Huawei is a Chinese multinational technology corporation headquartered in Shenzhen. Founded in 1987 by Ren Zhengfei, a former PLA officer, Huawei's core businesses encompass telecommunications equipment, consumer electronics, autonomous driving systems for electric vehicles, and rooftop solar power products. The company has grown to become a global leader in several technological sectors, while also facing scrutiny and controversy due to its connections with the Chinese government.
In 1987, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. was founded in Shenzhen by Ren Zhengfei, a former officer of the People's Liberation Army (PLA).
In 1987, Huawei was established as a collectively-owned enterprise, reflecting an intermediary corporate ownership status between state-owned enterprises and private businesses in China.
By 1990, Huawei had approximately 600 employees in research and development (R&D) and began its own independent commercialization of PBX switches targeting hotels and small enterprises.
In 1992, Huawei focused on low-income and difficult-to-access market niches to grow despite difficult competition from Alcatel, Lucent, and Nortel Networks.
In 1992, the Chinese government began issuing licenses for private businesses, a development that influenced the context of Huawei's ownership structure and evolution.
In 1993, Huawei launched its C&C08 program-controlled telephone switch, which was the most powerful switch available in China at the time.
In 1994, Huawei won a key contract to build the first national telecommunications network for the People's Liberation Army. Also in 1994, Ren Zhengfei met with Jiang Zemin, who agreed with Ren's assessment that switching equipment technology was related to national security.
In 1996, Huawei began with a manufacturing resource planning (MRP) solution. This was later upgraded to a legacy ERP system from third-party American suppliers, followed by further improvements for internal management.
In 1996, the government in Beijing adopted an explicit policy of supporting domestic telecommunications manufacturers and restricting access to foreign competitors. Huawei was promoted by both the government and the military as a national champion.
In 1997, Huawei won a contract to provide fixed-line network products to Hong Kong company Hutchison Whampoa. Later that year, Huawei launched wireless GSM-based products.
In 1997, Shenzen's Provisions on State-owned Company Employee Stock Option Plans was the only mechanism for concentrating employee ownership under Shenzen.
Beginning in the late 1990s, and with its first entrance in 1998, Huawei built communications networks throughout sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East, becoming the most important Chinese telecommunications company operating in these regions.
By 1998, Huawei had signed agreements with municipal and provincial telephone bureaus to create joint ventures such as Shanghai Huawei, Chengdu Huawei, Shenyang Huawei, Anhui Huawei, and Sichuan Huawei. These joint ventures were actually shell companies used to funnel money to local telecommunications employees to secure equipment deals.
Since their commencement of operations in Kenya in 1998, Huawei has been a major player in African technology markets and investment.
In 1999, Huawei opened a research and development (R&D) centre in Bengaluru, India to develop a wide range of telecom software.
In 2000, 3Com abandoned the high-end core routers and switch market to focus on other businesses, before partnering with Huawei.
In February 2003, Cisco Systems sued Huawei Technologies for allegedly infringing on its patents and illegally copying source code used in its routers and switches.
In May 2003, Huawei partnered with 3Com on a joint venture known as H3C, which was focused on enterprise networking equipment.
In July 2003, Huawei established their handset department, marking their initial entry into the mobile phone market.
By July 2004, Huawei removed the contested code, manuals, and command-line interfaces and the case was subsequently settled out of court. As part of the settlement, Huawei admitted that it had copied some of Cisco's router software after Cisco sued Huawei in February 2003.
At the 2004 Supercomm tech conference in Chicago, a Huawei employee allegedly opened up the networking equipment of other companies to photograph the circuit boards.
From 2004, China Development Bank provided a credit line totaling US$30 billion to Huawei customers.
In 2004, Huawei shipped their first phone, the C300, marking its entry into the mobile phone market.
In 2004, Huawei signed a $10 billion credit line with China Development Bank to provide low-cost financing to customers buying its telecommunications equipment to support its sales outside of China.
In 2004, Nortel was compromised by Chinese hackers, and former chief security officer Brian Shields believes that Huawei was a beneficiary of the hack, even though Huawei was not directly involved.
In June 2005, Huawei released the U626, Huawei's first 3G phone, marking a step forward in mobile technology.
In 2005, Huawei's foreign contract orders exceeded its domestic sales for the first time. Huawei also signed a global framework agreement with Vodafone, marking the first time a telecommunications equipment supplier from China had received Approved Supplier status from Vodafone Global Supply Chain.
In 2006, 3Com bought out Huawei's share of the H3C joint venture for US$882 million.
In 2006, Huawei launched the first Vodafone-branded 3G handset, the V710, demonstrating its collaboration with major telecom providers.
