: Tanganyika Independence
Tanganyika gained independence from British rule in 1961 and subsequently joined the British Commonwealth.
1961: Tanzania's Independence and CCM Rule
Tanzania gained independence in 1961, with the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) assuming power. The CCM has remained the ruling party since then, becoming the longest-serving ruling party in Africa.
December 1962: Tanganyika Becomes a Republic
Tanganyika transitioned to a republic with an executive president in December 1962.
1962: Nyerere's Presidency Begins
Julius Nyerere's presidency began in 1962.
1963: Tanganyika and Zanzibar Join the OAU
Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the predecessors of Tanzania, joined the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963.
1963: Zanzibar Revolution
The Zanzibar Revolution, leading to the overthrow of the Arab dynasty, took place in 1963.
April 1964: Merger with Zanzibar
Following the Zanzibar Revolution, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged in April 1964, initially forming the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.
1964: Nyerere's Circular No. 2
In 1964, President Julius Nyerere issued Circular No. 2, a key declaration that shaped Tanzanian foreign policy before 2001. It emphasized independence, sovereignty, human rights, and African unity.
1964: Formation of Tanzania
Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania.
1964: Zanzibar Revolution Massacres
Thousands of Arabs and Indians were killed in the 1964 Zanzibar Revolution.
1964: Child Mortality Rate at Independence
When the United Republic of Tanzania was founded in 1964, the child mortality rate was 335 deaths per 1,000 live births.
1967: Religious Surveys Eliminated from Census
In 1967, religious surveys were removed from government census reports in Tanzania. This makes official statistics on religious affiliation unavailable after this date.
1967: Policy of Foreign Affairs
President Julius Nyerere issued the Policy of Foreign Affairs in 1967. It emphasized independence, human rights, and pan-African unity.
1967: Rural Population Decline
Since at least 1967, the percentage of Tanzania's population living in rural areas has been declining.
1967: Arusha Declaration
The Arusha Declaration in 1967 marked a shift towards socialism and Pan-Africanism in Tanzania, resulting in the nationalization of banks and major industries.
1970: TAZARA Railway Construction Begins
Construction of the TAZARA Railway, connecting Tanzania and Zambia, began in 1970 with Chinese support.
1972: Abolition of Local Government
Local government on the mainland was abolished in 1972 and replaced with direct rule from the central government.
1972: Death of Edward Said Tingatinga
On 1972, Edward Said Tingatinga, founder of the Tingatinga school of painting, passed away. This school is known for its brightly colored enamel paintings on canvas, often depicting people, animals, or daily life.
1975: TAZARA Railway Construction Completed
The TAZARA Railway, linking Tanzania and Zambia, was completed in 1975.
1983: Local Government Elections Held
Local government elections were held in 1983, after the reintroduction of local government in the early 1980s.
1984: Functioning Local Councils Reestablished
Functioning local councils were re-established in 1984 following local elections in 1983.
1985: Mwinyi's Presidency Begins
Ali Hassan Mwinyi became president in 1985.
1985: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
In 1985, the Tanzanian government signed the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).
July 1992: Amendment to Tanzanian Constitution
On July 1, 1992, Tanzania amended its constitution, allowing for multiple political parties. Before this date, the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) was the sole legal party.
1992: Emergence of Chadema as Opposition Party
Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) emerged as the main opposition party in Tanzania in 1992, following the introduction of multiparty politics.
1992: Multi-party System Introduced
Tanzania amended its constitution in 1992 to allow for a multi-party political system.
1993: Arusha Accords with Rwanda
In 1993, the Arusha Accords were signed in Tanzania between the Rwandan government and the Rwandan Patriotic Front. This agreement aimed to end the Rwandan Civil War.
1993: Broadcasting Services Act
The 1993 Broadcasting Services Act in Tanzania allowed for private broadcast networks and recording studios, leading to a diversification of the music scene.
1994: Asian and European Populations
In 1994, the Asian community numbered 50,000 on the mainland and 4,000 on Zanzibar. An estimated 70,000 Arabs and 10,000 Europeans also resided in Tanzania.
