Damien Hirst is a prominent English artist and art collector, known as one of the Young British Artists (YBAs) who significantly impacted the UK art world in the 1990s. Reputedly the wealthiest living artist in the UK, Hirst's career was initially intertwined with collector Charles Saatchi. Their collaborative relationship eventually dissolved due to growing tensions in 2003. Hirst's work is often characterized by controversial themes and materials, solidifying his place as a major figure in contemporary art.
In 1943, Joseph Cornell created a display of cabinet with shelves and bottles, Pharmacy.
In June 1965, Damien Steven Hirst was born. He later became an English artist and art collector, one of the Young British Artists (YBAs) who dominated the UK art scene in the 1990s.
In 1983, Damien Hirst visited an exhibition of Francis Davison's work at the Hayward Gallery. The abstract collages made from torn and cut coloured paper inspired his own work for the next two years.
In 1987, Damien Hirst had an exhibition with Holden Rowan at the Old Court Gallery in Windsor Arts Centre, UK. Derek Culley was the curator.
In 1987, John LeKay created This is My Body, This is My Blood.
In July 1988, during his second year at Goldsmiths College, Damien Hirst organized the independent student exhibition, Freeze, in London's Docklands. The event was visited by Charles Saatchi, Norman Rosenthal and Nicholas Serota.
In 1988, Damien Hirst held an exhibition titled "Damien Hirst: Constructions and Sculpture" at the Old Court Gallery in Windsor, UK. The curator was Derek Culley.
In 1988, Damien Hirst participated in the Freeze exhibition held at Surrey Docks, London, UK, which he organized.
Already in 1989, Damien Hirst had been part of a group exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, and the Emmanuel Perrotin Gallery in Paris.
In 1989, Damien Hirst participated in the New Contemporaries exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London, UK.
In 1990, Damien Hirst created 'A Thousand Years', a work that contains an actual life cycle, where maggots hatch inside a white minimal box, turn into flies, then feed on a bloody, severed cow's head in a claustrophobic glass vitrine.
In 1990, Damien Hirst curated warehouse shows like Modern Medicine and Gambler with Carl Freedman and Billee Sellman. Charles Saatchi bought Hirst's "A Thousand Years", a large glass case containing maggots and flies feeding on a rotting cow's head. They also staged Michael Landy's Market.
In 1990, Damien Hirst participated in the Gambler exhibition held at Building One in London, UK.
In 1990, Damien Hirst showcased his work in the Modern Medicine exhibition held at Building One in London, UK.
In 1990, John LeKay created an anatomical torso model Yin and Yang.
In 1991, Charles Saatchi offered to fund any artwork Hirst wanted to make, leading to the creation of The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living.
In 1991, Damien Hirst created 'The Acquired Inability to Escape', a sculpture that would be donated to the Tate in 2007.
In 1991, Damien Hirst created an artwork featuring a large tiger shark suspended in formaldehyde, creating the illusion of the animal being cut into three pieces due to the container's appearance.
In 1991, Damien Hirst's first solo exhibition, In and Out of Love, was held in London. He also met Jay Jopling, who became his art dealer. The Serpentine Gallery presented Broken English, a survey of new artists partly curated by Hirst.
In 1991, Hirst's cabinets with shelves and bottles, e.g., My Way expanded to become his room-size installation.
In 1991, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry was published, one place where Dixon's design had been published.
Between 1992 and 1994, artist John LeKay was a friend of Damien Hirst and he was reported to have provided ideas and inspirations for a variety of his later works.
Between 1992 and 2012, Damien Hirst lived with his American girlfriend, Maia Norman.
In 1992, Damien Hirst was nominated for the Turner Prize for his first Young British Artists exhibition at the Saatchi Gallery in North London, which included his 'The Physical Impossibility of Death...'. However, the award went to Grenville Davey that year.
In 1992, Hirst's cabinets with shelves and bottles, e.g., My Way expanded to become his room-size installation Pharmacy.
