Captain Marvel, now known as Shazam, is a superhero created in 1939 by C.C. Beck and Bill Parker. His alter ego is Billy Batson, a young boy who transforms into a powerful adult superhero by uttering the magic word "SHAZAM!" This word grants him powers derived from six immortal elders: Solomon, Hercules, Atlas, Zeus, Achilles, and Mercury. He fights villains like Black Adam, Doctor Sivana, and Mister Mind, often alongside his sister Mary Batson and friend Freddy Freeman, who also gain powers. Captain Marvel has been a member of superhero teams like the Justice League, Justice Society of America and Teen Titans.
In 1939, C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created Captain Marvel, a superhero who would later be published by Fawcett Comics and DC Comics.
In 1939, after the success of Superman and Batman, Fawcett Publications started its own comics division, recruiting Bill Parker to create hero characters.
In late 1939, Whiz Comics #2 was published, featuring the origin of Captain Marvel and Billy Batson.
In the fall of 1939, the comic book initially printed as Flash Comics #1 and Thrill Comics #1 was renamed Whiz Comics, and Captain Thunder's name was changed to Captain Marvel.
In 1940, Whiz Comics #2 introduced Billy Batson, a homeless newsboy, who becomes Captain Marvel after meeting the wizard Shazam. Shazam grants Billy the powers of Solomon, Hercules, Atlas, Zeus, Achilles, and Mercury.
In February 1940, Captain Marvel made his debut in Whiz Comics #2, published by Fawcett Comics. This issue introduced Billy Batson, who transforms into Captain Marvel by saying "SHAZAM!".
In late 1939, Whiz Comics #2 (cover-dated February 1940) was published. It introduced Billy Batson and his transformation into Captain Marvel.
In March 1941, Captain Marvel Adventures, Captain Marvel's solo series, debuted with issue #1, written and drawn by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby.
In 1941, Captain Marvel became the first comic book superhero adapted to film in the Republic Pictures serial, Adventures of Captain Marvel, starring Tom Tyler as Captain Marvel.
In 1941, Captain Marvel saved Freddy Freeman in Whiz Comics #25, granting him the power to become Captain Marvel Jr. by saying "Captain Marvel."
In 1941, Detective Comics (DC Comics) sued Fawcett Comics and Republic Pictures for copyright infringement, claiming Captain Marvel was based on Superman.
In 1941, Whiz Comics #21 introduced the Lieutenant Marvels, three other boys named "Billy Batson" who can also become adult superheroes by saying "Shazam!" in unison, forming a team with Captain Marvel.
By 1942, Otto Binder became the chief writer for Captain Marvel-related comics stories after Bill Parker was drafted into World War II.
In 1942, Captain Marvel Adventures #18 introduced Mary Bromfield, Billy's long-lost twin sister, who becomes Mary Marvel by saying "Shazam."
Around 1943, a Captain Marvel radio serial was briefly broadcast, possibly by Mutual or NBC, with Burt Boyar as Billy Batson.
In 1943, C. C. Beck and writer Rod Reed prepared seven sample installments of a Captain Marvel comic strip, but syndicates expressed no interest.
In 1945, Steamboat, an African-American valet character, was removed from the comics due to protests over racial stereotyping.
From 1947 forward, Billy/Marvel's sidekick was Mr. Tawky Tawny, an anthropomorphic talking tiger who works as a museum curator and seeks integration into human society.
In 1948, the copyright infringement case, National Comics Publications, Inc. v. Fawcett Publications, Inc., went to trial after seven years of litigation.
In 1951, the initial verdict in the copyright infringement case favored Fawcett, as DC was found negligent in copyrighting Superman newspaper strips.
In May 1953, the National Comics/Fawcett Comics rivalry was parodied in "Superduperman", a satirical comic book story in Mad issue #4.
On August 14, 1953, Fawcett agreed to permanently cease publication of comics with Captain Marvel-related characters and pay National $400,000 in damages.
In 1953, Fawcett Comics ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics due to a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics.
