New Orleans, Louisiana, is a consolidated city-parish situated on the Mississippi River. It is the most populous city in Louisiana and the former French Louisiana region, the second-most populous in the Deep South, and the twelfth-most populous in the Southeastern U.S., with a population of 383,997 as of 2020. As a major port city, New Orleans serves as a significant economic and commercial center for the Gulf Coast region.
In July 1900, the city was swept by white mobs rioting after Robert Charles, a young African American, killed a policeman and temporarily escaped.
New Orleans experienced an increase in residential segregation from 1900 to 1980, leaving the disproportionately Black and African American poor in older, low-lying locations.
In 1902, one-fourth of the population of New Orleans spoke French in ordinary daily intercourse, while another two-fourths was able to understand the language perfectly.
In 1909, portions of Greater New Orleans were flooded by the Grand Isle Hurricane.
In 1915, portions of Greater New Orleans were flooded by the New Orleans Hurricane.
On December 27, 1923, L'Abeille de la Nouvelle-Orlu00e9ans (New Orleans Bee), the last major French language newspaper, ceased publication after 96 years.
In 1929 the New Orleans streetcar strike occurred.
Since its establishment in 1938, United Cab has operated 365 days a year, with the exception of the month after Hurricane Katrina, when operations were temporarily suspended due to disruptions in radio service.
As late as 1945, many elderly Creole women in New Orleans spoke no English.
DeLesseps "Chep" Morrison started his administrations in 1946.
In 1947, portions of Greater New Orleans were flooded by the 1947 Fort Lauderdale Hurricane.
In 1948, the streetcar line to Desire Street in New Orleans was converted into a bus line during 1948.
The Supreme Court issued their ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
According to some sources, Le Courrier de la Nouvelle Orleans continued until 1955.
In 1956, portions of Greater New Orleans were flooded by Hurricane Flossy.
Much controversy preceded the 1956 Sugar Bowl at Tulane Stadium, regarding the Pitt Panthers player Bobby Grier due to his race.
Beginning in 1960, the population of New Orleans decreased due to factors such as the cycles of oil production and tourism, and as suburbanization increased.
In 1960 Miami eclipsed New Orleans, even as the latter's population reached its historic peak.
In 1960, a series of violent confrontations occurred when the city attempted school desegregation.
Prior to 1960, the population of New Orleans steadily increased to a historic 627,525.
Public schools were racially segregated and remained so until 1960.
Victor "Vic" Schiro started his administrations in 1961.
In 1963, the New Year's Eve snowstorm affected New Orleans and brought 4.5 inches (11 cm) of snow.
In 1964, the Civil Rights Act was passed.
After the Flood Control Act of 1965, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built floodwalls and man-made levees around a larger geographic area, including previous marshland and swamp.
In 1965, flooding from Hurricane Betsy killed dozens of residents.
The 1970 census recorded the first absolute decline in population since the city became part of the United States in 1803.
In 1972, One Shell Square became the city's tallest building.
On May 31, 1980, the afternoon newspaper States-Item ceased publication.
From 1980, the African American majority elected primarily officials from its own community.
New Orleans experienced an increase in residential segregation from 1900 to 1980, leaving the disproportionately Black and African American poor in older, low-lying locations.
Sidney Barthelemy started his administrations in 1986.
December 1989, a cold wave caused snowfall in New Orleans.
On December 22, 1989, during the December 1989 United States cold wave, most of New Orleans received 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) of snow.
On December 23, 1989, New Orleans recorded a temperature of 11 °F (-12 °C).
In 1989, Douglas Wilder was elected in Virginia, becoming the next African American to serve as governor of a U.S. state.
Starting in 1990, New Orleans grew into a predominantly Black and African American city by race and ethnicity.
In 1991, the period for climate normals began for New Orleans.
Marc Morial started his administrations in 1994.
On May 8, 1995, a rain-induced flood demonstrated the weakness of the pumping system in New Orleans.