In 2007, Huawei began a joint venture with US security software vendor Symantec Corporation, known as Huawei Symantec, which aimed to provide end-to-end solutions for network data storage and security.
In May 2008, Australian carrier Optus announced that it would establish a technology research facility with Huawei in Sydney.
In October 2008, Huawei reached an agreement to contribute to a new GSM-based HSPA+ network being deployed jointly by Canadian carriers Bell Mobility and Telus Mobility, joined by Nokia Siemens Networks.
China Development Bank provided a credit line totaling US$30 billion between 2004 and 2009 to Huawei customers.
In 2009, Huawei Marine Networks delivered the HANNIBAL submarine communications cable system for Tunisie Telecom across the Mediterranean Sea to Italy, showcasing its capabilities in marine network solutions.
In 2009, Huawei delivered one of the world's first LTE/EPC commercial networks for TeliaSonera in Oslo, Norway. Norway-based telecommunications Telenor instead selected Ericsson due to security concerns with Huawei.
In 2009, Huawei unveiled the U8220, Huawei's first Android smartphone, at MWC, signaling its adoption of the Android operating system.
In 2009, Huawei's credit line with China Development Bank was tripled to $30 billion.
In 2009, United States officials disclosed to the United Kingdom and Germany that Huawei had the ability to covertly exploit backdoors intended for law enforcement officials.
In 2009, the National Security Agency (NSA) infiltrated Huawei's computer network to obtain customer lists, internal training documents, and access the company's central email archive. This was reported in 2014.
Since 2009, Huawei allegedly had the ability to covertly exploit backdoors intended for law enforcement officials in carrier equipment, according to US government officials in February 2020.
In July 2010, Huawei was included in the Global Fortune 500 2010 list published by the US magazine Fortune for the first time, on the strength of annual sales of US$21.8 billion and net profit of US$2.67 billion.
As of the beginning of 2010, approximately 80% of the world's top 50 telecoms companies had worked with Huawei, indicating its widespread presence in the industry.
In 2010, Huawei disclosed its list of board of directors for the first time, providing more transparency into its corporate governance structure.
In 2010, the European Commission launched an investigation into China's subsidies that distorted global markets, and Huawei offered the initial complainant US$56 million to withdraw the complaint to shut down the investigation.
In 2010, the Huawei Cyber Security Evaluation Centre (HCSEC) was set up to assuage security fears as it examined Huawei hardware and software for the UK market.
In 2011, Huawei entered the photovoltaic (PV) market and opened an Energy Center of Competence in Nuremberg, Germany.
In 2011, UK telecom Vodafone disclosed that its Italian fixed line network contained a security vulnerability in its Huawei-installed software.
In 2011, a report by the Open Source Enterprise highlighted "suspicions over potential close links between Huawei and the Chinese Government," citing former chairwoman Sun Yafang's previous employment by the Ministry of State Security (MSS)'s Communications Department.
In January 2012, Australian intelligence detected a backdoor in the country's telecom network, reportedly caused by a malicious software update from Huawei that transmitted data to China.
In September 2012, Huawei launched their first 4G ready phone, the Ascend P1 LTE, marking its entry into the 4G market.
In October 2012, it was announced that Huawei would move its UK headquarters to Green Park, Reading, Berkshire.
In 2012, Australian and US intelligence agencies concluded that a hack on Australia's telecom networks was conducted by or through Huawei, although the two network operators have disputed that information.
In 2012, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. was the world's largest telecom equipment maker and China's largest telephone-network equipment maker.
In 2012, Huawei bought out Symantec's share in the Huawei Symantec venture. The New York Times noted that Symantec had fears that the partnership "would prevent it from obtaining United States government classified information about cyber threats".
In 2012, Huawei surpassed Ericsson to become the world's largest telecommunications equipment manufacturer.
In 2012, a White House-ordered security review found no evidence that Huawei spied for China but identified security vulnerabilities on its products as a greater threat.
In June 2013, Huawei launched the Ascend P6, a slim and stylish smartphone.
In December 2013, Huawei introduced Honor as a subsidiary independent brand in China, targeting a younger demographic with competitively priced smartphones.
In 2013, Taiwan blocked mobile network operators and government departments from using Huawei equipment.
In May 2014, Huawei launched the Ascend P7, a stylish and advanced smartphone.
In 2014, China introduced the Counter-Espionage Law, which is vaguely defined and far-reaching, compelling Chinese businesses to work with Chinese intelligence and security agencies whenever requested.
In 2014, China's Counter Espionage Law was enacted, which experts say can compel Huawei and other companies to cooperate with state intelligence.
In 2014, Der Spiegel and The New York Times reported that, according to global surveillance disclosures, the National Security Agency (NSA) infiltrated Huawei's computer network in 2009.
