Joshua David Shapiro is an American politician and lawyer who has served as the 48th governor of Pennsylvania since 2023. As a member of the Democratic Party, he previously held the position of Pennsylvania's Attorney General from 2017 to 2023. Before becoming Attorney General, Shapiro served on the Montgomery County Board of Commissioners from 2012 to 2017. He is a prominent figure in Pennsylvania politics.
On June 20, 1973, Joshua David Shapiro was born. He would later become an American politician and lawyer, and the 48th governor of Pennsylvania.
In 1992, Shapiro became the first freshman ever elected student body president of the University of Rochester.
In 1993, Shapiro published an op-ed titled "Peace not Possible" in the Campus Times student newspaper, expressing skepticism about peace in the Middle East. He stated that Palestinians will not coexist peacefully and lack the ability to establish a successful homeland. He also believed then-Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat was in danger of being assassinated.
In 1995, Shapiro graduated magna cum laude from the University of Rochester with a degree in political science.
In April 1996, Shapiro began working in the Israeli embassy's public diplomacy department for six months, where he educated the public about Israel.
In September 1996, Shapiro began working for U.S. Representative Peter Deutsch.
In 1997, Shapiro proposed to his wife, Lori, in Jerusalem. They later married on May 25, 1997.
In 1999, Shapiro began working as chief of staff to U.S. representative Joe Hoeffel.
In 2002, Shapiro earned his Juris Doctor degree from Georgetown University Law Center, attending as an evening student while working on Capitol Hill.
In 2003, Shapiro's term as chief of staff to U.S. representative Joe Hoeffel ended.
In 2004, Shapiro was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 153rd district, defeating former Congressman Jon D. Fox.
In 2005, Shapiro began representing the 153rd district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, a position he held until 2012.
From 2006, Shapiro practiced corporate law at the firm Stradley, Ronon, Stevens, and Young in Philadelphia.
In 2006, Shapiro helped broker a deal that resulted in the election of moderate Republican Dennis O'Brien as Speaker of the House, following Democrats gaining control of the Pennsylvania State House.
In 2006, Shapiro was re-elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
In 2007, Shapiro introduced a bill into the House to divest state funds from Iran. The bill made a moral argument against investing in countries with a history of terror or genocide.
In 2008, Shapiro was one of the first public backers of then-Senator Barack Obama's candidacy for president.
In 2008, Shapiro was re-elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
In 2008, following revelations that Democratic House minority leader Bill DeWeese was involved in a corruption scandal, Shapiro called for him to step down.
In 2009, Shapiro introduced a bill into the House to divest state funds from Sudan. The bill made a moral argument against investing in countries with a history of terror or genocide.
On several occasions, Shapiro has proposed raising Pennsylvania's minimum wage from $7.25 per hour to $15. Shapiro had hinted he would have signed the bill into law if it had passed both chambers of the General Assembly, as Pennsylvania had not raised the minimum wage since 2009.
In 2010, Shapiro was re-elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
In 2010, Shapiro, U.S. senator Bob Casey, and state representative Dan Frankel pushed for national legislation to allow states' pension funds to divest from business engaging with Iran.
In 2011, Shapiro was elected to the Montgomery County Board of Commissioners, marking the first time Republicans lost control of the county.
In 2012, Shapiro began chairing the Montgomery County Board of Commissioners.
In 2012, Shapiro's term in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives ended.
During Shapiro's first two years in office, Pennsylvania's credit rating increased three times, and its score is the state's highest since 2013.
In April 2015, Governor Tom Wolf appointed Shapiro as the chair of the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency.
In 2015, Governor Tom Wolf appointed Shapiro as chairman of the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency.
In 2015, Shapiro and his running mate, Val Arkoosh, both won election and Democrats retained a majority on the board of commissioners.
In January 2016, Shapiro announced his candidacy for Pennsylvania Attorney General, campaigning on restoring the office's integrity and combating the opioid epidemic and gun violence.
In April 2016, Shapiro won the Democratic primary for Attorney General, defeating Stephen Zappala and John Morganelli with 47 percent of the vote.
In November 2016, Shapiro narrowly defeated the Republican nominee, state senator John Rafferty Jr., with 51.3 percent of the vote, becoming the Pennsylvania Attorney General.
In 2016, Maura Kathio was previously charged in a major bath salts case. She was later arrested as part of "Operation Outfoxed" announced in 2017.
In 2016, Shapiro inherited the Pennsylvania attorney general's office investigation of allegations of sexual abuse by members of the Catholic Church.
In 2016, Shapiro voted for an 11% tax increase as a member of the Montgomery County Board of Commissioners, resulting in an average increase of $66 in property taxes.
In 2016, Shapiro was elected Pennsylvania Attorney General, defeating Republican John Rafferty Jr.
In 2016, Shapiro's term chairing the Montgomery County Board of Commissioners ended.
When Shapiro ran for Attorney General in 2016, he stated that the death penalty should be reserved for the most heinous of crimes. His position later evolved after being elected and observing the system more closely.