In 1998, portions of Greater New Orleans were flooded by Hurricane Georges.
In 2000, The Real World: New Orleans, a television program, was set in the city during 2000.
In 2000, the population of New Orleans was used as a baseline for measuring recovery after Hurricane Katrina.
The 2020 census revealed the city now has a more diverse population than it did before Katrina, yet 21% fewer people than it had in 2000.
Marc Morial ended his administrations in 2002.
The 2003-04 winter season passed with no freezing temperatures at all in New Orleans.
In 2004, a small amount of snow fell during the Christmas Eve Snowstorm in New Orleans.
Prior to Hurricane Katrina, in 2004, the New Orleans school district performance score was 56.9, as measured during 2004.
As of July 1, 2005, the last population estimate before Hurricane Katrina was 454,865.
In July 2005, about 198,000 households received mail in New Orleans.
Up until August 2005, when Hurricane Katrina struck, the Sunset Limited's route continued east to Orlando during August 2005.
On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused the federal levee system to fail, leading to the flooding of 80% of the city and resulting in the death of more than 1,500 people in Louisiana.
In September 2005, the approach of Hurricane Rita caused repopulation efforts to be postponed, and the Lower Ninth Ward was reflooded by Rita's storm surge.
In 2005 dollars, adjusted for inflation, the slave trade during the antebellum period amounted to tens of billions of dollars.
In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused significant damage to transit service in New Orleans during 2005.
In 2005, New Orleans had a poverty rate of 24.5%, almost twice the national average.
In 2005, portions of Greater New Orleans were flooded by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
In July 2006, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the population of New Orleans to be 223,000.
In July 2006, the population increased since Hurricane Katrina. Post Katrina population was about 50,000 more than August 2007
A 2006 study estimated that as many as 10,000 to 14,000 undocumented immigrants resided in New Orleans.
In 2006, Louisiana voters adopted an amendment to the state's constitution to dedicate all revenues from off-shore drilling to restore Louisiana's eroding coast line.
In 2006, New Orleans experienced a record number of homicides, exacerbated by the displacement and disruption caused by Hurricane Katrina. The city was ranked as the most dangerous in the country during 2006.
In 2006, a study published in Geology by an associate professor at Tulane University addressed the magnitude of subsidence potentially caused by the draining of natural marsh in the New Orleans area and southeast Louisiana.
In 2006, large conventions and college bowl games returned to New Orleans. The New Orleans Saints also returned for the season.
In January 2007, thousands of New Orleans residents marched to City Hall, demanding that police and city leaders address the ongoing crime issues. Mayor Ray Nagin stated he was focused on resolving the problem during January 2007.
As of March 2007, a study estimated that 32,000 additional residents had moved to the city, bringing the estimated population to 255,000, approximately 56% of the pre-Katrina population level.
In June 2007, the Greater New Orleans Community Data Center estimated that the city had regained approximately two-thirds of its pre-Katrina population based on mail delivery records.
Based on utility usage, the population was estimated to be approximately 274,000, or 60% of the pre-Katrina population in July 2007.
A population analysis released in August 2007 estimated the population to be 273,000, 60% of the pre-Katrina population and an increase of about 50,000 since July 2006.
A September 2007 report by The Greater New Orleans Community Data Center found that in August 2007, just over 137,000 households received mail, which represents about 70% of pre-Katrina population.
A 2007 study by Tulane and Xavier University suggested that "51%... of the contiguous urbanized portions of Orleans, Jefferson, and St. Bernard parishes lie at or above sea level," with the more densely populated areas generally on higher ground.
In 2007, a new annual festival called "The Running of the Bulls New Orleans" was created.
The New Orleans Hornets (now named the Pelicans) returned to the city for the 2007-2008 season.
In 2008, portions of Greater New Orleans were flooded by Hurricane Gustav.
In 2008, the U.S. Census Bureau revised its population estimate for New Orleans upward to 336,644.