In 2014, the National Security Agency penetrated Huawei's corporate networks in China to search for links between the company and the People's Liberation Army, monitoring accounts of Huawei employees and founder Ren Zhengfei.
With 3,442 patents, Huawei became the world's No. 1 applicant for international patents in 2014.
In January 2015, Huawei discontinued the "Ascend" brand for its flagship phones and launched the new P series with the Huawei P8, marking a shift in its branding strategy.
In September 2015, Huawei partnered with Google to build the Nexus 6P, showcasing its collaboration with a major US tech company and its capabilities in producing high-end smartphones.
On September 2, 2015, Huawei released its first smartwatch, the Android Wear-based Huawei Watch, at Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin.
In 2015, Huawei Culture Club was listed as an official sponsor for Ultra Music Festival, one of the largest electronic festivals in Africa.
In September 2016, Huawei integrated new manufacturing capabilities into its Eindhoven hub in the Netherlands, enabling the production of 7,000 inverter units per month.
Huawei has also expanded its operations in Ireland since 2016. As well as a headquarters in Dublin, it has facilities in Cork and County Westmeath.
In 2016, German camera company Leica established a partnership with Huawei to co-engineer Leica cameras into Huawei smartphones, including the P and Mate Series.
In 2016, Huawei entered the laptop markets with the release of its Huawei MateBook series of laptops, expanding its product portfolio.
From January 2012 to January 2017, data transfers on servers inside the African Union headquarters, whose computer systems were supplied by Huawei, peaked after hours, with the AU's internal data sent to unknown servers hosted in Shanghai.
In April 2017, Huawei entered the residential solar market with the launch of its string solar inverters and DC power optimizers, and later also solar batteries.
In September 2017, Huawei created a Narrowband IoT city-aware network using a "one network, one platform, N applications" construction model utilizing Internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, and other next-generation information and communications technology.
In 2017, Article 7 of the PRC national intelligence-gathering activities law explicitly stipulated that "All Chinese citizens and organisations are obliged to cooperate upon request with PRC intelligence operations—and also maintain the secrecy of such operations"
In 2017, China's National Intelligence Law was enacted, which experts say can compel Huawei and other companies to cooperate with state intelligence.
In 2017, Huawei launched RuralStar to provide rural areas with access to technology and network connectivity.
In 2017, a jury found that Huawei had misappropriated trade secrets of T-Mobile US but awarded damages only for a breach of supplier contract and did not compensate T-Mobile for claims of espionage.
In 2017, under Xi Jinping's leadership, China's National People's Congress introduced a new national intelligence law.
In January 2018, the United States alleged that Huawei violated its sanctions against Iran, which subsequently led to restrictions on Huawei's ability to do business with American companies. The US government also requested the extradition of Huawei's chief financial officer from Canada.
In May 2018, Huawei stated that they will no longer allow unlocking the bootloader of their phones, restricting users from installing third-party system software or security updates.
In August 2018, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (NDAA 2019) was signed into law, containing a provision that banned Huawei and ZTE equipment from being used by the US federal government, citing security concerns.
As of August 2018, Huawei was the second-biggest smartphone maker in the world, after Samsung. Huawei's smartphone portfolio includes the high-end Huawei Mate series and the Huawei Pura series, and the Honor brand.
In October 2018, Huawei and HENGTONG Group announced the start of production for the Pakistan and East Africa Connecting Europe (PEACE) cable project.
In November 2018, New Zealand blocked Huawei from supplying mobile equipment to Spark New Zealand's 5G network due to significant network security risks and concerns about China's National Intelligence Law.
On December 1, 2018, Meng Wanzhou, Huawei's board deputy chairperson and daughter of the founder, was detained at Vancouver International Airport by Canadian authorities on a U.S. extradition request for fraud and conspiracy to commit fraud in order to circumvent U.S. sanctions against Iran.
Between December 2018 and January 2019, German and British intelligence agencies initially pushed back against the US' allegations, stating that after examining Huawei's 5G hardware and accompanying source code, they have found no evidence of malevolence and that a ban would therefore be unwarranted.
After the US sanctions regime started in summer 2018, Huawei began working on its own in-house operating system codenamed "HongMeng OS".
By 2018, Huawei had achieved sales of 200 million smartphones, marking a significant milestone in its growth.
Huawei began massively stockpiling chips and components from suppliers like Xilinx, Intel, AMD, Samsung, SK Hynix, Micron and Kioxia from 2018, coinciding with the arrest of Meng Wanzhou in Canada.
In 2018, Huawei Marine completed the South Atlantic Interlink (SAIL) Cable System, which runs from Kribi, Cameroon to Fortaleza, Brazil, as well as building the Kumul Domestic Fiber Cable from Indonesia to Papua New Guinea, highlighting its role in global infrastructure projects.