In 1953, Fawcett agreed to never publish Captain Marvel again as part of their settlement, preventing a revival during the Silver Age of Comic Books.
From 1954, Otto Binder and Kurt Schaffenberger, formerly of Fawcett, became prominent members of the creative team for Superman-related comics at DC.
In 1955, the Wizard Shazam placed a spell on Fawcett City that slowed time to a crawl, later broken in later issues.
In 1963, Kurt Schaffenberger snuck an unauthorized cameo by Captain Marvel into a story in Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane #42.
In 1963, Marvelman ceased publication.
In 1966, M. F. Enterprises produced their own Captain Marvel, an android superhero, whose main characteristic was the ability to split his body into several parts.
In 1967, Marvel Comics created and first published their own Captain Marvel character, establishing a comic book trademark.
In 1969, Bill Black attempted to revive Captain Marvel for his fanzine, but fearing legal issues with Fawcett Publications, he destroyed the print run, saving only two copies. He then rewrote the story with his own hero, Captain Paragon.
In 1970, Rocket's Blast Comicollector published a special issue, The Rocket's Blast Special 8, focusing on Captain Marvel's origins and creation, featuring columns by C.C. Beck, Don Newton, Robert Kline, and Gene Arnold. It also included an opinion piece criticizing Detective Comics' copyright infringement lawsuit.
On June 16, 1972, DC Comics entered an agreement with Fawcett to license the Captain Marvel and Marvel Family characters.
In 1972, Fawcett licensed the rights to Captain Marvel to DC Comics, who began integrating the character into their universe.
In 1973, the Shazam! comic series began with Shazam! #1, featuring both new stories and reprints from the 1940s and 1950s. Dennis O'Neil was the primary writer, later replaced by Elliot S. Maggin and E. Nelson Bridwell. C. C. Beck drew the first 10 issues.
In June 1974, DC Comics published a story in Superman #276 featuring a battle between Superman and Captain Thunder, a thinly disguised version of Captain Marvel.
In December 1974, due to a cease and desist letter from Marvel Comics, DC changed the subtitle of Shazam! to "The World's Mightiest Mortal" starting with Shazam! #15.
In December 1974, the real Captain Marvel met Lex Luthor in Shazam! #15.
In 1974, the Captain Thunder character was used as inspiration for the updated Captain Marvel proposal.
From 1975 until the end of its run, Shazam! aired as one-half of The Shazam!/Isis Hour alongside The Secrets of Isis.
The Shazam! live-action series ended its run in 1976.
After 1977, DC paid CBS Publications, as Fawcett's successor, a licensing fee per issue, per page for each of the Fawcett characters who appeared in Shazam! or crossovers.
In 1977, Dr. Sivana creates a Superman robot made of a super-steel to destroy Captain Marvel in Shazam! #30.
As of April 1978, starting with issue #34, Shazam! was heavily rewritten with more realistic stories and art, with Alan Weiss and Joe Rubinstein drawing the first issue. Subsequently Don Newton and Kurt Schaffenberger took over.
In April 1978, Limited Collectors' Edition #C-58 featured a "Superman vs. Shazam!" story by writer Gerry Conway and artists Rich Buckler and Dick Giordano.
Starting in October/November 1978 with issue #253, the Shazam! feature was kept alive as a back-up in World's Finest Comics.
In 1978, a notable Superman/Captain Marvel battle occurred in All-New Collectors' Edition #C-58.
In 1979, Captain Marvel appeared in a pair of low-budget, live-action comedy specials, Legends of the Superheroes, produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions.
In 1981, Roy Thomas was lured from Marvel Comics to DC with the contractual obligation to become the main writer of Shazam! and the Justice Society of America characters.
In August 1982, the Shazam! feature ended its run in World's Finest Comics with issue #282.
In September and October 1982, leftover Shazam! material saw publication in Adventure Comics #491–492.
In 1982, Marvelman was revived by writer Alan Moore in Warrior Magazine.
In 1983, a proposal for an updated Captain Marvel, an African-American "Willie Fawcett" who becomes Captain Thunder, was submitted to DC but never used.