In 1992, Hirst's shark in formaldehyde artwork, The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, was showcased at the first Young British Artists exhibition at the Saatchi Gallery and sold for £50,000. Hirst was nominated for the Turner Prize that year.
In 1993, Damien Hirst's first major international presentation was at the Venice Biennale. He showcased the work, Mother and Child Divided, a cow and a calf cut into sections and exhibited in a series of separate vitrines.
In 1993, artist John LeKay suggests that Damien Hirst copied the idea of For the Love of God from his work on crystal skulls in 1993.
Between 1992 and 1994, artist John LeKay was a friend of Damien Hirst and he was reported to have provided ideas and inspirations for a variety of his later works.
From 1994 Lori Precious made stained-glass window effects from butterfly wings.
In 1994, Damien Hirst curated the show Some Went Mad, Some Ran Away at the Serpentine Gallery, where he exhibited Away from the Flock. Mark Bridger vandalized the artwork by pouring black ink into the tank, leading to a court case.
Damien Hirst won the Turner Prize in 1995.
In 1995, Damien Hirst met Joe Strummer at Glastonbury, becoming good friends and going on annual family holidays with him.
In 1995, Damien Hirst won the Turner Prize. He also directed the video for the song Country House for the band Blur.
In 1995, Damien Hirst's first son was born.
In 1997, Damien Hirst published his autobiography and art book, I Want To Spend the Rest of My Life Everywhere, with Everyone, One to One, Always, Forever, Now. He formed the band Fat Les with Alex James and Keith Allen, achieving a hit song Vindaloo. Hirst also designed a pattern for the Beagle 2 probe.
In 1997, When a photograph of Away from the Flock was reproduced in the book by Hirst I want to spend the rest of my life everywhere, with everyone, one-to-one, always, forever, now, the vandalism was referenced by allowing the tank to be obscured by pulling a card, reproducing the effect of ink being poured into the tank; this resulted in Hirst being sued by Bridger for violating his copyright on Black Sheep.
In 1997, questions about authenticity arose when a spin painting that Damien Hirst said was a "forgery" appeared at sale, even though he had previously stated that he often had nothing to do with the creation of these pieces.
By February 1999, Damien Hirst had two assistants that had painted 300 spot paintings.
In 1999, Damien Hirst created an enlarged version of an anatomical torso model, Hymn.
In 1999, Damien Hirst turned down an invitation to be the UK's representative at the Venice Biennale. He also threatened to sue British Airways for copyright infringement over an advert design for its low-budget airline, Go.
In 1999, Damien Hirst was asked to represent the UK in the Venice Biennale or to become a Royal Academian, but he refused both offers.
In 1999, the Stuckist art group was founded with a specific anti-Britart agenda by Charles Thomson and Billy Childish. Damien Hirst is one of their main targets.
Starting in 1999, Damien Hirst's works have been challenged and contested as plagiarized 16 times. One instance involved his sculpture Hymn, which led to legal proceedings and an out-of-court settlement.
In September 2000, Larry Gagosian held Damien Hirst's show, Damien Hirst: Models, Methods, Approaches, Assumptions, Results and Findings, in New York. It attracted 100,000 visitors in 12 weeks and all the work was sold.
In 2000, Damien Hirst created the LSD "spot painting" which would later inspire the signature NEO-Pop art style used to design the Brit Awards statue in January 2013.
In 2000, Damien Hirst was sued for breach of copyright over his sculpture, Hymn, which was an enlargement of Connor's 14" Young Scientist Anatomy Set, designed by Norman Emms. Hirst settled out of court, donating an undisclosed sum to charities and making a "goodwill payment" to Emms, also agreeing to restrictions on further reproductions of the sculpture.
In 2000, Damien Hirst's second son was born with his then-girlfriend, Maia Norman.
On 10 September 2002, on the eve of the first anniversary of the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks, Damien Hirst gave an interview with BBC News Online.