In 2018, Huawei Music reported 32 million active daily users in China and initiated expansion into Africa, focusing on South Africa. The South African release featured a library that was primarily South African music, with plans to include international music later.
In 2018, Huawei was indicted in the U.S. and charged with using racketeering to grow its business, stealing trade secrets from U.S. companies, and committing bank fraud related to Iran. In June 2025, a judge denied Huawei's request to dismiss most of the indictment.
In 2018, Japan banned Huawei from receiving government contracts.
In 2018, a German court ruled against Huawei and ZTE in favor of MPEG LA, which holds patents related to Advanced Video Coding.
In 2018, the United States passed a defense funding bill that barred the federal government from doing business with Huawei, ZTE, and several Chinese vendors of surveillance products, citing security concerns.
Between December 2018 and January 2019, German and British intelligence agencies initially pushed back against the US' allegations, stating that after examining Huawei's 5G hardware and accompanying source code, they have found no evidence of malevolence and that a ban would therefore be unwarranted.
On January 28, 2019, the United States Department of Justice formally announced financial fraud charges against Meng Wanzhou, who was detained in Canada in December 2018.
In March 2019, Huawei filed a lawsuit over the NDAA 2019, alleging it to be unconstitutional because it specifically targeted Huawei without granting it a chance to provide a rebuttal or due process. The NDAA 2019 banned Huawei and ZTE equipment from being used by the US federal government in August 2018.
In March 2019, Huawei initiated three defamation claims concerning remarks made on television by a French researcher, a broadcast journalist, and a telecommunications sector expert, alleging ties to the Chinese government.
In April 2019, Huawei established the Huawei Malaysia Global Training Centre (MGTC) at Cyberjaya, Malaysia.
In May 2019, The United States Entity List barred American software technology companies from supplying ERP systems to Huawei prompted the company to develop an in-house ERP system.
In May 2019, a Huawei Mediapad M5 belonging to a Canadian IT engineer in Taiwan was found to be sending data to servers in China without authorization.
In May 2019, a partial ban on Huawei was implemented, which did not affect most non-American produced chips. The Trump administration granted a series of extensions on the ban.
On 15 May 2019, the Department of Commerce added Huawei and 70 foreign subsidiaries and "affiliates" to its Entity List under the Export Administration Regulations, restricting US companies from doing business with Huawei without a government license.
In June 2019, Huawei cut jobs at its Santa Clara research center, and in December, Ren said it was moving the center to Canada.
On 29 June 2019, at the G20 summit, the US President made statements implicating plans to ease the restrictions on US companies doing business with Huawei.
In August 2019, Huawei collaborated with eyewear company Gentle Monster to release smartglasses, expanding its product offerings beyond smartphones.
In August 2019, Huawei hired the law firm Sidley Austin to lobby in the US after restrictions were placed by the Trump administration, focusing on export controls, trade, sanctions, and national security-related topics.
On 9 August 2019, Huawei officially unveiled Harmony OS at its inaugural HDC developers' conference in Dongguan, along with the ARK compiler.
In September 2019, Huawei began offering the Linux distribution Deepin as a pre-loaded operating system on selected Matebook models in China.
In November 2019, Huawei initiated defamation lawsuits in France against a researcher, a TV presenter, and a production company due to statements made on a TV show alleging Huawei's control by the Chinese state and the CCP.
In November 2019, Huawei launched the MatePad Pro. Following this launch, subsequent releases of the MatePad tablet line occurred. This contributed to Huawei becoming the number one tablet vendor in the Chinese market and number two globally as of Q4 2019.
In November 2019, Huawei partnered with Devialet and unveiled a new specifically designed speaker, the Sound X, showcasing its diversification into audio products.
In November 2019, the Chinese ambassador to Denmark linked Huawei's 5G expansion with Chinese trade in meetings with Faroese politicians. The ambassador allegedly threatened to drop a trade deal with the Faroe Islands if Føroya Tele did not allow Huawei to build the national 5G network.
In December 2019, Huawei unveiled HMS version 4.0 as its solution to GMS (Google Mobile Services) for Android, offering similar features for app developers.
As of 2019, the members of Huawei's board include Liang Hua, Guo Ping, Xu Zhijun, Hu Houkun, Meng Wanzhou, and others, showcasing the leadership structure of the company.
In 2019, Huawei had the second most patents granted by the European Patent Office.
In 2019, Huawei reported revenue of US$122 billion, reflecting its substantial global business operations.
In 2019, Huawei shifted its position when Dr. Song Liuping referred to Huawei as "a private company" in response to the US government ban, marking a change from its prior classification as a "collective" entity.
