History of Gustavo Petro in Timeline

By Popular Timelines Editorial Team · Updated: July 16, 2026

Gustavo Petro is a Colombian politician and economist serving as the President of Colombia since 2022, marking the country's first left-wing government in modern history. A former member of the M-19 guerrilla movement, he transitioned into mainstream politics, serving as a senator and the Mayor of Bogotá. Petro’s political platform focuses on progressive reforms, including environmental sustainability, social equality, and the transition away from fossil fuels. He advocates for the implementation of the 2016 peace accords to end long-standing domestic conflicts and seeks to address systemic poverty through tax reform and land redistribution. His presidency represents a significant shift in Colombian politics, characterized by ambitious domestic policies aimed at economic restructuring and climate action, while navigating complex challenges in regional diplomacy and national security.

Sections (4)

Full Timeline Early Life & Education Career & Achievements Controversies & Scandals

April 1960: Birth of Gustavo Petro

In April 1960, Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego was born, marking the beginning of the life of the future Colombian politician and economist.

Others born on this day/year

1970: Allegations of 1970 Election Fraud

During the 1970 election in Colombia, widespread allegations of fraud occurred, which eventually served as the primary motivation for the formation of the M-19 guerrilla movement.

1974: Formation of the M-19 Movement

In 1974, the 19th of April Movement (M-19) was established in Colombia as a guerrilla organization formed to challenge the National Front coalition.

1981: Election as Ombudsman of Zipaquirá

In 1981, while associated with the M-19 movement, Gustavo Petro was elected to serve as the ombudsman of the municipality of Zipaquirá.

1982: Graduation from Universidad Externado de Colombia

In 1982, Gustavo Petro successfully completed his undergraduate studies and earned a bachelor's degree in economics from the Universidad Externado de Colombia.

1984: Beginning of Councilman Tenure

Starting in 1984, Gustavo Petro began his service as a councilman, a position he held as part of his early political career during the 1980s.

1985: Arrest for M-19 affiliation

In 1985, Gustavo Petro was arrested by the Colombian army due to his involvement with the M-19 guerrilla group, a year marked by the violent attack on the Palace of Justice.

1985: Arrest and Imprisonment of Gustavo Petro

In 1985, Gustavo Petro was arrested by the Colombian army on charges of illegal arms possession. Following his arrest, he endured ten days of torture within the XIII Brigade stables and was subsequently sentenced to an 18-month prison term, an experience that led him to renounce armed resistance as a political strategy.

1985: Palace of Justice Siege and M-19 Activities

In 1985, the M-19 group, with which Petro was affiliated, carried out the assassination of 13 Colombian politicians during the Palace of Justice siege. During this period, the group was also involved in acts of violence and kidnappings, while Petro simultaneously led efforts to seize land to house displaced families, contributing to the development of the Bolívar 83 neighborhood.

1986: Conclusion of Councilman Tenure

Gustavo Petro concluded his tenure as a councilman in 1986, marking the end of that specific political role he held since 1984.

1987: M-19 Peace Negotiations

During 1987, the M-19 guerrilla movement, of which Gustavo Petro was a member, entered into formal peace negotiations with the Colombian government to resolve the ongoing internal conflict.

1991: Election to the Chamber of Representatives

Following the peace process between the government and M-19, Petro was elected to the Chamber of Representatives during the 1991 parliamentary election.

1991: Formation of the M-19 Democratic Alliance

In 1991, following the demobilization of the M-19 movement, Gustavo Petro and other former members established the M-19 Democratic Alliance, which successfully secured multiple seats in the Chamber of Representatives for the department of Cundinamarca.

February 1992: Venezuelan coup attempt

In February 1992, Lieutenant Colonel Hugo Chávez led a coup attempt in Venezuela, an event that resulted in his imprisonment before his eventual release.

July 1994: Meeting with Hugo Chávez

In July 1994, Gustavo Petro met with Hugo Chávez, who had recently been released from prison, during a conference focused on Bolivarian thought held at the Simón Rodríguez Cultural Foundation in Bogotá.

1997: Antioquia CONVIVIR Liability Elimination

During 1997, Álvaro Uribe, serving as the governor of Antioquia, took action to eliminate the legal liability for eight specific CONVIVIR groups, an event noted by the Superintendency in their 2007 report to counter accusations made by Gustavo Petro.

2002: Allegations of Paramilitary Funding

In 2002, Gustavo Petro alleged that the paramilitary group United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) provided financial support to the presidential campaign of Álvaro Uribe.

2002: Election to the Chamber of Representatives

In 2002, Gustavo Petro was elected as a member of the Chamber of Representatives for Bogotá, representing the Vía Alterna political movement which he co-founded alongside Antonio Navarro Wolff and other former M-19 members.

2005: Formation of the Alternative Democratic Pole

In 2005, Gustavo Petro played a key role in unifying leftist political forces by merging the Independent Democratic Pole and the Alternativa Democrática to establish the Alternative Democratic Pole.