In 2002, Damien Hirst created the 'Who is Afraid of the Dark?' fly painting, that would later be donated to the Tate in 2007.
In 2002, Damien Hirst stopped smoking and drinking after his wife complained. Also, after Joe Strummer died of a heart attack just before Christmas 2002, Hirst founded a charity, Strummerville, to help young musicians.
In April 2003, the Saatchi Gallery opened at new premises in County Hall, London, including a Hirst retrospective. This event brought a strain in Damien Hirst's relationship with Charles Saatchi to a head, leading Hirst to disassociate himself from the retrospective.
In September 2003, Damien Hirst's exhibition Romance in the Age of Uncertainty at Jay Jopling's White Cube gallery in London, made him a reported £11m. His sculpture, Charity, was sold for £1.5m to Kim Chang-Il.
In 2003, the Stuckism International Gallery exhibited a shark which had first been put on public display two years before Hirst's by Eddie Saunders. The Stuckists questioned why Hirst's shark was recognised as great art while Saunders' was not, suggesting that Hirst may have gotten the idea from Saunders' shop display.
Increasing frictions between Damien Hirst and collector Charles Saatchi came to a head in 2003, marking the end of their close relationship, which had been significant throughout the 1990s.
On 24 May 2004, a fire in the Momart storage warehouse destroyed many works from the Saatchi collection, including 17 of Hirst's works. However, the sculpture Charity survived.
In December 2004, Charles Saatchi sold Damien Hirst's The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living for $8 million to Steve Cohen, who then donated it to The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
In 2004, Damien Hirst's best-known restaurant involvement was Pharmacy, located in Notting Hill, London, which closed.
In late 2004, Damien Hirst designed a cover image for the Band Aid 20 charity single featuring the "Grim Reaper". However, the design was rejected by record company executives.
In March 2005, Damien Hirst exhibited 30 paintings at the Gagosian Gallery in New York. These paintings took him 3½ years to complete and were closely based on photos, mostly by assistants, but with a final finish by Hirst.
In 2005, Damien Hirst created In Nomine Patris [In the Name of the Father].
In 2005, Damien Hirst's third son was born with his then-girlfriend, Maia Norman.
In February 2006, Damien Hirst opened a major show in Mexico at the Hilario Galguera Gallery called 'The Death of God, Towards a Better Understanding of Life without God aboard The Ship of Fools'. This exhibition, Hirst's first in Latin America, attracted considerable media coverage.
In October 2006, the art gallery lemon sky: projects + editions exhibited a selection of works by Lori Precious, who had made stained-glass window effects from butterfly wings from 1994, at the Year 06 Contemporary Art Fair in London. Thomson also suggested that Hirst's spin paintings and installation of a ball on a jet of air were not original.
In November 2006, Damien Hirst was curator of 'In the darkest hour there may be light', shown at the Serpentine Gallery, London. This was the first public exhibition of (a small part of) his own collection, now known as the 'murderme collection'.
In 2006, graphic artist Robert Dixon alleged that Damien Hirst's print Valium had "unmistakable similarities" to one of his own designs. Hirst's manager stated the origin of Hirst's piece was from a book The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry (1991), where Dixon's design was published.
In June 2007, Damien Hirst's 'Lullaby Spring', a 3-metre-wide steel cabinet with 6,136 pills, sold for 19.2 million dollars to Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, the Emir of Qatar. This sale set a world record for the most expensive work of art by a living artist.
In June 2007, Damien Hirst's exhibition 'Beyond Belief' opened at the White Cube gallery in London. The centerpiece was 'For the Love of God', a human skull recreated in platinum and adorned with 8,601 diamonds weighing a total of 1,106.18 carats.
In 2007, Damien Hirst donated sculptures to Tate from his own personal collection of works.
In 2007, Damien Hirst expressed high praise for An Oak Tree by Michael Craig-Martin, calling it "the greatest piece of conceptual sculpture".
