Project 2025, spearheaded by The Heritage Foundation, is a comprehensive plan to restructure the U.S. federal government. Its core objective is to concentrate executive power, enabling the implementation of conservative policies should a Republican win the 2024 presidential election. The initiative outlines strategies for policy changes across various governmental departments and agencies, aiming to reduce the size and scope of the federal government while emphasizing a conservative ideological agenda.
In 1965, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was enacted, and Project 2025 proposes to allow Title I of the Act to expire, which would remove $18 billion in federal funds for schools in low-income areas.
In 1970, the Family Planning Services and Population Research Act, enacted as Title X of Public Health Service Act, which offers reproductive healthcare services.
Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, the unitary executive theory has seen a resurgence and popularization within the Republican Party.
In 2009, the EPA found that carbon dioxide emissions are harmful to human health. Project 2025 wants to reverse this finding, preventing the federal government from regulating greenhouse gas emissions.
In 2010, the Obama administration retired similar missile programs.
In 2013, the B61-12 modernization program began, and has been continued by each administration since.
In 2014, the W80 modernization program began, and has been continued by each administration since.
According to ProPublica, 29 of the 36 speakers in the videos worked for Donald Trump in some capacity, including on his 2016–2017 transition team.
In 2016, when the Republican Party nominated him for president, Trump signed a pledge to examine the "public health impact of Internet pornography on youth, families and the American culture", but he did not fulfill this promise.
According to ProPublica, 29 of the 36 speakers in the videos worked for Donald Trump in some capacity, including in his 2016–2017 transition team.
In 2017, Mandy Gunasekara claims to have been an instrumental advocate for the United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement.
In 2018, Trump claimed he could fire special counsel Robert Mueller.
In 2018, Trump restarted funding these SLCM-N (nuclear armed submarine-launched cruise missiles).
In 2019, Trump asserted that Article Two of the U.S. Constitution grants him the "right to do whatever as president", a claim aligned with the unitary executive theory.
In January 2020, Trump HHS secretary Alex Azar nicknamed the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) the "Department of Life", voicing his pride in being "part of the most pro-life administration in this country's history".
In 2021, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law was enacted, authorizing funding for de-carbonizing transportation infrastructure.
In 2022, the Biden administration canceled the funding for the SLCM-N (nuclear armed submarine-launched cruise missiles).
In 2022, the Supreme Court ruled in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization that state abortion bans are constitutional, contrary to Roe v. Wade.
In April 2023, The Heritage Foundation published Project 2025, a political initiative aimed at reshaping the federal government and consolidating executive power in favor of right-wing policies.
In May 2023, James Bacon and John McEntee, former White House Presidential Personnel Office employees, joined Project 2025, bringing with them a questionnaire to screen potential recruits for adherence to the project's agenda, similar to one they developed in 2020 to test potential government employees' commitment to Trumpism.
In August 2023, Ron DeSantis embraced Project 2025.
In November 2023, Stephen Miller told Charlie Kirk that Project 2025 would rival the scale of "building the Panama Canal" and would include deputizing the National Guard in red states as immigration enforcement officers under Trump's command, deploying them in blue states.
In 2023, Brynn Tannehill, writing for Dame magazine, argued that The Mandate for Leadership in part "makes eradicating LGBTQ people from public life its top priority", while citing passages from the playbook linking pornography to "transgender ideology", arguing that it related to other anti-transgender attacks.
In 2023, Stephen Miller proposed immediately mobilizing the military for domestic law and immigration enforcement at the start of a second Trump administration under the Insurrection Act of 1807.
In April 2024, Heritage announced that Project 2025 policy includes "arresting, detaining, and removing immigration violators anywhere in the United States".
In April 2024, Kevin Roberts of the Heritage Foundation stated that he had discussed Project 2025 with Donald Trump. However, the Trump campaign denied that this conversation occurred.
In April 2024, responding to criticism of the project, Heritage released a document titled "5 Reasons Leftists HATE Project 2025".
In May 2024, Heritage announced a $100,000 grant for Project Sovereignty 2025, stating that the research's purpose was "to alert Congress, a conservative administration, and the American people to the presence of anti-American bad actors burrowed into the administrative state and ensure appropriate action is taken."
