Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean within the Micronesia subregion. Its capital is Hagåtña, while Dededo is its most populous village. Guam is the westernmost point and territory of the United States. It is the largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia. With a population of 168,801 in 2022, Chamorros form the largest ethnic group. The territory spans 210 square miles, resulting in a population density of 775 per square mile.
In 1900, a typhoon caused major damage on Guam.
As early as 1901, Chamorro leaders, recognizing the limitations under naval administration, began petitioning for U.S. citizenship and greater political autonomy.
On December 10, 1914, the SMS Cormoran, a German armed merchant raider, sought port at Apra Harbor due to a coal shortage after being pursued by the Japanese.
On the morning of April 7, 1917, news reached Guam by telegraph cable that the U.S. Congress had declared war on Germany. The Naval Governor of Guam demanded the surrender of the SMS Cormoran.
In 1917, the ship SMS Cormoran and its crew were interned after the United States refused to provide sufficient provisions for the ship to reach a German port.
In 1925, the Rota Latte Stone Quarry, a possible source for latte stones, was discovered on Rota.
In 1936, delegates Baltazar J. Bordallo and Francisco B. Leon Guerrero traveled to Washington, D.C., to personally petition for Chamorro citizenship.
On December 8, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese forces.
During World War II, the Empire of Japan invaded and occupied Guam in the 1941 Battle of Guam on December 8, coinciding with the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese occupation lasted about 31 months.
On July 21, 1944, American forces recaptured Guam after two and a half years of Japanese occupation. This day is commemorated as Liberation Day on Guam.
In 1944, from July 21 to August 10, the United States returned and recaptured the island in the Battle of Guam.
In 1950, the Guam Organic Act established Guam as an unincorporated organized territory of the United States, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship.
On October 15, 1953, the most rainfall in a single day occurred, with 15.48 inches (393.2 millimeters) falling.
In 1956, the first jury trial was held in Guam.
In 1962, Typhoon Karen caused major damage on Guam.
In 1963, the removal of Guam's security clearance by President John F. Kennedy allowed for the development of a tourism industry.
In 1968, the Guam Elective Governor Act provided for the popular election of the office of Governor.
The first Guam Constitutional Convention, funded by the 10th Guam Legislature, convened on June 1, 1969, with 43 elected delegates.
In 1969, a referendum on unification with the Northern Mariana Islands was held and rejected.
The first Guam Constitutional Convention concluded on June 29, 1970, after convening since June 1, 1969.
Since 1970, the hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) has been on the endangered list.
On April 18, 1971, the highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96 °F (35.6 °C).
On February 8, 1973, the lowest recorded temperature was 65 °F (18.3 °C).
Guam hosted the Pacific Games in 1975.
The Guam national football team was founded in 1975.
In 1976, Typhoon Pamela caused major damage on Guam.
Since Typhoon Pamela in 1976, wooden structures have been largely replaced by concrete structures.
The year 1976 was the wettest calendar year with 131.70 inches (3,345.2 mm) of rainfall.
The second Guam Constitutional Convention was convened on July 1, 1977, to create a constitution that would redefine the island's relationship with the US.
The second Guam Constitutional Convention met periodically to October 31, 1977, to create a constitution that would redefine the island's relationship with the US.
In August 1978, the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, impacting harvesting practices on Guam.
In August 1979, the people of Guam overwhelmingly rejected the proposed Constitution in a referendum, with 82% opposed.
Between 1981 and 2010, Guam's average annual rainfall was 98 inches.
In a 1982 plebiscite, voters in Guam indicated interest in seeking commonwealth status.
In 1983, Guam became a member of the Pacific Community.
On April 1, 1990, the highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96 °F (35.6 °C).
On August 8, 1993, a severe earthquake with a magnitude of 8.2 occurred.
August 1997 was the wettest month on record at Guam Airport, with 38.49 inches (977.6 mm) of rainfall.
In September 1997, the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) opened its own schools for children of military personnel on Guam.
In 1997, Guam was added to the North American Numbering Plan (NANP), with the country code 671 becoming NANP area code 671.
In 1997, Typhoon Paka caused major damage on Guam.
In 1997, a Commission on Decolonization was established to educate the people of Guam about the political status options in its relationship with the U.S.: statehood, free association, and independence.
In 1997, the Asian financial crisis severely affected Guam's tourism industry, compounded by the devastation from super typhoon Paka.
Since 1998, the island of Guam has been considering another non-binding plebiscite on decolonization.
The year 1998 was the driest year with 57.88 inches (1,470.2 mm) of rainfall.
Guam hosted the Pacific Games in 1999.
In 2000, 32,000 students attended Guam's public schools, including 26 elementary schools, eight middle schools, and six high schools and alternative schools.