On June 24, 2009, Audubon Park recorded a temperature of 104 °F (40 °C).
An October 2009 assessment in New Orleans demonstrated continued growth in the academic performance of public schools. The overall school district performance score was 70.6, a 24% improvement over the pre-Katrina metric during October 2009.
By 2009, New Orleans saw a 17% decrease in violent crime, mirroring trends in other cities. However, the homicide rate in 2009 remained high, between 55 and 64 per 100,000 residents.
In 2009, The Real World: Back to New Orleans, a television program, was set in the city during 2009.
In 2009, Tulane University converted the main street through its Uptown campus, McAlister Place, into a pedestrian mall open to bicycle traffic during 2009.
As of 2010, 90.3% of residents age five and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 4.8% spoke Spanish, 1.9% Vietnamese, and 1.1% spoke French.
As of 2010, New Orleans ranked eighth among U.S. cities in its rate of bicycle and pedestrian transportation and sixth in terms of the percentage of bicycling commuters during 2010.
From the 2010 U.S. census, the city began growing again.
In 2010, New Orleans experienced a decrease in the homicide rate, dropping to 49.1 per 100,000 residents during 2010.
In 2010, The Real World: Back to New Orleans, a television program, was set in the city during 2010.
In 2010, the U.S. Census Bureau revised upward its 2008 population estimate for the city, to 336,644 inhabitants.
In 2010, the racial and ethnic makeup of New Orleans was 60.2% Black and African American, 33.0% White, 2.9% Asian, and 1.7% people of two or more races. People of Hispanic or Latino American origin made up 5.3% of the population.
In 2011, Bad Girls Club: New Orleans, a television program, was set in the city during 2011.
In 2011, the murder rate in New Orleans climbed by 14% to 57.88 per 100,000, ranking the city as No. 21 in the world during 2011.
In September 2012, The Advocate, a Baton Rouge newspaper, began publishing a New Orleans edition, after The Times-Picayune cut its print schedule.
In 2012, portions of Greater New Orleans were flooded by Hurricane Isaac.
In 2012, the homicide rate in New Orleans increased again, reaching 53.2 per 100,000, the highest rate among cities with a population of 250,000 or more during 2012.
The 2012-13 winter season passed with no freezing temperatures at all in New Orleans.
In June 2013, the Times-Picayune resumed daily printing with a condensed newsstand tabloid edition, TP Street, which is published on the days when its broadsheet edition is not printed during June 2013.
As recently as the end of 2013, bus service in New Orleans had only been restored to 35% of pre-Katrina levels during 2013.
In 2013, 5% of working people from New Orleans commuted by walking and 2.8% commuted by cycling. New Orleans ranked thirteenth for percentage of workers who commuted by walking or biking among cities not included within the fifty most populous cities during 2013.
At the start of the 2014 school year, all public school students in the New Orleans Public School (NOPS) system attended independent public charter schools, making it the nation's first system to do so during 2014.
The 2014 census estimated that the city grew by 12%, adding an average of more than 10,000 new residents each year following the official decennial census.
By July 2015, the population was back up to 386,617, which is 80% of what it was in 2000.
In 2015, 18.8% of New Orleans households were without a car during 2015.
The 2015-16 winter season passed with no freezing temperatures at all in New Orleans.
The Lafitte Greenway bicycle and pedestrian trail opened in 2015 and is planned to extend 3.1 miles from the French Quarter to Lakeview during 2015.
In January 2016, New Orleans-based sweet shop Sucré partnered with United Cab to deliver its king cakes locally on-demand during January 2016.
The New Orleans Police Department began a new policy to "no longer cooperate with federal immigration enforcement" beginning on February 28, 2016.
In May 2016, NASA published a study which suggested that most areas were experiencing subsidence at a "highly variable rate" which was "generally consistent with, but somewhat higher than, previous studies."