In May 2024, Ruth Ben-Ghiat, a scholar of fascism and authoritarian leaders at New York University, described Project 2025 as a plan for an authoritarian takeover of the United States. She said the project's intent to abolish federal departments and agencies is to destroy the legal and governance cultures of liberal democracy and create new bureaucratic structures to support autocratic rule.
As of June 2024, 24 of the 32 NATO members had allocated at least 2% of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to defense.
In June 2024, the American Accountability Foundation, under the name Project Sovereignty 2025, was researching the backgrounds of key high-ranking federal civil servants with a $100,000 grant from Heritage to post online the names of 100 people who might oppose Trump's agenda.
In June 2024, when asked by Peter Bergen if she could name a time when State Department employees obstructed Trump policy, Kiron Skinner said she could not.
On July 2, 2024, Heritage Foundation president Kevin Roberts stated, "we are in the process of the second American Revolution, which will remain bloodless if the left allows it to be", causing controversy.
On July 5, 2024, Donald Trump denied having any knowledge of Project 2025. However, political commentators dismissed Trump's denial.
On July 10, 2024, the hacktivist group SiegedSec announced it had hacked the Heritage Foundation and acquired 200 gigabytes of user information, citing opposition to Project 2025 and the organization's opposition to transgender rights as motivation.
As of July 2024, Heritage claims to have nearly 20,000 profiles in their database for potential administration staff.
In July 2024, CRA director of research Micah Meadowcroft said the orders would be distributed during the presidential transition in such a way that they would never be made public.
In July 2024, Donald Moynihan of Georgetown University wrote about Project 2025.
In July 2024, Oren Cass, contributing author of Mandate's chapter on the Department of Labor, criticized the project's leadership.
In July 2024, Project 2025 released a statement saying the project "does not speak for any candidate or campaign". Also in July 2024, Trump reiterated his disavowal of Project 2025, but Project 2025 Director Paul Dans confirmed ongoing connections with Trump's campaign.
In July 2024, Stephen Miller, a former Trump advisor, sought to remove his company, America First Legal, from the Project 2025 list of advisory board members.
On August 6, 2024, the release of the book "Dawn's Early Light: Taking Back Washington to Save America" was postponed until after the November election.
In August 2024, an oversize copy of The Mandate was used as a prop during the 2024 Democratic National Convention.
On September 24, 2024, Heritage Foundation president and Project 2025 architect Kevin Roberts was due to release the book "Dawn's Early Light: Taking Back Washington to Save America", with a foreword by Republican vice-presidential nominee JD Vance.
On November 13, 2024, The Guardian published an account of the hostile reception its reporter encountered at one of the events, and was expelled, for "Dawn's Early Light: Taking Back Washington to Save America" by Kevin Roberts.
In November 2024, Stephen Miller was appointed as an advisor to the White House for Donald Trump's second term.
According to ProPublica, 29 of the 36 speakers in the videos worked for Donald Trump in some capacity, including in his 2024 reelection campaign.
In 2024, David Corn called Project 2025 "the right-wing infrastructure that is publicly plotting to undermine the checks and balances of our constitutional order and concentrate unprecedented power in the presidency, placing the nation on a path to autocracy."
In 2024, The Heritage Foundation aimed to have 20,000 personnel in its database as part of Project 2025, intending to recruit individuals aligned with its policies and objectives.
In 2024, after Trump won the election, he nominated several Project 2025 contributors to positions in his second administration, including Brendan Carr, Tom Homan and Russell Vought.
In 2024, after Trump won the election, left-leaning media sources highlighted how right-wing commentators began saying on social media that Project 2025 was the official plan. Former White House advisor Steve Bannon and Texas official Bo French supported transparency about implementing Project 2025.
In 2024, the Supreme Court made a decision on Trump v. United States, which grants broad immunity from prosecution for acts committed in the course of a president's official duties. Several Project 2025 partners praised this decision.
Project 2025 proposes reducing the capital gains rate for high earners to 15% from the 2024 level of 20%.
The Project 2025 tax plan simplifies individual income taxes to two flat tax rates: 15% on incomes up to the Social Security Wage Base ($168,600 in 2024), and 30% above that.
In January 2025, one executive order diverted funding from public schools to private school vouchers, aligning with Project 2025's goal to reshape education. Trump also signed an executive order freezing new foreign aid for 90 days, and later required stop-work orders for all existing foreign aid, aligning with the changes to foreign aid advocated by Project 2025.