1994: Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Tanzania became a founding member of SADC in 1994. This organization succeeded the Frontline States (FLS) and aims to promote peace, security, and economic and political integration among member states.
1995: First Multi-party Elections
Tanzania held its first multi-party elections in 1995, with Benjamin Mkapa elected president.
1996: Tanzania Adopts National Science and Technology Policy
Tanzania adopted its first "National Science and Technology Policy" in 1996.
1998: Vision 2025
The government's "Vision 2025" document, released in 1998, aimed to leverage science and technology to strengthen the Tanzanian economy.
1999: Local Government Reform Programme Enacted
The National Assembly enacted a Local Government Reform Programme in 1999. This program focused on political, financial, and administrative decentralization, along with redefined central-local government relations.
2000: Arusha Accords with Burundi
The Arusha Accords, signed in Tanzania in 2000, sought to bring an end to the Burundi Civil War.
2000: Global Hunger Index Ranking
The Global Hunger Index categorized Tanzania's hunger situation as "alarming" with a score of 42 in 2000.
2001: Bongo Flava Added as Official Music Genre
Bongo Flava was officially recognized as a music genre in Tanzania in 2001, joining Ngoma, Dansi, Kwaya, and Taarab.
2001: Implementation of the New Foreign Policy
Tanzania implemented its first official foreign policy, the New Foreign Policy, in 2001. This policy shifted focus towards economic diplomacy and development, in response to global changes.
2001: Tanzania as a Founding Member of the AU
Tanzania was a founding member of the African Union (AU) in 2001, building upon its involvement in the predecessor organization, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU).
2002: National Irrigation Master Plan
The 2002 National Irrigation Master Plan identified 29.4 million hectares of land in Tanzania suitable for irrigation farming.
2004: National Service Conscription
As of 2004, the conscription service obligation for the Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) was two years.
2004: Commercial Gas Production Begins at Songo Songo Island
Commercial natural gas production started at the Songo Songo Island field in the Indian Ocean in 2004, 30 years after its discovery.
2004: Tourism Receipts in Tanzania
Tanzania earned US$1.74 billion in tourism receipts in 2004.
2005: Tourist Arrivals in Tanzania
590,000 tourists arrived in Tanzania in 2005.
2005: Growth in Electricity Generation
Between 2005 and 2012, Tanzania's electricity generation increased by 63%.
2005: East African Community Customs Union
In 2005, the East African Community (EAC) established a customs union, creating a free trade zone between member states with unified tariffs and trade agreements with external parties.
2005: Stunting Rates in Tanzanian Children
In 2005, the stunting rate in children under 5 years old in the Mara district of Tanzania was 46%, while in Dodoma it was 50%.
2005: Kikwete's Presidency Begins
Jakaya Kikwete became president in 2005.
2007: Societal Views on Homosexuality
A 2007 Pew Research Centre survey indicated that 95% of Tanzanians believed homosexuality should not be accepted by society.
2007: Malaria Prevalence in Children
During 2007-2008, malaria prevalence among children aged 6 months to 5 years varied across regions in Tanzania. Kagera Region had the highest prevalence (41.1%), while Arusha Region had the lowest (0.1%).
2007: National Adaptation Programmes of Action
Tanzania developed its National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) in 2007, as required by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
2008: Malaria Cases
Approximately 11.5 million cases of clinical malaria were reported in Tanzania in 2008.
2008: Impact of the Great Recession
Tanzania was relatively unaffected by the start of the Great Recession in late 2008 due to high gold prices and limited global market integration.
2008: Revision of Science and Technology Policy
Under the One UN Initiative, UNESCO and Tanzanian government bodies collaborated in 2008 to propose revisions to the "National Science and Technology Policy".
2009: Post-Recession Economic Growth
Following the Great Recession which began in late 2008 or early 2009, Tanzania's economy experienced rapid growth, driven by tourism, telecommunications, and banking.
2009: Start of Period of GDP Growth
From 2009 to 2013, Tanzania experienced an average annual GDP per capita growth of 3.5%.