In 2019, Huawei spent $23.45 billion on stockpiling chips and other supplies, up 73% from 2018.
In 2019, Ren Zhengfei stated Huawei's firm rejection of espionage and installing backdoors, even if required by Chinese law. Chinese Premier Li Keqiang also denied the Chinese government's involvement in asking companies to spy. Huawei cited Zhong Lun Law Firm's opinion, but Wired cast doubt on the findings.
In 2019, Vietnam left Huawei out of bids to build the country's 5G network due to national security concerns.
In 2019, an analysis of 25,000 Huawei employee CVs revealed that some employees had connections to China's Ministry of State Security, the People's Liberation Army (PLA), and a military unit accused of hacking US corporations, suggesting a structural relationship between Huawei and the Chinese state.
In 2019, leaked documents obtained by The Washington Post raised questions about whether Huawei conducted business secretly with North Korea, which was under numerous US sanctions.
The United States Department of Commerce added Huawei to its entity list in 2019, restricting it from working with American companies in almost all circumstances.
As of January 16, 2020, Huawei reported that 55,000 apps had signed up to use its HMS Core software.
On Monday, January 20, 2020, the first stage of the extradition hearing for Meng Wanzhou began in Canada, following her arrest in December 2018 and financial fraud charges announced in January 2019.
In February 2020, US government officials alleged that Huawei has had the ability to covertly exploit backdoors intended for law enforcement officials in carrier equipment like antennas and routers since 2009.
In February 2020, the United States Department of Justice charged Huawei with racketeering and conspiring to steal trade secrets from six US firms, some allegations going back almost 20 years.
In February 2020, the federal judge dismissed Huawei's lawsuit over the NDAA 2019, concluding that the U.S. Congress acted within its powers by including the restriction in the NDAA 2019. The NDAA 2019 banned Huawei and ZTE equipment from being used by the US federal government in August 2018.
In May 2020, SMIC manufactured 14 nm chips for Huawei, marking the first time Huawei used a foundry other than TSMC.
In May 2020, the US extended the ban on Huawei to cover semiconductors customized for Huawei and made with US technology, following a partial ban in May 2019.
On 15 May 2020, the U.S. Department of Commerce extended its export restrictions to prevent Huawei from producing semiconductors derived from technology or software of US origin, even if the manufacturing is performed overseas.
On May 27, 2020, the Supreme Court of British Columbia ordered the extradition to proceed for Meng Wanzhou, whose extradition hearing began in January 2020.
In June 2020, ANSSI informed French telecommunications companies that they would not be allowed to renew licenses for 5G equipment made from Huawei after 2028.
In June 2020, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) designated Huawei a national security threat, thereby barring it from any US subsidies.
In June 2020, when the UK considered reversing its decision to allow Huawei's participation in 5G, China threatened retaliation in other sectors by withholding investments. A House of Commons defence committee found that "Beijing had exerted pressure through "covert and overt threats" to keep Huawei in the UK's 5G network".
In July 2020, TSMC confirmed it would halt the shipment of silicon wafers to Huawei and its subsidiary HiSilicon by September 14.
In July 2020, the Federal Acquisition Regulation Council published a Federal Register notice prohibiting all federal government contractors from selling Huawei hardware to the federal government and preventing federal contractors from using Huawei hardware.
In mid-July 2020, Andrew Little, the Minister in charge of New Zealand's signals intelligence agency, announced that New Zealand would not join the United Kingdom and United States in banning Huawei from the country's 5G network.
On 14 July 2020, the United Kingdom Government announced a ban on the use of company's 5G network equipment, citing security concerns.
In August 2020, French President Emmanuel Macron assured the Chinese government that France did not ban Huawei products from participating in its fifth-generation mobile roll-out but favored European providers for security reasons.
In August 2020, the US again extended the ban on Huawei to a blanket ban on all semiconductor sales to Huawei, following the previous extension in May 2020.
Before the September 2020 deadline, Huawei stockpiled "5G mobile processors, Wi-Fi, radio frequency and display driver chips and other components" from suppliers like Samsung, SK Hynix, TSMC, MediaTek, Realtek, Novatek, and RichWave.
In September 2020, the blanket ban on all semiconductor sales to Huawei took effect, following the US extension in August 2020. Samsung and LG Display were also banned from supplying displays to Huawei.
The sanctions regime established in September 2020 negatively affected Huawei production, sales and financial projections. The sanctions were imposed on Huawei in relation to US companies doing business with Huawei.
In October 2020, Huawei released its own mapping service, Petal Maps, which was developed in partnership with Dutch navigation device manufacturer TomTom.
On 1 October 2020, an official report released by the National Cyber Security Centre noted that "Huawei has failed to adequately tackle security flaws in equipment used in the UK's telecoms networks despite previous complaints".