On January 20, 2025, Donald Trump, as part of Project 2025, signed an executive order to revive Schedule F job classification, which aims to destroy the administrative state and fire/traumatize federal workers.
On January 20, 2025, Project 2025 advocates for the dismissal of all Department of State employees in leadership roles and replacing them with ideologically vetted appointees not requiring Senate confirmation.
On February 7, 2025, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced that it would change its maximum indirect cost rate for university research grants from 50% in some cases to 15%, as recommended by Project 2025.
In 2025, David Corn called Project 2025 "the right-wing infrastructure that is publicly plotting to undermine the checks and balances of our constitutional order and concentrate unprecedented power in the presidency, placing the nation on a path to autocracy."
In 2025, Heritage Foundation president Kevin Roberts was the architect of Project 2025.
In 2025, Kevin Roberts in Project 2025's Mandate argues pornography promotes sexual deviance and exploitation, is not protected by the First Amendment, and should be banned with criminal prosecution.
In 2025, Media Matters reported that several Project 2025 partners praised the 2024 Supreme Court decision Trump v. United States, which grants broad immunity from prosecution for acts committed in the course of a president's official duties.
In 2025, Project 2025 advocated for expanding the use of the death penalty to include crimes such as pedophilia.
In 2025, Project 2025 advocates allowing Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to expire, removing $18 billion in federal funds for schools in low-income areas, and proposes providing school vouchers with no strings attached, cutting funding for free school meals, and ending the Head Start program.
In 2025, Project 2025 advocates downsizing the EPA, including closing the Office of Environmental Justice and External Civil Rights, reversing the 2009 EPA finding on carbon dioxide emissions, preventing the EPA from using private health data, blocking the expansion of the national electrical grid, stymying the transition to renewable energy, and curtailing funding for the DOE's Grid Deployment Office.
In 2025, Project 2025 advocates for foreign policy decisions prioritizing national interests, avoiding interventionism and isolationism. Max Primorac suggests changes to USAID's mission in 'Mandate' due to issues like abortion promotion, climate change policies, gender identity acknowledgment, and anti-racism campaigns, recommending terms like "gender" and "abortion" be removed from USAID documents.
In 2025, Project 2025 advocates limiting the federal government's role in education to statistics-keeping and curtailing civil rights enforcement in schools, transferring responsibilities to the Department of Justice, and ceasing investigations into disparate impacts of disciplinary measures based on race or ethnicity.
In 2025, Project 2025 aimed to alter the National Institutes of Health (NIH) by making it easier to fire employees, remove DEI programs, stop funding research with embryonic stem cells, and prohibit the promotion of equal participation by women.
In 2025, Project 2025 aims to enforce the Comstock Act more rigorously at the national level to prohibit sending abortion pills and medical equipment used for abortions through the mail, proposing criminal prosecution of senders and receivers.
In 2025, Project 2025 calls for reversing the FDA's approval of mifepristone and misoprostol, eliminating insurance coverage of Ella, and updating CDC messaging about fertility awareness-based methods. HHS should require states to report abortion details.
In 2025, Project 2025 encourages prioritizing research that aligns with conservative principles, potentially reducing funding for climatology research.
In 2025, Project 2025 encourages the next president "to enact the most robust protections for the unborn that Congress will support".
In 2025, Project 2025 encourages the president to withhold federal disaster relief funds granted by FEMA should state or local governments refuse to abide by federal immigration laws.
In 2025, Project 2025 envisions significantly reducing the federal government's role in education by closing the Department of Education and giving states control over funding and policy, in response to concerns about 'woke propaganda' in public schools.
In 2025, Project 2025 has a line stating that it is possible to use the Insurrection Act to secure the southern border.
In 2025, Project 2025 helped draft executive orders, including invoking the Insurrection Act, and developed a 180-day playbook for each federal agency during the first six months of Trump's second term.
In 2025, Project 2025 opposes "radical gender ideology" and advocates that the government "maintain a biblically based, social-science-reinforced definition of marriage and family" by removing protections against discrimination on the basis of sexual or gender identity and eliminating diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) provisions from federal legislation.
In 2025, Project 2025 presents conflicting views on foreign trade, with some advocating for reciprocal tariffs and others promoting free trade policies to lower consumer costs and strengthen international alliances.
