The Bronx Zoo, located in Bronx Park, New York, is one of the largest metropolitan zoos in the United States, covering 265 acres. It attracts over two million visitors annually. The zoo's original buildings, Astor Court, are Beaux-Arts pavilions surrounding a sea lion pool. Its Rainey Memorial Gates, designed by Paul Manship and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, add to its historical significance.
In 1901, the Primate House, later known as the Monkey House, first opened at the Bronx Zoo.
The Bronx Zoo acquired its first thylacine, a male, on December 17, 1902.
William Rockefeller purchased the Rockefeller Fountain from Como, Italy, in 1902.
In 1902, a seven-month-old male jaguar escaped from its enclosure at the Bronx Zoo.
Sultan and Bedouin Maid, the Barbary lions, produced three cubs in May 1903, the first born at the zoo.
In 1903, the Bronx Zoo became the first U.S. zoo to exhibit snow leopards.
In 1903, the Lion House, which would later become the Madagascar! exhibit, opened at the Bronx Zoo.
The Rockefeller Fountain was installed at the Bronx Zoo in 1903.
Charles R. Knight painted a portrait of Sultan, the Barbary lion, on October 7, 1905.
In 1905, the American Bison Society was established to prevent the extinction of the American bison.
The American Bison Society (ABS) was founded in 1905 by the Bronx Zoo's first director, William T. Hornaday, along with President Theodore Roosevelt and other conservationists, with the goal of saving the American bison from extinction.
On September 8, 1906, Ota Benga, a Mbuti pygmy man, was put on display as an exhibit at the Bronx Zoo.
In 1906, the Bronx Zoo controversially displayed Ota Benga, a Mbuti man, with animals.
The zoo's first thylacine died on August 15, 1908.
In 1908, the Zoo Center, originally designed as the Elephant House, opened at the Bronx Zoo.
A second male thylacine arrived at the zoo on January 26, 1912.
The zoo received a third thylacine, of unknown sex, on November 7, 1916.
Ota Benga died by suicide in 1916 at the age of 32.
The world's first animal hospital located within a zoo was built at the Bronx Zoo in 1916.
The zoo's final thylacine, a female, arrived on July 14, 1917.
The Bronx Zoo's last thylacine died on September 13, 1919.
In 1926, the Bronx Zoo and the National Zoological Park became the first in the US to exhibit shoebills.
The Rainey Memorial Gates, a memorial to Paul James Rainey, were dedicated in 1934.
The Rainey Memorial Gates, designed by Paul Manship, were dedicated in 1934 in memory of big game hunter Paul James Rainey.
In 1935, the American Bison Society (ABS) disbanded, considering its mission of saving the American bison from extinction accomplished.
The Bronx Zoo became the first in North America to exhibit okapi in 1937.
In 1941, the African Plains exhibit opened, becoming the first in the country to allow visitors to view predators and prey in a naturalistic setting.
The original Children's Zoo, with a nursery-rhyme theme, opened in 1941.
The Rocking Stone Restaurant, which previously stood where the World of Darkness would be built, closed in 1942.
In July 1957, a platypus named Penelope disappeared from her enclosure at the Bronx Zoo, leaving behind her mate Cecil.
The James's flamingo, previously thought extinct, was rediscovered in 1957.
In 1960, the zoo became the first in the world to keep James's flamingos, believed extinct until 1957.
On April 26, 1963, the "Most Dangerous Animal in the World" exhibit debuted at the Bronx Zoo's Great Apes House. The exhibit used a mirror to reflect viewers, highlighting the dangers posed by humans.
On September 24, 1964, the current Aquatic Bird House opened at the Bronx Zoo, built on the foundation of the original house from 1899.
In 1966, there was an unsuccessful attempt to designate Astor Court's buildings as a city landmark.
The Rockefeller Fountain was designated an official New York City landmark in 1968.
In 1969, World of Darkness, the world's first major nocturnal animal exhibit, opened. It featured a reversed lighting schedule and housed various nocturnal species.
In 1971, the Bison Range at the Bronx Zoo was renovated.
In 1972, the World of Birds exhibit originally opened at the Bronx Zoo.
The Rainey Memorial Gates were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
The Rainey Memorial Gates were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
In 1976, the zoo reported having eight proboscis monkeys, mostly born there.
The monorail, a 1.6 mile ride, was inaugurated in 1977 along with the Wild Asia section. It offers exclusive views of certain animals like tigers, Przewalski's horses, rhinoceroses, elephants, and various ungulates.
Planning for JungleWorld, located in the Wild Asia section of the zoo, commenced in 1977.