On 7 October 2020, the U.K. Parliament's Defence Committee released a report concluding that there was evidence of collusion between Huawei and the Chinese state and the Chinese Communist Party.
In November 2020, Huawei challenged the UK government's decision to ban its 5G equipment, citing an Oxford Economics report that it had contributed £3.3 billion to the UK's GDP.
In November 2020, President Donald Trump issued an executive order prohibiting American companies and individuals from owning shares in companies, including Huawei, that the U.S. Department of Defense identified as having links to the People's Liberation Army.
In November 2020, Telus Mobility dropped Huawei in favor of Samsung, Ericsson, and Nokia for their 5G/Radio Access Network.
By 2020, Huawei had built approximately 70% of Africa's 4G networks.
In 2020, Huawei Music partnered with top artists in Kenya, Nigeria, and Africa, allowing them to publish playlists for listeners to rate on the Huawei Music app. The winning playlist was featured on the app for the rest of the year.
In 2020, Huawei agreed to sell the Honor brand to a state-owned enterprise of the Shenzhen government to "ensure its survival" under US sanctions.
In 2020, Huawei agreed to sell the Honor brand to a state-owned enterprise of the Shenzhen municipal government.
In 2020, Huawei continued to release laptop models in the MateBook series, with the most recent models being the MateBook X Pro and Matebook 13 2020.
In 2020, Huawei launched its browser, which was released in over 170 countries. The Huawei Browser is specifically made for the HMS (Huawei Mobile Services) ecosystem and is a fork of the Chromium project.
In 2021, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)'s annual World Intellectual Property Indicators report, 5464 of Huawei's patent applications being published during 2020.
In late 2020, reports surfaced that Huawei planned to build a semiconductor manufacturing facility in Shanghai without U.S. technology, potentially collaborating with the Shanghai IC R&D Center.
In the second quarter of 2020, Huawei surpassed Samsung to become the world's top smartphone seller for the first time.
Since 2020, Huawei transitioned its watch models from the discontinued LiteOS to the active HarmonyOS operating system.
In January 2021, the Trump administration revoked licenses from U.S. companies like Intel, preventing them from supplying products and technologies to Huawei.
In June 2021, Huawei began shipping its smartphones with HarmonyOS by default in China, while using Android (EMUI version) in Europe.
In June 2021, the Biden administration began persuading the United Arab Emirates to remove Huawei Technologies Co. equipment from its telecommunications network, threatening a $23 billion arms deal if they did not comply.
In June 2021, the FCC unanimously voted to prohibit approvals of Huawei gear in U.S. telecommunication networks due to national security concerns.
In July 2021, Huawei hired Tony Podesta as a consultant and lobbyist to nurture the company's relationship with the Biden administration.
In August 2021, during the extradition courtroom proceedings, Meng's lawyers made several allegations against the prosecution, and the extradition judge questioned the regularity of the case, expressing difficulty in understanding how the Record of Case (ROC) supported the allegation of criminality.
A September 2021 report analyzed the UAE's struggle to balance relations with the United States and China, particularly regarding the use of Chinese technologies like the Huawei 5G telecommunications network, which the US viewed as a security threat.
In September 2021, Huawei released the MateStation S and X, along with subsequent variants. This marked Huawei's entry into the workstation and desktop PC market, offering All-in-one and Thin client PCs.
On September 24, 2021, the Department of Justice announced it had reached a deal with Meng to resolve the case through a deferred prosecution agreement. Meng agreed to a statement of facts but did not have to pay a fine nor plead guilty to her key charges. Meng was released from house arrest and left Canada for China on the same day. Two Canadian citizens were also released from detention in China.
Analysts predicted that Huawei could ship 195 million units of smartphones from its existing stockpile in 2021, but shipments may drop to 50 million if rules are not relaxed.
As of 2022, Huawei saw a significant shipment increase of 83% compared to 2021.
Having previously banned Huawei from participating in its 5G auction, Brazil reversed its position in early 2021 and allowed Huawei to participate.
In 2021, Huawei did not report its ultimate beneficial ownership in Europe, as required by European anti-money laundering laws.
In 2021, Huawei was ranked as the second-largest R&D investor in the world by the EU Joint Research Centre (JRC) and ranked fifth globally in US patents.
In 2021, Wired magazine noted that Honor devices still had not differentiated their software much from Huawei phones and that core apps and certain engineering features, like the Honor-engineered camera features looked "virtually identical" across both phones, despite the sale in 2020.
In 2021, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)'s annual report ranked Huawei's number of patent applications published under the PCT System as 1st in the world, with 5464 patent applications being published during 2020.
In the third quarter of 2021, Huawei's revenues dropped by 32% due to heavy international sanctions.