In 2025, Project 2025 promotes making the Department of Justice less independent of the president, potentially allowing the president to prosecute political rivals.
In 2025, Project 2025 proposes abolishing the Economic Development Administration (EDA) or redirecting it to assist communities affected by the Biden administration's energy policies, along with facilitating innovations in the civilian nuclear industry.
In 2025, Project 2025 proposes reconsidering the accommodations given to journalists who are members of the White House Press Corps and defunding the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, a private, nonprofit corporation that provides funding for the Public Broadcasting System and National Public Radio.
In 2025, Project 2025 pushed for legislation requiring social media companies to not remove mainstream political positions and prevent the Federal Elections Commission from countering misinformation about election integrity.
In 2025, Project 2025 recommends curtailing the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and cutting federal funding for transit agencies nationwide.
In 2025, Project 2025 recommends incentives for the general public to identify flaws and misconduct in climatology research and to legally challenge it.
In 2025, Project 2025 said Trump should align federal organizations with the policy that abortion is not health care and promote American health "from conception to natural death".
In 2025, Project 2025 said that legal settlements called consent decrees between the DOJ and local police departments would be curtailed. Also, if the responsibilities of the FBI and another federal agency, such as the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), overlapped, then the latter should take the lead.
In 2025, Project 2025 said that public school teachers who want to use a transgender student's preferred pronouns would be required to obtain written permission from the student's legal guardian. Project 2025's backers also want to target the private sector by reversing "the DEI revolution in labor policy" in favor of more "race-neutral" regulations.
In 2025, Project 2025 said that the Department of Justice (DOJ) has become "a bloated bureaucracy with a critical core of personnel who are infatuated with the perpetuation of a radical liberal agenda" and must be reformed and closely overseen by the White House, and the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) must be personally accountable to the president.
In 2025, Project 2025 seeks to place the federal government's entire executive branch under direct presidential control, eliminating the independence of various agencies, based on an interpretation of unitary executive theory.
In 2025, Project 2025 seeks to restore Trump-era "religious and moral exemptions" to contraceptive requirements under the ACA, including emergency contraception (Plan B). Project 2025 also seeks to defund Planned Parenthood and remove protection of medical records involving abortions from criminal investigations if the records' owners cross state lines.
In 2025, Project 2025 seeks to revive provisions of the Comstock Act that banned mail delivery of anything that could be used for an abortion and calls for enforcement of federal law against using the U.S. Postal Service for transportation of medicines that induce abortion.
In 2025, Project 2025 suggested cutting Medicaid funding through caps, limits, stricter work requirements, and reduced federal oversight. They also advocated cutting funding to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).
In 2025, Project 2025 suggests authorizing the Uniformed Division of the Secret Service to enforce the law outside of the White House and the immediate surroundings.
In 2025, Project 2025 supports repealing the Inflation Reduction Act and closing the Loan Programs Office, with proposals to reorient DOE funding away from climate change and renewable energy research and to close the DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations.
In 2025, Project 2025's 1,000-page proposal was drafted with input from a long list of former Trump administration officials who are poised to fill the top ranks of a potential new administration.
In 2025, Project 2025's manifesto includes eliminating climate change mitigation from the National Security Council's agenda, encouraging allied nations to use fossil fuels, and supporting the development of oil, gas, and coal resources, including Arctic drilling.
In 2025, Project 2025's nuclear policy was called "the most dramatic buildup of nuclear weapons since the start of the Reagan administration" and the beginning of a new global nuclear arms race by The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. It also requires the Defense Department to abolish its DEI programs and reinstate service members discharged for not getting vaccinated against COVID-19.
In 2025, Republican climate advocates disagree with Project 2025's climate policy, emphasizing the importance of the Inflation Reduction Act and supporting good energy and climate policy.
In 2025, Roger Severino wrote Project 2025's chapter on health care which included reforming the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to promote the traditional nuclear family, prohibiting Medicare from negotiating drug prices, promoting the Medicare Advantage program, and denying transgender people gender-affirming care.
In 2025, Ruth Ben-Ghiat, a scholar of fascism and authoritarian leaders at New York University, described Project 2025 as a plan for an authoritarian takeover of the United States. She said the project's intent to abolish federal departments and agencies is to destroy the legal and governance cultures of liberal democracy and create new bureaucratic structures to support autocratic rule.