2010: East African Common Market
A common market was established within the EAC in 2010, enabling the free movement of labor, goods, services, capital, and people, along with establishing rights of establishment.
2010: Female Genital Mutilation and Male Circumcision
According to the 2010 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey, 15% of women had undergone female genital mutilation (FGM), while 72% of men had been circumcised. FGM prevalence varied geographically, being most common in certain regions and nonexistent in Zanzibar. Male circumcision rates were above 90% in eastern, northern, and central areas, and below 50% only in the southern highlands.
2010: Undernourishment
Between 2010 and 2012, Tanzania had a higher proportion of undernourished people than all other EAC nations except Burundi.
2010: Changes in Stunting Rates
By 2010, the stunting rate in Mara had decreased to 31%, a 15% reduction. However, Dodoma saw a 7% increase, with the stunting rate rising to 57%.
2010: Tanzania's R&D Expenditure
In 2010, Tanzania allocated 0.38% of its GDP to research and development, and had 69 researchers per million people.
2010: Fertility Rate Statistics
In 2010, Tanzanian government statistics indicated a total fertility rate of 5.4 children per woman. This varied across regions, with urban mainland areas at 3.7, rural mainland areas at 6.1, and Zanzibar at 5.1. A significant percentage of women aged 45-49 had given birth to eight or more children.
2010: Leading Causes of Child Death
In 2010, prematurity and malaria were the leading causes of death among children under five in Tanzania, followed by diarrhoea, HIV, and measles.
2010: Receipts from International Tourists in Tanzania
International tourism generated US$1.255 billion in revenue for Tanzania in 2010.
2010: Discovery of Natural Gas Resources in Tanzania
Since 2010, significant natural gas resources, estimated between 25 to 30 trillion cubic feet, were discovered in Tanzania.
2010: National Research and Development Policy Published
Tanzania's revised science policy, "National Research and Development Policy," was published in 2010. It focused on improving research capacity prioritization and international collaboration.
June 2011: Irrigation Farming
As of June 2011, only 310,745 hectares of land were irrigated in Tanzania, despite a much larger area being suitable for irrigation.
2011: Partnership for Nutrition in Tanzania (PANITA) Established
In 2011, Save the Children, with support from UNICEF and Irish Aid, launched PANITA to address nutrition challenges in Tanzania through civil society organizations.
2011: Mobile Phone and Internet Usage in Tanzania
In 2011, Tanzania had 56 mobile phone subscribers per 100 people and about 12% internet usage. Fixed-line phone penetration was low, and despite a fiber-optic network replacing satellite service, internet bandwidth remained limited.
2011: Limited Access to Electricity in Tanzania
Only 15% of Tanzanians had access to electricity in 2011.
April 2012: Start of Dar Rapid Transit (DART) Phase One
Construction of the first phase of the Dar es Salaam Rapid Transit (DART) system began in April 2012.
2012: Tanzania's Population
According to the 2012 census, Tanzania's total population was 44,928,923, with 44.1% aged under 15.
2012: Tanzania's Coal Production and Domestic Use
All of Tanzania's coal production, totaling 106,000 short tons, was used domestically in 2012.
2012: Access to Improved Water and Sanitation
In 2012, 53% of Tanzania's population had access to improved drinking water sources, and 12% used improved sanitation facilities.
2012: Life Expectancy and Child Mortality
In 2012, life expectancy at birth in Tanzania was 61 years, and the under-five mortality rate was 54 per 1,000 live births.
2012: Value of Natural Gas Production in 2012
In 2012, the value of natural gas produced in Tanzania served as a baseline for the substantial increase seen in 2013.
2012: National Climate Change Strategy
Tanzania formulated its National Climate Change Strategy in 2012 to address the growing concerns about the impact of climate change.
2012: Electricity Generation and Losses in Tanzania
Tanzania generated 5.771 billion kWh of electricity in 2012. About 18% of the electricity generated was lost due to theft and transmission/distribution issues.
2012: Agricultural Sector Growth
Tanzania's agricultural sector experienced a growth rate of 4.3% in 2012.