In 1985, Moore's Marvelman adventures were reprinted in color by Eclipse Comics as Miracleman due to trademark issues.
Jeff Smith's Shazam! miniseries featured Billy Batson and Captain Marvel as separate personalities, as they were in the pre-1985 stories.
Prior to DC's Crisis on Infinite Earths comic book miniseries in 1985, the Marvel Family included part-time members such as Uncle Marvel and the Lieutenant Marvels.
With their 1985 Crisis on Infinite Earths miniseries, DC fully integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family characters into the DC Universe.
Around 1986, John Byrne initiated a Shazam! reboot project, following his work on Legends and The Man of Steel.
In 1986, Captain Marvel made his first Post-Crisis appearance in the Legends miniseries.
Prior to 1986, Mary remained a teenager in Marvel form, but Ordway's 1990s Power of Shazam! series made her superpowered form an adult like Billy's.
Starting around 1986 in the Legends miniseries, the personality of young Billy Batson began to be retained when he transformed into Captain Marvel in most future depictions.
In 1987, Captain Marvel became a member of the Justice League in Keith Giffen's and J. M. DeMatteis' relaunch of that title.
In 1987, Roy & Dann Thomas's miniseries Shazam! The New Beginning had a 15-year-old Billy being forced to move in with Doctor Sivana, who in this version is the cruel uncle who throws Billy out into the street.
From October 25, 1988 to November 15, 1988, a revised version of Captain Marvel appeared in Action Comics Weekly #623–626, introducing a Neo-Nazi version of Captain Marvel.
On November 15, 1988, at the end of the Action Comics Weekly story arc, it was announced that a new Shazam! ongoing series would be launched.
In 1989, Roy Thomas departed DC after his removal from the Shazam! project, leading to the cancellation of his intended Marvel Family revival.
In 1991, DC Comics acquired all rights to Captain Marvel and the entire family of related characters.
In 1991, Jerry Ordway was given the Shazam! assignment and pitched it as a painted graphic novel that would lead into a series.
In 1994, Jerry Ordway's Power of Shazam! graphic novel, which became the character's definite origin through 2011, featured a ten-year-old Billy being chosen as the Wizard Shazam's champion.
In 1995, a notable Superman/Captain Marvel battle occurred in Superman vol. 2, #102.
In 1995, the DC publication "The Power of Shazam!" depicted the Shazam power as a finite source, divided among Marvel Family members, weakening them accordingly.
In 1995, the Power of Shazam! ongoing series began, following the success of the graphic novel. It reintroduced the Marvel Family into the modern DC Universe.
In 1996, Captain Marvel appeared in Mark Waid and Alex Ross's Kingdom Come alternate universe Elseworlds miniseries, playing a significant role as a mind-controlled pawn.
In 1996, the Kingdom Come comic depicted Billy Batson as an adult, brainwashed servant of Lex Luthor.
In 1996, the Superman/Captain Marvel battle depicted in Kingdom Come #4 serves as the climax of that miniseries, with Marvel having been brainwashed.
In 1998, the Elseworld's Finest: Supergirl & Batgirl comic depicted Captain Marvel as a bald African-American man.
In 1998, the Elseworlds comic Superman: Distant Fires depicted an adult Billy Batson obsessed with Wonder Woman and provoking his transformation into Captain Marvel.
After the cancellation of the Power of Shazam! title in 1999, the Marvel Family made appearances in other DC comic books.
In 1999, the Power of Shazam! ongoing series was cancelled.
In 2000, Captain Marvel starred in the Shazam! Power of Hope oversized special graphic novel, written by Paul Dini and painted by Alex Ross.
In 2001, an alternate take on Shazam! was published as part of the Just Imagine... comics line, reimagined by Stan Lee.
In 2001, the comic miniseries The Dark Knight Strikes Again featured an aged Captain Marvel whose alter ego Billy Batson died eight years prior.
In 2002, Peter Parker yells "Shazam!" while trying to get his powers working in Spider-Man.