As of May 2022, Huawei's partnership with Leica had ended, concluding their collaboration on smartphone camera technology.
In May 2022, Canada's government banned Huawei and ZTE equipment from the country's 5G network, giving network operators until June 2024 to remove already installed equipment.
In May 2022, Canada's industry minister announced that Canada will ban Huawei and ZTE from the country's 5G network to protect the safety, security and infrastructure of Canadians.
In October 2022, the UK extended the deadline by a year, to the end of 2023, for removing core Huawei equipment from network functions.
In November 2022, the FCC issued a ban on Huawei for national security reasons, citing the national security risk posed by the technology owned by China, after President Joe Biden signed the Secure Equipment Act of 2021 into law.
In November 2022, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) banned sales or import of equipment made by Huawei out of national security concerns, and other countries such as all members of the Five Eyes, Quad members India and Japan, and ten European Union states have since also banned or restricted Huawei products.
On December 2, 2022, the presiding judge dismissed the charges against Meng following the United States government's request, as part of the agreement reached in September 2021.
In December 2022, the Department of Justice said it would move to dismiss all charges against Meng when the deferral period ends on December 21, 2022, on the condition that Meng is not charged with a crime before then, as part of the agreement reached in September 2021.
In December 2022, the Pakistan and East Africa Connecting Europe (PEACE) cable project went live with a design capacity of 16Tbit/s per fiber pair.
As of 2022, Huawei is the largest producer of solar inverters in the world with a 29% market share, which saw a significant shipment increase of 83% compared to 2021.
By the end of the third quarter in 2022, Huawei's revenue had dropped a further 19.7% since the beginning of the year, continuing a trend of decline.
In 2022, Yale University economist Stephen Roach stated there was no hard evidence to support the allegations of Huawei having a backdoor for industrial espionage other than one arguable instance.
In 2022, the charges against Huawei's CFO, Meng Wanzhou, were dropped. Meng was previously charged in the 2018 case and detained in Canada for nearly three years before the charges against her were dropped in 2022.
In 2022, the corruption investigation in Brussels, Belgium, involving allegations of bribery targeting the European Parliament has drawn comparisons to the 2022 Qatargate scandal and has renewed concerns about lobbying practices within the EU.
TechInsights had stated in 2022 that it believed SMIC had managed to produce 7 nm chips by adapting simpler machines, even though faced by a harsh sanctions regime.
In February 2023, Huawei joined the UNESCO Global Alliance for Literacy (GAL) as an associate member.
On April 24, 2023, Huawei launched MetaERP, a proprietary enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution, developed in-house after being prompted by restrictions from the United States Entity List.
In August 2023, the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) alleged that Huawei was building a network of secret semiconductor-fabrication facilities across China to circumvent U.S. sanctions, receiving an estimated $30 billion in state funding.
Per an August 2023 decree on 5G network development, Costa Rica barred firms from all countries that have not signed the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, affecting Chinese firms like Huawei.
On 6 September 2023, Huawei launched its new Mate 60 smartphone, powered by the Kirin 9000s chip made in China by SMIC using new 7nm technology, signaling an advance in China's chip-making industry despite US sanctions.
On September 25, 2023, Huawei announced their latest watch, the Huawei Watch Ultimate Design. It was subsequently released worldwide on October 4, 2023.
On October 4, 2023, the Huawei Watch Ultimate Design was released worldwide, following its announcement on September 25, 2023.
After its launch in 2023, MetaERP underwent its first large-scale switching on May 14 midnight, across multiple regions. It now handles 100% of Huawei's internal business and the majority of its business operations. MetaERP uses its Linux-based EulerOS server operating system and GaussDB relational database management system.
As of 2023, Huawei is the leading 5G equipment manufacturer, possessing the greatest market share and having built approximately 70% of worldwide 5G base stations.
As of 2023, telecoms-network equipment remains Huawei's core area of business, constituting half of its revenues for the year, underscoring its continued dominance in this sector.
By mid-2023, HarmonyOS had risen from no market share to 10 percent of the Chinese smartphone market within two years, at the expense of Android.
In 2023, Huawei established the Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA), an automotive alliance and sales network. Members include AITO (Seres Group), Luxeed (Chery), Stelato (BAIC BluePark), Maextro (JAC Group) and SAIC (SAIC Motor).
In 2023, the Chinese government officially acknowledged that the NSA's hacking of Huawei's computer network had occurred. The infiltration occurred in 2009 and was reported in 2014.
The Madrid Yearly Review ranked Huawei's number of marks applications filed under the Madrid System as 9th in the world, with 78 trademarks applications submitted during 2023.
In January 2024, Bloomberg News reported that Huawei ended its in-house lobbying operations in Washington, D.C.