In 2007, artist John LeKay claimed to have provided ideas and inspirations for a variety of Damien Hirst's later works, including the concept for Mother and Child, Divided, and For the Love of God. Copyright lawyer Paul Tackaberry reviewed images of LeKay's and Hirst's work and saw no basis for copyright infringement.
On August 30, 2008, Damien Hirst's artwork 'For the Love of God' was sold to a consortium that included Hirst himself and his gallery White Cube, after not selling outright previously.
In September 2008, Damien Hirst bypassed galleries by auctioning his complete show, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby's. The auction raised £111 million ($198 million) and broke the record for a one-artist auction, including £10.3 million for The Golden Calf.
In September 2008, Damien Hirst donated the work, Beautiful Love Survival, at the Sotheby's London sale, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, to raise money for Survival International.
In November 2008, Damien Hirst's skull was exhibited at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam next to an exhibition of paintings from the museum collection selected by Hirst. This exhibition was intended to boost the museum's image and demonstrate its relevance to contemporary art.
In December 2008, Damien Hirst, through the Design and Artists Copyright Society (DACS), demanded action against a 16-year-old graffiti artist, Cartrain, for works containing images of Hirst's skull sculpture 'For the Love of God'. Cartrain was selling these artworks on the internet gallery 100artworks.com.
In 2008, Damien Hirst's auction, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, raised US$198 million.
In 2008, in the Channel 4 documentary 'The Mona Lisa Curse', art critic Robert Hughes criticized Damien Hirst's work as "tacky" and "absurd", questioning the value placed on his art and accusing him of functioning like a commercial brand.
In June 2009, copyright lawyer Paul Tackaberry compared images of Damien Hirst's skull with those created by graffiti artist Cartrain. Tackaberry stated that if a 'substantial portion' of the original appears in the new work, then that is all that is needed for copyright infringement.
In September 2009, the exhibition 'Requiem' took place in the Victor Pinchuk art centre.
In October 2009, Damien Hirst contributed his writing to the book, We Are One: A Celebration of Tribal Peoples, in support of Survival International.
In October 2009, Damien Hirst revealed that he had been painting in a style influenced by Francis Bacon for several years. His show of these paintings, 'No Love Lost', was at the Wallace Collection in London.
Damien Hirst's 2009 show, 'No Love Lost', of paintings by his own hand, at the Wallace Collection in London, received "one of the most unanimously negative responses to any exhibition in living memory", with critics calling the work derivative and weak.
In 2009, Damien Hirst was placed at joint number 238 with a net worth of £235m in the annually collated chart of the wealthiest individuals in Britain and Ireland, Sunday Times Rich List.
In 2010, Charles Thomson argued in 3:AM Magazine and The Jackdaw that there are 15 cases where Damien Hirst plagiarized the work of others. A spokesperson for Hirst called the article "poor journalism" and stated that Hirst would make a "comprehensive" rebuttal.
In 2010, Damien Hirst was among the unsuccessful bidders to take over the Magazine Building, a 19th-century structure in Kensington Gardens.
In 2010, Damien Hirst's wealth was valued at £215m in the Sunday Times Rich List, making him Britain's wealthiest artist.
In 2011, Damien Hirst designed the cover of the Red Hot Chili Peppers album 'I'm with You'.
In 2011, Damien Hirst was listed in Blake Gopnik's "The 10 Most Important Artists of Today", with Gopnik interpreting Hirst's career as "a metaphor for how consumption has become our guiding force".
In March 2012, Damien Hirst outlined his plans to open a gallery in Vauxhall, London, specifically designed to exhibit his personal collection, which includes five pieces by Francis Bacon.
A 2012 exhibition of paintings by Damien Hirst at the White Cube gallery in Bermondsey, entitled "Two Weeks One Summer", provoked criticism in The Guardian.
Between 1992 and 2012, Damien Hirst lived with his American girlfriend, Maia Norman.