2012: Review of National Research and Development Policy
The National Research and Development Policy was reviewed in 2012.
2012: Assets of the Tanzanian Banking Industry
The assets of the Tanzanian banking industry in 2012 provided the baseline for a 15% increase seen in 2013.
2013: Agriculture's Contribution to GDP
Agriculture contributed 24.5% to Tanzania's GDP in 2013 and employed half of the workforce.
2013: Further Review of National Research and Development Policy
Another review of the policy was conducted in 2013.
2013: Growth of Tanzania's Banking Industry Assets
At the end of 2013, Tanzania's banking industry held TSh 19.5 trillion in assets, a 15% increase compared to 2012.
2013: End of Period of GDP Growth
By 2013, Tanzania concluded a period of strong economic growth, outperforming most other East African Community members in per capita GDP growth.
2013: Increase in Natural Gas Reserves and Production Value
By the end of 2013, Tanzania's total natural gas reserves exceeded 43 trillion cubic feet. The value of natural gas produced in 2013 was US$52.2 million, a 42.7% increase from 2012.
2013: Composition of the House of Representatives
In 2013, Tanzania's House of Representatives comprised 81 members. This included 50 elected members, five regional commissioners, the attorney general, ten presidential appointees, and fifteen appointed female members.
2013: Industry and Construction's Contribution to Tanzania's Economy
In 2013, industry and construction significantly contributed to Tanzania's economy, making up 22.2% of the GDP. This included mining, manufacturing, energy, water supply, and construction sectors. Gold was a major export, accounting for 89% of mineral export revenue.
2013: Major Food and Cash Crops
In 2013, maize was Tanzania's largest food crop, while sugar was the largest cash crop. Beef was the most produced meat product.
2013: Employment in Tanzania's Tourism Sector
In 2013, the travel and tourism sector employed 11% of Tanzania's workforce, equivalent to 1,189,300 jobs. Total tourism receipts reached US$4.48 billion.
2013: Gas Production and Reserves at Songo Songo Island
Over 35 billion cubic feet of gas was produced from the Songo Songo Island field in 2013, with total reserves estimated at 1.1 trillion cubic feet. The gas was transported via pipeline to Dar es Salaam.
2013: Electricity Generation and Sources in Tanzania
Tanzania generated 6.013 billion kWh of electricity in 2013, a 4.2% increase from 2012. The primary sources were natural gas (49.7%), hydroelectric (28.9%), thermal (20.4%), and imports (1%).
2013: Global Hunger Index
Tanzania's 2013 Global Hunger Index was worse than all EAC countries except Burundi.
2013: Rapid Growth of Tanzania's Communications Sector
Tanzania's communications sector experienced the fastest growth in 2013, expanding by 22.8%, although it constituted only 2.4% of the GDP.
2013: Natural Gas Production and Reserves at Mnazi Bay
The Mnazi Bay natural gas field produced about one-seventh of the Songo Songo Island output in 2013, but held larger reserves, estimated at 2.2 trillion cubic feet. Almost all of the gas was used for electricity generation in Mtwara.
2013: Maternal Mortality Rate
The maternal mortality rate in Tanzania was estimated at 410 per 100,000 live births in 2013.
August 2014: TANESCO's Debt to Orca Exploration Group Inc.
As of August 27, 2014, TANESCO owed money to Orca Exploration Group Inc., the operator of the Songo Songo Island gas field.
2014: Religious Demographics (CIA World Factbook)
A 2014 CIA World Factbook estimate indicated that Tanzania's population was 61.4% Christian, 35.2% Muslim, 1.8% followers of traditional African religions, 1.4% unaffiliated, and 0.2% followers of other religions.
2014: Human Development Index Ranking
According to the UN's 2014 Human Development Index, Tanzania ranked 159th out of 187 countries in terms of poverty.
2014: Tanzania's Scientific Publications
Tanzania had 15 publications per million inhabitants in internationally catalogued journals in 2014, according to Thomson Reuters' Web of Science.