According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 67.4% of working city of New Orleans residents commuted by driving alone, 9.7% carpooled, 7.3% used public transportation, and 4.9% walked. About 5% used all other forms of transportation, including taxicab, motorcycle, and bicycle. About 5.7% of working New Orleans residents worked at home during 2016.
In 2016, a study published by the ASCE Journal of Hydrologic Engineering provided further data related to land elevation in New Orleans.
In 2016, the New Orleans Police Department (NOPD) reported 176 murders based on annual crime statistics during 2016.
In 2016, the percentage of New Orleans households without a car increased to 20.2% during 2016.
In 2016, there were 83,722 jobs accessible by a thirty-minute walk or transit ride.
As of 2017, New Orleans has had continuous ferry service since 1827, operating three routes. The Canal Street Ferry connects downtown New Orleans with Algiers Point. This terminal also serves the Canal Street/Gretna Ferry, connecting Gretna, Louisiana. A third connects Chalmette, Louisiana, and Lower Algiers during 2017.
As of 2017, Orleans Parish was the third most populous parish in Louisiana.
In 2017, the New Orleans Regional Transit Authority began operation on the extension of the Rampart–St. Claude streetcar line. The 15 Freret and 28 Martin Luther King bus routes were re-routed to Canal Street. These changes increased the number of jobs accessible by a thirty-minute walk or transit ride to 89,216 during 2017.
Through the end of 2017, only 51% of transit service (both streetcar and bus trips) had been restored to pre-Katrina levels during 2017.
The last time the temperature reached 20 °F (-7 °C) in New Orleans was on January 17, 2018.
As of 2018, more than 13 million passengers passed through Armstrong International, on nonstop flights from more than 57 destinations during 2018.
In 2019, The Times-Picayune and The New Orleans Advocate merged to form The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate during 2019.
Murders increased 68% in 2020 from 2019. Criminal justice observers blamed impacts from COVID-19 and changes in police strategies for the uptick.
The consecutive winters of 2018-19 and 2019-20 passed with no freezing temperatures at all in New Orleans.
According to the 2020 United States census, there were 383,997 people, 151,753 households, and 69,370 families residing in the city.
In 2020, New Orleans was one of six parishes in Louisiana that had an African-American Majority.
In 2020, murders in New Orleans increased by 68% from 2019, totaling 202 murders. Observers attributed the increase to impacts from COVID-19 and changes in police strategies during 2020.
In 2020, the Greater New Orleans metropolitan area had a population of 1,271,845 and became the 46th most populous MSA in the United States.
In 2020, the U.S. census recorded the population of New Orleans as 383,997, making it the most populous city in Louisiana and the French Louisiana region.
In 2020, the period for climate normals ended for New Orleans.
In 2020, the racial and ethnic makeup of New Orleans was 53.61% Black or African American, 31.61% non-Hispanic white, 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 3.71% multiracial or of another race, and 8.08% Hispanic and Latino American of any race.
On August 29, 2021, the 16th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina's landfall, Hurricane Ida, a category 4 hurricane, made landfall near Port Fourchon and caused damage during the Hurricane Ida tornado outbreak.
In 2021, portions of Greater New Orleans were flooded by Hurricane Ida.
In 2022, New Orleans experienced 280 murders, resulting in the highest per capita homicide rate in the United States.
In 2022, New Orleans' homicide rate skyrocketed, leading every major city and resulting in the city being declared the "Murder Capital of America" again. The city homicide count reached a 26-year high of 280, and the NOPD dropped to under 1,000 officers in 2022.
On August 27, 2023, New Orleans recorded a temperature of 105 °F (41 °C).
On August 28, 2023, Audubon Park recorded a temperature of 104 °F (40 °C).
On January 1, 2025, a truck attack occurred in New Orleans, killing 15 people and injuring 35. The attack was carried out as an act of domestic terrorism and was committed by Shamsud-Din Jabbar.
On January 21, 2025, New Orleans received 8–10 inches (20–25 cm) of snow.
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