In 2002, the comic miniseries The Dark Knight Strikes Again featured an aged Captain Marvel whose alter ego Billy Batson died eight years prior.
In 2003, work began on Jeff Smith's Shazam! miniseries, a more traditional take on the character.
In September 2005, the Superman/Shazam: First Thunder miniseries, written by Judd Winick and drawn by Josh Middleton, was published, depicting the first post-Crisis meeting between Superman and Captain Marvel.
In 2005, the Marvel Family played an integral part in DC's Infinite Crisis crossover. The wizard Shazam is killed by the Spectre in the Day of Vengeance miniseries, and Captain Marvel assumes the wizard's place.
In March 2006, the Superman/Shazam: First Thunder miniseries concluded publication.
In 2006, The Trials of Shazam!, a 12-issue maxiseries written by Judd Winick and illustrated by Howard Porter and Mauro Cascioli, was published. Captain Marvel took over the role of the wizard Shazam.
In 2006, an adapted version of Isis, the heroine of The Secrets of Isis, was introduced into DC Comics as Black Adam's wife.
In 2006, the Marvel Family made guest appearances in the year-long weekly maxi-series 52, which featured Black Adam and introduced his "Black Marvel Family."
On May 2, 2007, 52 #52 revealed a new Multiverse with Earth-5 having visual aspects similar to the pre-Crisis Earth-S, including the Marvel Family characters.
In July 2007, the Captain Marvel miniseries, Shazam!: The Monster Society of Evil, written and illustrated by Jeff Smith, was published in four 48-page installments.
From 2005 to 2007, the Marvel Family appeared frequently in the 12-issue Justice maxi-series by Alex Ross, Jim Krueger, and Doug Braithwaite.
In 2007, during Countdown to Final Crisis, Black Adam gave the powerless Mary Batson his powers, transforming her into a more aggressive super-powered figure.
In July 2008, the all-ages Captain Marvel comic, Billy Batson and the Magic of Shazam!, debuted under DC's Johnny DC imprint.
In 2008, The Trials of Shazam!, a 12-issue maxiseries, concluded publication.
In 2008, as well as in DC's 2008–2009 Final Crisis limited series, Mary Marvel, now black-costumed and possessed by DeSaad, became a villainess.
In 2009, Marvel Comics obtained the rights to the original 1950s Marvelman characters and stories.
In 2009, during Final Crisis, Mary Marvel, possessed by DeSaad, joined forces with Darkseid and fought Supergirl and Freddy Freeman/Shazam.
In 2009-2010, Billy and Mary Batson made a brief appearance during DC's Blackest Night saga in The Power of Shazam! #48.
In December 2010, the monthly comic, Billy Batson and the Magic of Shazam!, ended its publication.
In 2009-2010, Billy and Mary Batson made a brief appearance during DC's Blackest Night saga in The Power of Shazam! #48.
In 2010, Justice League: Generation Lost featured a female Captain Marvel, Sahar Shazeen, as a member of an alternate-future Justice League.
In 2011, Burt Boyar recalled his experience as Billy Batson in a 1943 radio show in an interview.
In 2011, DC Comics relaunched their entire comic book lineup with The New 52, starting with the Flashpoint miniseries. This featured an alternate timeline where Billy, Mary, and Freddy Batson were joined by three new kids as the "S! H! A! Z! A! M! Family," transforming into Captain Thunder. While the continuity changed, the new kids were reintroduced later.
In 2011, DC published a one-shot Shazam! story written by Eric Wallace, featuring Billy and Mary helping Freddy/Shazam in a battle with Blaze.
In 2011, DC relaunched its comic book properties and renamed the mainline version of Captain Marvel to "Shazam", and his associates became the "Shazam Family".
In 2011, Jerry Ordway's Power of Shazam! graphic novel, which became the character's definite origin.
In 2011, the Captain Marvel reboot changed the rules so that he could speak the magic word "Shazam" without transforming.
In 2011, the Flashpoint comics miniseries featured an alternate Captain Thunder with six alter-egos and a scarred face.