April 2015: Completion of Natural Gas Pipeline to Dar es Salaam
A pipeline connecting offshore natural gas fields to Dar es Salaam was finished in April 2015. The Ruvuma and Kiliwani areas were explored by Aminex, holding a 75% interest, revealing over 3.5 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
October 2015: John Magufuli's Presidential Victory
John Magufuli won the presidential election in October 2015, securing a two-thirds majority in parliament.
December 2015: Completion of DART Phase One
The first phase of the DART project was completed in December 2015.
2015: Indian Community Population
By 2015, the Indian community in Tanzania had grown to 60,000.
2015: Literacy Rate
In 2015, the literacy rate in Tanzania for individuals aged 15 and over was 77.9%, with 83.2% for males and 73.1% for females.
2015: Multidimensional Poverty
In the 2015/2016 survey period, 57.1% of Tanzania's population was considered multidimensionally poor, according to the UNDP.
2015: Magufuli's Presidency Begins
John Magufuli became president in 2015.
2015: Tanzania's Gold Production
Tanzania produced 46 metric tonnes of gold in 2015.
May 2016: Launch of DART Operations
DART commenced operations in May 2016.
2016: Planned Increase in Electricity Generation Capacity
Tanzania aimed to double its electricity generation capacity to 3,000 megawatts by 2016 through a new gas pipeline.
2016: Multidimensional Poverty
The 2015/2016 survey revealed that more than half of Tanzania's population experienced multidimensional poverty.
2016: Tourism's Contribution to Tanzania's GDP and Employment
Travel and tourism contributed 17.5% to Tanzania's GDP and employed 11% of the labor force (1,189,300 jobs) in 2016. International tourist arrivals reached 1,284,279, with revenue reaching US$2 billion.
2017: Food Shortages in Tanzania
A 2017 survey revealed that 84% of people in rural areas experienced food shortages over a 3-month period, compared to 64% of city residents.
2017: Maize Price Surge
Due to drought in East Africa, the wholesale price of maize more than tripled to TSh 1,253/= per kilogramme by 2017.
2017: Major Trading Partners
In 2017, Tanzania's primary export partners were India, Vietnam, South Africa, Switzerland, and China, while its main import partners included India, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia, China, and the UAE.
2017: Confederation of EAC Adopted
In 2017, all member states adopted the confederation of the EAC as a transitional step towards the ultimate goal of political federation.
2018: Increased Electricity Access in Tanzania
Access to electricity in Tanzania rose to 35.2% in 2018.
2018: Poverty Rate Decrease
By 2018, Tanzania's poverty rate had decreased to 26.4%.
2018: Cement Sales Growth
Twiga Cement saw increased sales volume in 2019 compared to 2018, refuting claims of stagnant growth.
June 2019: Tanzania's Reported Economic Growth
Tanzania reportedly achieved almost 7% economic growth in the fiscal year ending in June 2019, a figure disputed by The Economist.
December 2019: Restriction on Legal Action Against the Government
In December 2019, Amnesty International reported that Tanzania's government revoked the right of NGOs and individuals to directly file cases against it at the African Court for Human and Peoples' Rights.
2019: Tanzania's Forest Landscape Integrity Index Ranking
In 2019, Tanzania achieved a mean score of 7.13/10 on the Forest Landscape Integrity Index, securing the 54th position globally among 172 countries.
2019: Global Innovation Index Ranking
Tanzania ranked 97th in the Global Innovation Index in 2019.
2019: GNI Per Capita Increase
Tanzania's GNI per capita rose to US$1,080 in 2019, contributing to its economic upgrade.
2019: World Bank Poverty Report
The 2019 World Bank report indicated an 8 percentage point reduction in poverty in Tanzania over the preceding decade.
2019: Disputing Claims about Tanzania's Economic Performance
Tim Staermose challenged The Economist's skepticism about Tanzania's economic growth in 2019, citing strong loan growth from major banks and increased cement sales by Twiga. He also explained that the decline in beer sales reported by Tanzania Breweries Limited (TBL) was due to specific circumstances, while TBL's profits actually increased.