In 2025, Severino stated that Project 2025 was developing executive orders and proposing regulations to roll back Biden's abortion policies and solidify a new environment in the wake of Dobbs. The Reproductive Healthcare Access Task Force would be replaced by a pro-life agency.
In 2025, Trump's early budget freezes and spending cuts reflected Project 2025's aggressive push to downsize government programs. In addition, his push to weaken FEMA is part of a broader Project 2025 strategy to reduce the federal government's role in disaster relief.
In 2025, Trump's policy actions reignited scrutiny of Project 2025, with critics warning that his administration is actively implementing its agenda across multiple sectors. His early executive actions closely mirrored Project 2025's outline, reinforcing concern that his administration is rapidly enacting a pre-planned right-wing playbook. His executive orders on gender policies, federal hiring, and foreign aid reflect the project's policies, signaling a shift toward more autocratic governance.
In 2025, Trump's policy on TikTok diverged from Project 2025's call to ban the app.
In 2025, after Trump won the election, left-leaning media sources highlighted how right-wing commentators began saying on social media that Project 2025 was the official plan. Former White House advisor Steve Bannon and Texas official Bo French supported transparency about implementing Project 2025.
In 2025, after the nomination of several Project 2025 contributors by Trump, Karoline Leavitt issued a statement saying "President Trump never had anything to do with Project 2025".
In 2025, appropriating civil rights for white Christians furthers the Trumpist goal of delegitimizing the cause of racial equality while also making Christian nationalism a core value of domestic policy. Doing away with the separation of church and state is the goal of many architects of Trumpism, from Project 2025 contributor Russ Vought to far-right proselytizer Michael Flynn.
In 2025, former Trump staffers involved with Project 2025 include former White House chief of staff Mark Meadows and Trump's former senior adviser Stephen Miller.
In 2025, if Project 2025 were implemented, Congressional approval would not be required for the sale of military equipment and ammunition to a foreign nation, unless "unanimous congressional support is guaranteed".
In 2025, it is suggested that Project 2025 is designed to let Donald Trump function as a dictator by eviscerating restraints built into the system, destroying the rule of law, and threatening the safety of everyone in the country.
In 2025, many of Trump's indicated plans for a second term fall in line with the Project 2025 outline.
In 2025, members in the database had access to training modules that were relatively light on substance and heavy on ideology.
In 2025, political experts describe Project 2025 as significant executive aggrandizement, likening it to democratic backsliding seen in countries like Russia, Hungary, Turkey, and Venezuela.
In 2025, regarding [Project 2025] Donald Moynihan of Georgetown University commented that: "it would add measurably to the risks of corruption in American government and would open the door for abuses of political power."
In 2025, responding to criticism of the project, Heritage released a document titled "5 Reasons Leftists HATE Project 2025".
In 2025, several authors or contributors to Project 2025 were nominated or appointed to roles in the second Trump administration, including Michael Anton, Paul S. Atkins, Steven G. Bradbury, Troy Edgar, Jon Feere, Pete Hoekstra, Roman Jankowski, and Peter Navarro.
In 2025, several conservatives and Republicans criticized the plan for its stances on climate change and trade.
In 2025, the Biden campaign launched a website critical of Project 2025 hours before his June 27 debate with Trump.
In 2025, the executive order Restoring the Death Penalty and Protecting Public Safety, was a step towards Project 2025's goal of expanding the capital punishment. It directs the Attorney General to seek the death penalty in cases of murder of a police officer and capital crimes by illegal aliens. It also directs the DOJ to ensure that states that wish to apply the death penalty have a sufficient supply of lethal injection materials.
In 2025, to prevent teenage pregnancy, Project 2025 advises the federal government to deprecate what it considers promotion of abortion and high-risk sexual behaviors among adolescents. It also seeks to remove HHS's role in shaping sex education.
In 2025, under Project 2025's recommendations, a reformed DOJ would combat affirmative discrimination or anti-white racism, citing the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The DOJ's Civil Rights Division would "prosecute all state and local governments, institutions of higher education, corporations, and any other private employers" with DEI or affirmative action programs.
By 2026, plans include placing multiple warheads on each Minuteman III ICBM and its Sentinel replacement.
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