In 2011, the Shazam! one-shot depicts Billy and Mary owning a apartment legitimately, implying the character of being eighteen.
In March 2012, Justice League (vol. 2) #7 featured a Shazam! backup story by Geoff Johns and Gary Frank, introducing Billy Batson and his supporting cast into the New DC Universe. Captain Marvel received a redesigned costume and was officially renamed "Shazam."
In 2012, Geoff Johns revised Billy Batson's origin for DC's New 52 universe, renaming the character's alter-ego as "Shazam" and introducing new foster siblings and a revised storyline involving Black Adam and the Seven Deadly Sins.
In 2012, Pedro Peña, Eugene Choi, and Darla Dudley were introduced into regular DC continuity with Justice League (vol. 2) #8 as three of the six children sharing the powers of "Captain Thunder".
In 2012, basic elements of Billy Batson's and Captain Marvel's origin story remained more or less intact, with minor alterations over the years.
In 2013, in the prequel comic to the video game Injustice: Gods Among Us, Shazam joins Superman's Regime.
In 2013, the Forever Evil DC Comics crossover event introduced Mazahs, a corrupted alternate-universe version of Shazam.
In Feb 2015, The Multiversity: Thunderworld #1, a modernized take on the classic Fawcett Captain Marvel stories, was released.
In 2015, a spin-off to the Convergence crossover event, Convergence: Shazam!, took place on the parallel world of Earth-S, featuring new takes on the classic Fawcett versions of Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family.
In 2017, Black Adam appeared in Dark Nights: Metal #4–5 to battle Wonder Woman.
On December 5, 2018, the first issue of the new Shazam! series was published, featuring a manga backup story focused on Mary and her pet rabbit Hoppy.
In late 2018, with the Shazam! movie in production, DC began publishing a new ongoing Shazam! series written by Geoff Johns, featuring an older Billy Batson and his foster siblings exploring their powers.
In the 2018 Shazam series, although Billy would be sixteen years old due to the series taking place a year after the events of Geoff John's Shazam! backup in Justice League, he was remarked to also be fifteen.
In the 2018 ongoing Shazam! series, a more traditional version of Tawny is a resident of The Wildlands, a magical realm inhabited by anthropomorphic animals.
In 2019, Shazam! Origins trade paperback was re-released with a photo cover from the New Line Cinema/Warner Bros. film Shazam! starring Zachary Levi.
In 2019, the New Line Cinema/Warner Bros. film Shazam!, an entry in the DC Extended Universe, was released, starring Zachary Levi as Shazam and Asher Angel as Billy Batson.
In 2019, the Shazam! movie provided the storyline for the Shazam! Thundercrack graphic novel.
In November 2020, the Shazam! series was cancelled with issue #15, due to publishing delays, the COVID-19 pandemic, and artist Dale Eaglesham's desire for a break.
In 2020, a hardcover Deluxe Edition (ISBN 978-1779506849, 208 pgs) was published.
In 2020, the Boys are depicted as kidnapping their universe's version of Billy Batson/Shazam and cutting out his tongue to prevent him from using his powers in Dear Becky.
On May 27, 2021, it was announced that Yehudi Mercado would write and draw a middle-grade graphic novel titled Shazam! Thundercrack.
In 2021, a new edition was released including previous issues plus Kingdom Come #1 and 4, The Power of Shazam! #46, and Superman (vol. 2) #216.
On June 7, 2022, Shazam! Thundercrack was set for both online and print release.
In November 2022, it was announced that a new Shazam! ongoing series would begin publication in May 2023, written by Mark Waid and with art by Dan Mora.
In May 2023, a new Shazam! ongoing series began publication, written by Mark Waid and with art by Dan Mora. During this series, Billy becomes known as "The Captain" and his foster siblings lose their powers.
In 2023, the comic event Lazarus Planet reverted the rule, so speaking the word "Shazam" triggers the lightning again.
In the 2024 Shazam! series, Marilyn reappears, revealing to Billy a half-brother and intents to reclaim custody of him.
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