In 1977, two female Indian elephants, Grumpy and Happy, arrived at the Bronx Zoo after being captured as calves in Thailand.
A new Children's Zoo opened in 1981 and quickly became popular, attracting almost 250,000 visitors in two months.
As of 1981, the "Most Dangerous Animal in the World" exhibit, featuring a mirror behind bars, was reportedly still on display at the Bronx Zoo.
In 1981, the Bronx Zoo attempted to clone the endangered gaur by implanting an embryo into a Holstein cow.
JungleWorld, the zoo's largest building at 1 acre and 55 ft high, was completed in June 1985 at a cost of $9.5 million, with $4.1 million donated by Enid A. Haupt.
On July 29, 1985, animal keeper Robin Silverman was killed by two Siberian tigers after entering their enclosure, marking the first and only human fatality at the Bronx Zoo.
On June 27, 1986, the Himalayan Highlands exhibit opened, featuring snow leopards, red pandas, and white-naped cranes.
Rapunzel was rescued from a Sumatran rainforest slated for clearing in 1989.
A female Sumatran rhino, Rapunzel, arrived at the zoo on June 6, 1990.
In 1990, the Bronx Zoo addressed an overpopulation of Canada geese by hiring a sharpshooter to cull 19 birds and destroying 144 eggs.
In 1990, the Baboon Reserve (later renamed Gelada Reserve) opened, showcasing a troop of geladas in a recreation of the Ethiopian highlands.
In 1991, the Bronx Zoo implemented a sterilization program for the Canada geese population, opting for a more humane approach than the previous year's culling.
In 1991, the Baboon Reserve won the AZA Exhibit Award.
In February 1995, the De Jur Aviary at the Bronx Zoo collapsed during a snowstorm, resulting in the loss of approximately 30 seabirds.
In February 1995, the original De Jur Aviary at the Bronx Zoo collapsed in a snowstorm.
In mid-1996, a permanent indoor butterfly conservatory opened, allowing visitors to walk through gardens and meadows and observe butterflies up close. The 170-foot-long maze features a central greenhouse with 44 butterfly species and over 1,000 butterflies.
On May 17, 1997, the Russell B. Aitken Sea Bird Aviary opened at the Bronx Zoo, replacing the De Jur Aviary that collapsed in 1995. It features Inca terns, Magellanic penguins, and other bird species.
In September 1997, the butterfly conservatory, costing $500,000 and intended as a precursor to a future House of Invertebrates, faced potential sale to the Oklahoma City Zoo if it wasn't successful. It housed various local species and North American butterflies and moths.
By March 1999, only two proboscis monkeys remained at the zoo, the last in the US.
The Congo Gorilla Forest opened in 1999, housing one of North America's largest breeding groups of western lowland gorillas.
In 2000, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated Astor Court's buildings as a city landmark.
In 2000, the Zoo Center building was designated as a landmark.
A study began analyzing the costs associated with keeping pandas at US zoos between 2000 and 2003.
After being used for breeding, Rapunzel was returned to the Bronx Zoo in 2000.
In July 2002, an attempt to introduce Grumpy and Happy to two other female elephants, Patty and Maxine, resulted in Grumpy's injury and subsequent euthanasia in October 2002.
On May 15, 2003, the Tiger Mountain exhibit opened at the Bronx Zoo, featuring Amur and Malayan tigers.
A study concluded its analysis of the costs associated with keeping pandas at US zoos between 2000 and 2003.
The last two proboscis monkeys at the Bronx Zoo were sent to the Singapore Zoo in 2003.
In 2004, the Mitsubishi Riverwalk, a path along the Bronx River opposite the zoo, opened after a river cleanup. Funded by the Mitsubishi International Corporation Foundation, it protects 15 acres of the Bronx River watershed.
In 2004, the Tiger Mountain exhibit won the AZA Exhibit Award.
Rapunzel, the Sumatran rhino, died in December 2005.
The Bug Carousel, with insect-shaped seats, was installed in 2005.
The Wildlife Conservation Society revived the American Bison Society in 2005 with a focus on the ecological restoration of bison.
In 2005, the Bronx Zoo sent frozen sperm from a male Indian rhinoceros to the Cincinnati Zoo for future artificial insemination attempts.
In 2005, The Washington Post published a study showing that U.S. zoos holding pandas spent significantly more on the animals than they earned in revenue between 2000 and 2003.
In 2005, Rapunzel, a Sumatran rhino at the Bronx Zoo, died.
In August 2006, the Bronx Zoo adopted an orphaned snow leopard cub named Leo, who was rescued from a landslide in Pakistan.