In 2000, DoDEA schools in Guam, serving children of military personnel and some federal civilian employees, had an attendance of 2,500.
In 2002, Typhoon Pongsona caused major damage on Guam.
In 2003, Guam had a 14% unemployment rate, and the government suffered a $314 million budget shortfall.
In 2003, the amended Compacts of Free Association (COFA) was enacted, providing $30 million annually to Guam, Hawaii, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, and forgiving $157 million of Guam's debt to the federal government.
In 2004, during later US Congressional committee testimony, it was stated that approximately 1,100 Chamorros were killed during the nearly three years of occupation in World War II.
The Guam national rugby union team played its first match in 2005.
At the 2007 Games, Guam finished 7th of 22 countries in the medal count.
In 2009, the Guam national football team experienced their first victory over a FIFA-registered side.
In a letter from February 2010, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sharply criticized plans for military buildup on Guam due to concerns about water, sewage, and coral reefs.
According to the Pew Research Center, the religious demography of Guam in 2010 shows that Christianity is the predominant religion.
Between 1981 and 2010, Guam's average annual rainfall was 98 inches.
In 2010, the U.S. military proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan, which would significantly increase Guam's population.
At the 2011 Games, Guam finished 14th at the Pacific Games.
In 2012, Slate stated that Guam has "tremendous bandwidth" and internet prices comparable to those of the U.S. Mainland due to its location at the junction of undersea cables.
In 2013, the Commission on Decolonization began seeking funding to start a public education campaign.
In 2013, visitor arrivals to Guam were significantly higher than in 2023; the number in 2023 represented a 50% decrease compared to the figures from 2013.
February 2015 was the driest month on record at Guam Airport with 0.15 inches (3.8 mm) of rainfall.
In 2015, Guam hosted qualifying games on the island for the first time.
In May 2016, Edward Alvarez stated at the United Nations Pacific Regional Seminar that the United States Department of the Interior approved a $300,000 grant for decolonization education.
The Commission on Decolonization's May 2016 report stated they were working with academics from the University of Guam to create and approve educational materials.
In early December 2016, the Commission on Decolonization scheduled a series of education sessions in various villages about Guam's relationship with the U.S. and self-determination options.
A private hospital, the Guam Regional Medical City, opened in early 2016.
There were few subsequent developments regarding the Commission on Decolonization until late 2016.
In 2018, the Guam national football team gained their first FIFA World Cup-qualifying win.
As of 2019, the Guam men's national basketball team is the reigning champion of the Pacific Games Basketball Tournament.
As of 2019, the unemployment rate in Guam had dropped to 6.1%.
In 2019, approximately 685,000 Japanese travelers visited Guam, representing a significant portion of the island's visitors at that time.
In 2019, tourism levels in Guam were above 2024 fiscal year levels, indicating pre-pandemic travel volumes.
In July 2020, the Government of Guam joined the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO).
By September 2020, the unemployment rate in Guam had risen again to 17.9%.
In 2020, the Vatican claimed that 87.72% of the population was Catholic, with 54 priests and 64 nuns across 27 parishes.
In the 2020 United States census, the largest ethnic group in Guam were the native Chamorros, accounting for 32.8% of the population, while Asians accounted for 35.5%.
On February 1, 2021, a record low of 69 °F (21 °C) was set.
In September 2022, the unemployment rate in Guam was 4.4%, a reduction of 0.3 percentage points from the September 2023 figure.
In 2022, Guam's population was recorded at 168,801 residents. Chamorros were the largest ethnic group on the island, though they represented a minority within the multiethnic population.
In 2022, the Marine Corps decided to place 5,000 Marines on Guam within the first half of the 2020s, with 1,300 already stationed on the base.
As of June 2023, the unemployment rate in Guam had fallen to 4.0%.
In September 2023, the unemployment rate in Guam was 4.1%, an increase of 0.1 percentage points from June 2023.
In 2023, Guam recorded approximately 656,000 visitor arrivals, a 50% decrease compared to 2013 figures, indicating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry.
In 2023, Typhoon Mawar caused major damage on Guam.
In 2023, the number of Japanese travelers to Guam declined to around 135,760, reflecting shifts in travel patterns.
In June 2024, South Korean visitors accounted for over 51% of Guam's total arrivals, while Japanese tourists comprised over 21%.
During the 2024 fiscal year (October-July), Guam International Airport reported 775,000 passenger arrivals, signaling an upward trend in tourism recovery but still below pre-pandemic levels.
In 2024, the Compacts of Free Association (COFA) was amended again to renew aid to the freely associated nations as well as Guam and other U.S. Pacific territories.
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