In January 2024, Netgear filed a lawsuit against Huawei in a California federal court, claiming the company broke United States antitrust law by withholding patent licenses, in addition to allegations of fraud and racketeering.
As of April 2024, Huawei is building or supporting the construction of five semiconductor fabs, demonstrating its investment in and commitment to expanding its semiconductor manufacturing capabilities.
In May 2024, the U.S. Department of Commerce revoked some export licenses that allowed Intel and Qualcomm to supply Huawei with semiconductors.
By June 28, 2024, Canadian Telcos must remove all ZTE- and Huawei-branded 5G equipment from their networks, following Canada's May 2022 ban.
On June 21, 2024, Huawei announced that HarmonyOS is now installed on over 900 million devices and has become the second most popular mobile OS in China, marking a significant recovery and expansion.
In July 2024, Huawei opened its biggest R&D center to date near Shanghai, accommodating nearly 35,000 members of its personnel.
In July 2024, the German government announced a deal with telecommunication companies in the country to remove Chinese 5G equipment, including from Huawei, by 2029.
In November 2024, Huawei announced plans to begin mass-producing advanced artificial intelligence chips, named Ascend 910C, within the first quarter of 2025.
As of 2024, more than half of Huawei's employees are involved in research. In the same year, Huawei spent $22.1 billion on R&D, around 22.4% of its net sales, being one of the six companies in the world to spend more than $20 billion on R&D spending. Huawei has prioritized technological innovation as a means of vertically integrating its supply chain.
For the eighth consecutive year, in 2024, Huawei remained the top patent applicant for patents filled under the PCT, with 6600 published applications, demonstrating its continued innovation despite revenue declines.
In 2024, at the LEAP Summit in Shanghai, Huawei announced a new goal of an additional 150,000 individuals at the LEAP Summit 2024 in Shanghai to be equipped with digital skills.
In a 2024 literature review, academics Richard Heeks et al. write that U.S. warnings about Huawei have been largely ignored by the global south countries.
Starting in 2024, some of Huawei's solar products are sold under the "iStore" brand in Australia.
In March 2025, Huawei became the focus of a corruption investigation in Brussels, Belgium, involving allegations of bribery targeting the European Parliament. The alleged bribery was intended to benefit Huawei.
In March 2025, Huawei lobbyists were banned from accessing the European Parliament following the arrests of several Huawei staff accused of bribery, forgery, and money laundering.
In March 2025, the FCC opened an investigation into Huawei and other Chinese companies regarding operations in the U.S. in violation of restrictions.
In April 2025, the European Commission announced that it "shall not meet with any lobby groups and/or trade associations that represent Huawei's interests and/or speak on its behalf" in response to the ongoing investigation.
In May 2025, following corruption allegations from March 2025, Parliament suspended Huawei's lobbyists access to premises in Strasbourg, Luxembourg and Brussels, while the European Commission halted any meetings with groups representing Huawei. Lobby organization SolarPower Europe removed Huawei as a member, but then reinstated Huawei as a "passive member".
In June 2025, Taiwan added Huawei to its export control list.
In June 2025, U.S. District Judge Ann Donnelly in New York denied Huawei's request to dismiss most of a 2018 federal indictment in U.S. v. Huawei Technologies Co et al. The case charges Huawei with using racketeering to grow its business, stealing trade secrets from U.S. companies, and committing bank fraud related to Iran.
On November 25, 2025, the latest stable version of HarmonyOS, HarmonyOS 6, was released.
By December 2025, Huawei's advanced driver-assist system expanded to mass-market vehicles in China.
As of 2025, Huawei is the largest smartphone vendor in China with an 18.1% market share.
Huawei plans to start mass-producing advanced artificial intelligence chips within the first quarter of 2025. These chips, named Ascend 910C, are being manufactured by SMIC using its N+2 process.
In 2025, the European Commission was reported to be exploring ways to phase Huawei products out of their member states' telecommunication networks. Ten out of the 27 European Union member states have regulatory frameworks curbing Huawei products.
In October 2020, The British Defence Select Committee supported accelerated purging of Huawei equipment from Britain's telecom infrastructure by 2025.
In May 2026, the European Commission recommended that all EU member states exclude Huawei and ZTE equipment from their telecom infrastructure.
The UK's ban on Huawei, originally announced in 2020, calls for the phasing out of all Huawei gear from UK's 5G network by the end of 2027, which remains unchanged.
In 2028, French telecommunications companies will not be allowed to renew licenses for 5G equipment made from Huawei, according to ANSSI's decision in June 2020.
By 2029, Germany will remove Chinese 5G equipment, including from Huawei, as per a deal with telecommunication companies announced in July 2024.
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