New eco-friendly restrooms opened at the Bronx Zoo in November 2006.
Following the death of her companion Tus in 2002 and the euthanasia of Grumpy in October 2002, Happy was paired with Sammy, who unfortunately also died in early 2006 due to liver disease.
In 2006, Leo, a male snow leopard, arrived at the zoo from Pakistan after being orphaned.
A joint Master of Science program with Fordham University was announced in March 2007.
In June 2007, a Javan langur was killed by a group of oriental small-clawed otters in the JungleWorld exhibit at the Bronx Zoo after a history of conflict between the two species.
In 2007, the Bronx Zoo successfully reintroduced three Chinese alligators back into the wild.
The Bronx Zoo successfully reintroduced three Chinese alligators into the wild in 2007 as part of a 10-year effort to restore the species in the Yangtze River, China.
The monorail underwent refurbishment in 2007.
In April 2008, the Bronx Zoo hosted the inaugural Run for the Wild, a 5k run to raise money and awareness for wildlife conservation. The event included free zoo entry for participants and offered prizes for donations.
The Amazing Amphibians exhibit opened in June 2008 at the Bronx Zoo's Zoo Center. The short-lived exhibit showcased amphibian conservation efforts and featured species like the Chacoan horned frog and the common mudpuppy.
On June 20, 2008, the Madagascar! exhibit opened at the Bronx Zoo, featuring a variety of animals from the island, including lemurs, fossas, and Nile crocodiles. The exhibit was built in the former Lion House.
On July 8, 2008, the Skyfari gondola lift at the Bronx Zoo derailed, trapping 36 passengers for several hours. This incident, combined with budget constraints, ultimately led to the ride's permanent closure in January 2009.
In 2008, the former Lion House in Astor Court reopened as the "Madagascar!" exhibit.
In 2008, a 5-year-old male bald eagle was found injured, believed to have been hit by a car, and eventually taken in by the Bronx Zoo in February 2011.
A grizzly bear cub, later named Glacier, was born in 2008 and subsequently rescued from Glacier National Park and brought to the Bronx Zoo in January 2010.
In January 2009, after 35 years of service, the Skyfari gondola lift was permanently closed. Factors contributing to its closure included a derailment incident in July 2008, high maintenance costs, and budget cuts.
In June 2009, two aardvarks imported from Tanzania joined the Carter Giraffe Building exhibit.
In July 2009, the Bronx Zoo announced that the reintroduced Chinese alligators had successfully bred in the wild, marking a significant milestone in the conservation effort.
The Bronx Zoo was ranked eighth on In Defense of Animals' "Ten Worst Zoos for Elephants" list in 2009, primarily due to Happy's isolated living situation.
The 2009 Run for the Wild at the Bronx Zoo focused on raising funds for gorilla conservation.
In mid-2009, the Bronx Zoo's hand-reared pair of great blue turacos successfully raised chicks.
In 2009, three brown bear siblings were born in Alaska and later rescued and adopted by the Bronx Zoo in January 2010.
In 2009, the frozen sperm sent from the Bronx Zoo in 2005 was used in the first successful artificial insemination of an Indian rhinoceros at the Cincinnati Zoo.
In 2009, the Rare Animal Range exhibit at the Bronx Zoo was closed due to budget cuts and low visitor interest. This exhibit housed various endangered species like guanacos, Formosan sika deer, and lemurs.
In 2009, NYC budget cuts led to downsizing at the Bronx Zoo, including staff and animal collection reductions.
In 2009, Arabian oryx and blesbok were removed from the African Plains exhibit due to budget cuts and lack of visitor interest.
Due to budget constraints and high operating costs, World of Darkness closed in 2009.
As of 2009, the Congo Gorilla Forest had been visited 7,000,000 times.
As of 2009, the Bronx Zoo had an average of 2.15 million visitors annually.
In January 2010, a male and two female lion cubs were born at the Bronx Zoo.
In April 2010, the lion cubs born in January of that year made their public debut.
In September 2010, the aardvark pair gave birth to a male named Hoover, the first aardvark born at the Bronx Zoo.
The 2010 Run for the Wild event at the Bronx Zoo was dedicated to tiger conservation.
In the summer of 2010, the World of Birds exhibit closed for repairs and upgrades, reopening the following year.
In 2010, both Amur and Malayan tiger cubs were born at the Bronx Zoo.
As of 2010, the Bronx Zoo housed over 4,000 animals representing 650 species, many of which were endangered or threatened.