2005: Denunciation of Enilse López

In 2005, while serving in the Chamber of Representatives, Gustavo Petro publicly denounced Enilse López, a lottery businesswoman known as 'La Gata', for her alleged criminal associations.

2006: Admission of Financial Support

During his 2006 presidential reelection campaign, Álvaro Uribe admitted to receiving financial contributions from Enilse López, despite previously refuting Petro's earlier allegations.

2006: Election to the Senate and Parapolitics Scandal Exposure

In 2006, Gustavo Petro achieved a significant political milestone by being elected to the Colombian Senate, securing the second-highest voter turnout in the nation. During the same year, he gained prominence for exposing the parapolitics scandal, where he presented evidence and accused government members and supporters of colluding with paramilitary groups to gain influence in Colombia.

2006: Nomination for Best Congressman

In 2006, Petro received 25 out of 125 votes from consulted representatives to be recognized as the "Best Congressman," narrowly surpassing the 24 votes cast by those who felt no representative was worthy of the title due to legislative absenteeism and a lack of sessions.

2006: Election to the Colombian Senate

In the 2006 election, Petro successfully secured a seat in the Colombian Senate representing the Alternative Democratic Pole (PDA) party.

February 2007: Confrontation over the Parapolitics Scandal

In February 2007, Gustavo Petro engaged in a public dispute with President Álvaro Uribe regarding the demobilization of paramilitaries in Colombia. Petro challenged Uribe's neutrality and raised allegations concerning the president's brother, Santiago Uribe, and his historical ties to the Twelve Apostles paramilitary group. In response, President Uribe publicly labeled Petro a "terrorist in civilian clothing" and invited the political opposition to an open debate to address the accusations.

April 2007: Superintendency Rejection of Petro's Accusations

In April 2007, the Vigilance and Security Superintendency issued a formal communique refuting Gustavo Petro’s claims regarding the CONVIVIR groups. The agency clarified that while some groups were state-authorized in Sucre and Córdoba, they lacked such authorization in Antioquia, and specifically addressed historical paramilitary associations.

April 2007: Exposé on Paramilitarism and CONVIVIR

On 17 April 2007, Gustavo Petro delivered a significant two-hour congressional speech exposing deep-rooted ties between Colombian military figures, political leaders, drug traffickers, and paramilitary organizations. During this presentation, he challenged the actions of former Antioquia Governor Álvaro Uribe during the CONVIVIR era and provided photographic evidence linking Uribe's brother, Santiago, to drug trafficker Fabio Ochoa Vázquez.

May 2007: Espionage operation against Gustavo Petro

On May 7, 2007, the Colombian army apprehended two intelligence non-commissioned officers who were caught spying on Gustavo Petro and his family in Tenjo, Cundinamarca. The individuals initially identified themselves as agents of the Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad (DAS), though the agency's director, Andrés Peñate, later refuted this claim.

May 2009: Imprisonment of Enilse López

As of May 2009, Enilse López was officially imprisoned and under investigation due to her connections to the paramilitary group known as the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC).

2009: Resignation from the Senate

In 2009, Gustavo Petro chose to resign from his Senate position to focus on his campaign for the upcoming 2010 Colombian presidential election.

2010: 2010 Colombian presidential election

During the 2010 Colombian presidential election, Petro competed as a candidate and finished in fourth place during the first round of voting.

2011: Election as Mayor of Bogotá

After founding the Humane Colombia party due to ideological differences with the PDA, Petro was elected mayor of Bogotá in 2011.

April 2016: Investigation into Petro's academic credentials

In April 2016, an investigation published by El Espectador revealed that Gustavo Petro had listed academic degrees on his résumé—specifically a specialization in Public Administration, a master’s in Economics, and a PhD in New Trends in Business Management—which he had not officially earned. Petro responded by clarifying that while he had completed the coursework for these programs, he failed to fulfill the final requirements such as theses or specific research components, leading to an controversy regarding the accuracy of his academic background.

2018: 2018 Colombian presidential campaign

In the 2018 presidential election, Petro reached the second round of voting but ultimately lost the presidency after securing 41.77% of the total vote.

2022: Inauguration as President of Colombia

In 2022, Gustavo Petro assumed office as the president of Colombia, becoming the first left-wing president in the nation's recent history.

January 2025: Diplomatic Dispute with the United States

In January 2025, following the start of Donald Trump's second term, a diplomatic dispute emerged between Colombia and the United States regarding deportation flights.

October 2025: U.S. Treasury Sanctions against Petro Administration

In October 2025, the U.S. Treasury added Gustavo Petro, his family members, and his interior minister to the Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) list, citing allegations of their involvement in the global illicit drug trade.

August 7, 2026: Presidential Transition of Colombia

On August 7, 2026, Abelardo de la Espriella is scheduled to officially succeed Gustavo Petro as the President of Colombia following the 2026 election. This transition follows Petro's formal acknowledgment of the election results and the commencement of the official handover process.