July 2020: The Economist Questions Tanzania's Economic Growth Claims
In July 2020, The Economist questioned Tanzania's official economic growth figures, citing discrepancies between reported growth and indicators like tax revenue, bank lending, and private sector data such as brewery and cement sales.
October 2020: Magufuli's Re-election
President John Magufuli won re-election in October 2020 in a contested election.
November 2020: Magufuli's Re-election and Alleged Election Fraud
In November 2020, John Magufuli was declared the winner of his second presidential term, amidst allegations of election fraud. The official results showed Magufuli receiving 84% of the votes and the main opposition candidate, Tundu Lissu, receiving 13%.
December 2020: ACT-Wazalendo Joins Coalition Government in Zanzibar
Following disputed elections in December 2020, the Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) formed a coalition government with the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi in Zanzibar.
2020: Further Poverty Reduction
A subsequent report showed a further decline in Tanzania's poverty rate to 25.7% in 2020.
2020: Education Completion Rates
By 2020, education completion rates in Tanzania reached 97% for primary school, 28.3% for secondary school, and 8% for tertiary education. There was a slight gender gap favoring females in primary and secondary completion, while males had a slightly higher tertiary completion rate.
2020: Influences on Bongo Flava
In 2020, Afropop, Amapiano (from South Africa), and Singeli (from Tanzania) emerged as significant influences on Bongo Flava music.
2020: Religious Demographics (ARDA)
In 2020, the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) estimated Tanzania's religious composition as 55.3% Christian, 31.5% Muslim, 11.3% practitioners of traditional faiths, and 1.9% non-religious or adherents of other faiths. ARDA also noted that most Tanzanian Muslims are Sunni, with a small Shia minority, and Zanzibar is almost entirely Muslim.
2020: Economic Advancement
In 2020, the World Bank reclassified Tanzania from a low-income to a lower-middle-income country due to an increase in GNI per capita.
2020: Continued Growth in Cement Sales
In the first half of 2020, Twiga Cement sales continued to grow, surpassing the sales figures from the same period in 2019.
2020: Singeli Emerges as Mainstream Genre
Singeli, an unofficial music from unplanned communities in Dar es Salaam, gained mainstream recognition in Tanzania by 2020.
March 2021: Magufuli's Death and Suluhu's Succession
Following the death of President John Magufuli in March 2021, Vice President Samia Suluhu Hassan became Tanzania's first female president.
March 2021: Death of Magufuli and Succession of Samia Suluhu Hassan
President John Magufuli died in office in March 2021. His vice president, Samia Suluhu Hassan, succeeded him as Tanzania's president.
2021: Tanzania's GDP
According to the IMF, Tanzania's GDP in 2021 was estimated at $71 billion (nominal) and $218.5 billion (PPP), with a GDP per capita (PPP) of $3,574.
2021: Suluhu's Presidency Begins
Samia Suluhu Hassan became president in 2021.
January 2022: Tanzania Joins AfCFTA
Tanzania ratified and joined the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in January 2022, becoming part of the world's largest free trade area.
2022: 2022 Tanzanian Census
In 2022, Tanzania conducted a national census, revealing a population of approximately 62 million people, making it the most populous country entirely south of the equator.
2023: Economic Growth
Tanzania experienced a 5.2 percent economic growth rate in 2023.
2024: Global Peace Index Ranking
In 2024, Tanzania was ranked the 65th most peaceful country globally according to the Global Peace Index.
2024: Decline in Global Innovation Index Ranking
Tanzania's ranking in the Global Innovation Index dropped to 120th in 2024.
2024: Proposed East African Monetary Union
The East African Monetary Union (EAMU) is proposed to be established in 2024, aiming to create a single common currency managed by the East African Central Bank.
2025: Projected Economic Impact of Malnutrition
Estimates suggest that if nutrition levels remain stagnant, Tanzania could lose $20 billion by 2025. Conversely, improvements in nutrition could generate a gain of around $4.7 billion.
2025: No Specific Event Described for 2025
No event description is associated with this date in the context.
2025: Tanzania's Long-Term Goal for Electricity Capacity
Tanzania's government aims to increase electricity generation capacity to at least 10,000 megawatts by 2025.