In late 2010, a rhino calf was born at the Cincinnati Zoo as a result of the artificial insemination procedure using sperm from the Bronx Zoo. Unfortunately, the calf did not survive.
In February 2011, the Bronx Zoo received two bald eagles that had been rescued in Wyoming.
In February 2011, the Bronx Zoo received two rescued bald eagles from Wyoming, a male found injured in 2008 and a female injured during a storm.
On March 25, 2011, an Egyptian cobra escaped from its enclosure at the Bronx Zoo's World of Reptiles exhibit.
On March 26, 2011, the Bronx Zoo's World of Reptiles was closed following the discovery of a missing venomous cobra, which was later found within the building on March 31.
On May 9, 2011, a female green peafowl escaped from the Bronx Zoo and was recaptured on May 11.
On September 11, 2011, a lesser kudu briefly escaped its enclosure at the Bronx Zoo before returning on its own.
In the fall of 2011, the WCS initiated a program using surrogate hybrid bison to carry and birth genetically pure bison calves. This program aimed to establish a breeding herd of genetically pure bison.
In 2011, the Run for the Wild at the Bronx Zoo aimed to raise funds for the protection of Magellanic penguins in Argentina's Punta Tombo peninsula.
In 2011, the New York Aquarium, another WCS institute, held its own Run for the Wild event to support sea turtle conservation. The run took place along the Riegelmann Boardwalk on Coney Island.
After 111 years of operation, the Monkey House (originally the Primate House) closed in February 2012. The building housed various primate species, as well as porcupines and bats.
On June 20, 2012, a genetically pure bison calf was born at the Bronx Zoo through a surrogate hybrid bison. This was part of a WCS project to create a breeding herd of genetically pure bison.
In December 2012, five Chinese yellow-headed box turtles, a critically endangered species, were born at the Bronx Zoo.
In 2012, a New York Post reporter published an article claiming Happy was kept in solitary confinement year-round, prompting the zoo to respond with information about the elephants' access to outdoor yards and interaction with keepers.
In 2012, a set of Siberian tiger cubs were born at the Bronx Zoo.
In 2012, the Bronx Zoo was listed fourth on In Defense of Animals' list of the "Ten Worst Zoos for Elephants" due to concerns regarding Happy's living conditions.
Mayor Bloomberg implemented further budget cuts affecting the Bronx Zoo in 2012.
The 2012 Run for the Wild event at the Bronx Zoo focused on raising funds for lion conservation.
In March 2013, three maleo chicks hatched at the Bronx Zoo, bringing the total number of maleo birds to twelve.
On April 9, 2013, a male snow leopard cub was born at the zoo, sired by Leo, a male snow leopard brought from Pakistan in 2006.
In August 2013, three male and one female lion cubs were born at the Bronx Zoo.
Dinosaur Safari, a ride featuring animatronic dinosaurs, first ran during the summer of 2013.
The Bronx Zoo was ranked fifth on IDA's "Ten Worst Zoos for Elephants" list in 2013, with Happy's solitary confinement being a primary concern.
The Children's Zoo closed for renovations in 2013.
Both the 2013 and 2014 Run for the Wild events at the Bronx Zoo were dedicated to elephant conservation.
In 2013, So What? Press published "The Night Collector," an issue of the Tales of the Night Watchman comic series, which centered around a vampire coven taking over the bat exhibit at the Bronx Zoo.
In April 2014, four Peruvian pelicans were added to the Russell B. Aitken Sea Bird Aviary.
In May 2014, a new nocturnal enclosure for a North Island brown kiwi opened in the Aquatic Bird House.
In the fall of 2014, a male gelada was born at the Bronx Zoo, the first in over 13 years.
The 2014 Run for the Wild at the Bronx Zoo focused on elephant conservation, same as 2013.
In 2014, a senior official from the WCS criticized Maloney's panda campaign, calling it "absurd."
In 2014, the Bronx Zoo again placed fifth on IDA's list of the "Ten Worst Zoos for Elephants" due to the continued isolation of Happy.
In 2014, New York Representative Carolyn B. Maloney began her campaign to bring giant pandas to New York City, initially targeting Central Park Zoo before focusing on the Bronx Zoo.
Dinosaur Safari ran again for the summer of 2014.
By 2014, the Congo Gorilla Forest had generated $12.5 million in exhibit fees and over $10.6 million in donations for Central African habitat conservation.
As of 2014, the Bug Carousel had an annual ridership of 540,000.
In January 2015, a pair of ruddy-headed geese were added to the Russell B. Aitken Sea Bird Aviary.
In May 2015, a colony of Australian little penguins arrived at the Bronx Zoo's Aquatic Bird House from the Taronga Zoo.