Damien Hirst's 2012 retrospective at the Tate Gallery received many complaints from the public, accusing the gallery of wasting taxpayers' money by showcasing art that was 'repetitive', 'meaningless', and 'almost universally awful'.
In 2012, Damien Hirst was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his album cover for the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
In 2012, Damien Hirst's representation of the British Union Flag formed the arena centrepiece for the Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London.
In January 2013, Damien Hirst became the third British artist to design the Brit Awards statue, using his signature NEO-Pop art style inspired by his 2000 LSD "spot painting."
In 2013, the Magazine Building, for which Damien Hirst had unsuccessfully bid to take over in 2010, reopened as the Serpentine Sackler Gallery after its conversion by Zaha Hadid.
In October 2014, Damien Hirst exhibited big scale capsules, pills, and medicines at the Paul Stolper Gallery titled 'Schizophrenogenesis'.
In October 2015, Damien Hirst's Newport Street Gallery opened. It is located in a former theater carpentry and scenery production workshops redesigned by Peter St John and Adam Caruso, and runs the length of Newport Street in Vauxhall.
In April 2016, a study published in Analytical Methods claimed Damien Hirst's preserved carcasses leaked formaldehyde gas above legal limits at Tate Modern. However, this study was later shown to be flawed.
In 2016 Damien Hirst donated artworks for the secret auction of Art on a Postcard, a charity supporting the fight against Hepatitis C.
In 2016, Damien Hirst allegedly created paintings of colorful dots on A4 paper, which were part of an art project called The Currency.
In 2016, Damien Hirst designed the interiors of his new restaurant Pharmacy 2 at the Newport Street Gallery in Vauxhall, London.
In May 2017, Damien Hirst was accused of copying and appropriating Yoruba art from Ilé-Ifẹ̀ in his work Golden Heads (Female), which was on display in his exhibition Treasures from the Wreck of the Unbelievable at the Venice Biennale. Critics argued the work lacked appropriate context.
In 2017, Damien Hirst organized, with the Pinault Foundation, a solo exhibition in Venice contemporaneously to the Biennale in two places in the city: Palazzo Grassi and Punta della Dogana. The title of the exhibition was 'Treasures from the Wreck of the Unbelievable', presenting ancient treasures from a sunken Greek ship, with pieces that range from Ancient Egyptian-alike items to Disney character reproductions, encrusted with shells and corals.
In 2020, Damien Hirst's wealth was estimated at US$384 million in the Sunday Times Rich List, making him the United Kingdom's richest living artist.
In July 2021 Damien Hirst announced his first NFT project, named The Currency: it consisted of 10,000 unique hand-painted dot-covered works on paper, each one corresponding to a non-fungible token.
In July 2021, Damien Hirst's series 'Cherry Blossoms' was exhibited at the Foundation Cartier in Paris. The series was exhibited through January 2022.
In January 2022, Damien Hirst's series 'Cherry Blossoms' exhibition at the Foundation Cartier in Paris concluded. The exhibition had opened in July 2021.
In 2022, Damien Hirst burned the first 1,000 artworks being from The Currency project, with corresponding artworks for the unexchanged NFTs.
In 2022, artist and writer Joe Machine accused Damien Hirst of plagiarism of his cherry blossom paintings, marking the 16th accusation of plagiarism against Hirst.
In March 2024, The Guardian reported that four of Damien Hirst's formaldehyde animal works, which his company Science Ltd. dated to the 1990s, were actually made in 2017. The works included a dove, two sharks, and two calves preserved in formaldehyde. Science Ltd. responded that the dates represented when the works were conceived, not made.
In May 2024, The Guardian revealed that at least 1,000 dot paintings on A4 paper from 'The Currency' project, claimed to be made in 2016 and inscribed with that year, were actually created years later. Lawyers for Hirst and Science Ltd. acknowledged this but stated it was Hirst's "usual practice" to date works from a conceptual art project with the date of the project's conception.
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