On May 30, 2015, the renovated Children's Zoo reopened with new exhibits featuring a variety of animals, including giant anteaters, pudús, sloths, monkeys, otters, prairie dogs, fennec foxes, goats, zebus, alpacas, sheep, donkeys, chickens, ducks, pigs, geese, and turkeys.
On August 15, 2015, two stork chicks hatched at the Bronx Zoo's Aquatic Bird House.
In October 2015, Chinese Ambassador Cui Tiankai announced that China was willing to enter preliminary talks with New York City about bringing pandas to the city.
In November 2015, Jim Breheny, WCS Executive Vice President and Bronx Zoo Director, released a statement expressing reservations about bringing pandas to the zoo.
In December 2015, the Bronx Zoo rescued a juvenile Indian cobra found stowing away on a cargo ship from Singapore, providing care for its poor condition.
The focus of the 2015 Run for the Wild at the Bronx Zoo, was gorilla conservation.
In 2015, two female grizzly bears, Betty and Veronica, were moved from the African Plains exhibit to the Central Park Zoo.
In 2015, In Defense of Animals (IDA) named the Bronx Zoo the "Hall of Shame Winner" for its treatment of elephants, specifically Happy's isolation.
In 2015, two grizzly bears who had resided at the Bronx Zoo since 1995 were transferred to the Central Park Zoo.
Animal Planet announced its plans to produce "The Zoo," a docu-series about the Bronx Zoo, in March 2016.
In 2016, a pair of Malayan tiger cubs were born at the Bronx Zoo.
In 2016, the Bronx Zoo was again named the "Hall of Shame Winner" by IDA due to ongoing concerns about Happy's solitary confinement.
In 2016, the Run for the Wild at the Bronx Zoo allowed participants to run on behalf of their favorite animal.
On February 18, 2017, Animal Planet's docu-series "The Zoo," about the Bronx Zoo, premiered.
On July 1, 2017, Nature Trek opened near Wild Asia, featuring rope bridges, towers, tunnels, an overlook, and a play area. Partially wheelchair-accessible, it encourages sturdy footwear.
On July 7, 2017, Treetop Adventure opened near Bronx River Parking. It offers seven rope courses, a zip-line across the Bronx River, and other challenges. It has its own entry fee and age/weight restrictions.
In December 2017, the zoo's last polar bear, Tundra, died at age 26.
In 2017, two baby cheetahs arrived at the zoo from the San Diego Zoo.
In 2017, Leo, the male snow leopard brought from Pakistan in 2006, became a grandfather when his son sired a female cub.
For the third consecutive year, the Bronx Zoo received the "Hall of Shame Winner" title from IDA in 2017 due to the continued isolation of Happy.
In 2017, the San Diego Zoo received a troop of geladas for their Africa Rocks exhibit.
"The Zoo" was renewed for a second season in March 2018.
In late 2018, Maxine, one of the other elephants at the Bronx Zoo, was euthanized due to complications with her liver and kidneys.
Dinosaur Safari returned for the 2019 season.
In 2019, three dholes from the San Diego Zoo Safari Park were added to the zoo.
The Bronx Zoo's 4-D Theater, which offered 3-D movies with sensory effects, closed in 2019. It was replaced with a giraffe encounter.
In February 2020, a lawsuit claiming Happy was legally a person and entitled to freedom was dismissed by the Bronx County Supreme Court.
Betty, one of the relocated grizzly bears, died at the Central Park Zoo in 2020.
In 2020, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) issued an apology for the Bronx Zoo's treatment of Ota Benga and its promotion of eugenics.
The New York Court of Appeals agreed to hear the appeal filed by the Nonhuman Rights Project on behalf of Happy in May 2021.
Veronica, the other relocated grizzly bear, died at the Central Park Zoo in 2021.
In June 2022, the New York Court of Appeals ruled against granting Happy habeas corpus rights, stating that it did not apply to nonhuman animals.
On April 26, 2023, an Indian peafowl nicknamed Raul escaped the Bronx Zoo and allegedly bit a man, though the reports were unconfirmed. Raul returned to the zoo the following day.
On May 27, 2023, Budgie Landing, an exhibit with 1,000 budgerigars, opened to the public. Unlike other attractions, it requires a small entrance fee ($5 for regular guests, $3 for members), which includes a feeding stick.
On April 20, 2024, the Animal Chronicles exhibit opened at the Bronx Zoo to commemorate its 125th anniversary. The exhibit showcases the zoo's history of animal conservation through 13 scenes featuring 68 animal eco-sculptures.