In 2017, Shapiro became the Attorney General of Pennsylvania, a position he held until 2023.
In 2017, Shapiro stopped practicing corporate law at the firm Stradley, Ronon, Stevens, and Young in Philadelphia.
In 2017, Shapiro's term on the Montgomery County Board of Commissioners ended.
In 2017, Shapiro, as Attorney General, announced the roundup of a "Million Dollar Heroin Ring" under "Operation Outfoxed" in Luzerne County.
In January 2018, the case of the death of Tim Piazza, a Penn State student who was hazed, was referred to Shapiro by Centre County district attorney Bernard Cantorna due to a conflict of interest.
In August 2018, Krasner referred the case of a Philadelphia police officer's fatal shooting of Jeffrey Dennis to Shapiro due to a conflict of interest. Shapiro later announced in December that no charges would be filed against the officers.
In August 2018, Shapiro released the results of an extensive grand jury report alleging the sexual abuse of over 1,000 children by over 300 priests in Pennsylvania.
In 2018, Shapiro offered former Bedford County district attorney William Higgins a plea deal for corruption charges, guaranteeing no prison time despite Higgins initially facing a maximum sentence of 62 years.
In 2018, Shapiro reached an agreement with federal officials to prevent the distribution of blueprints for 3D printed firearms.
In May 2019, it was reported that members of Josh Shapiro's office staff made promotional edits to his Wikipedia entry, describing him as a 'rising progressive star'. Similar edits were also reported for other Pennsylvania officials. The Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission did not consider the practice illegal under state ethics law at the time.
In December 2019, Shapiro charged state representative Movita Johnson-Harrell with perjury and theft of funds from her charity. She later served time in prison and house arrest.
In 2019, Shapiro came out in support of legalizing recreational cannabis use by adults, joining Governor Tom Wolf and other Pennsylvania Democrats.
In 2019, Shapiro led efforts to ensure that Highmark insurance holders could receive treatment at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, allowing 1.9 million recipients to continue using their existing doctors.
In 2019, while serving on the Pennsylvania Board of Pardons as attorney general, Shapiro cast the fewest votes in favor of commutation, denying 24 out of 41 pardons.
During the leadup to the primary election, in 2020, Shapiro's campaign released an advertisement calling a Mastriano win "a win for what Donald Trump stands for", referencing Mastriano's stance on outlawing abortion and his efforts to audit the 2020 presidential election.
In 2020, Josh Shapiro was one of the 20 electors the Pennsylvania Democratic Party chose to vote in the Electoral College for Joe Biden and Kamala Harris in the United States presidential election.
In 2020, Shapiro was re-elected as Attorney General, defeating Republican nominee Heather Heidelbaugh with 50.9% of the vote. He received the most votes of any candidate in Pennsylvania history, outperforming Joe Biden.
On November 8, 2022, Shapiro's victory was decisive and uniform across the state. The vast majority of President Joe Biden's voters in 2020 voted for Shapiro, as did many independents and a sizable segment of Donald Trump supporters.
In July 2021, Shapiro charged state representative Margo L. Davidson with theft by deception and Election Code violations. Davidson resigned, paid restitution, and was released without bail.
In August 2021, Shapiro settled the largest prevailing wage criminal case in U.S. history. Glenn O. Hawbaker Inc. paid nearly $21 million to 1,267 Pennsylvania workers.
On October 13, 2021, Josh Shapiro announced his candidacy for governor of Pennsylvania in the 2022 election.
In 2021, Josh Shapiro announced an opioid settlement with Johnson & Johnson and other pharmaceutical distributors, resulting in Pennsylvania receiving $1 billion. This settlement resolved thousands of lawsuits related to the opioid epidemic.
In 2021, after Ben & Jerry's announced its plan to end sales in Israeli settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem while seeking to continue sales in Israel through a different arrangement, Shapiro supported calls to apply Pennsylvania's anti-BDS law to Ben & Jerry's, praising the law as preventing antisemitism.
In January 2022, Shapiro's campaign reported it had $13.4 million in campaign funds, which was described as a record amount for a candidate in an election year.
On January 29, 2022, the Pennsylvania Democratic Party endorsed Shapiro by voice vote, along with his preferred running mate, state representative Austin Davis.
On May 17, 2022, Shapiro secured the Democratic nomination for governor after facing no opponents in the primary.
In August 2022, seven more former Republican officials, including former U.S. secretary of homeland security Michael Chertoff, endorsed Shapiro, citing Mastriano being "extreme" and "divisive".
On November 8, 2022, Shapiro defeated Mastriano in the gubernatorial election with 56.5% of the vote. He won 17 counties and received support from a wide range of voters.
On December 6, 2022, during his transition to the governorship, it was reported that Shapiro tapped several of his longtime aides to serve in high-ranking positions, including naming his campaign manager Dana Fritz as his chief of staff.
During his 2022 gubernatorial campaign, Shapiro pledged that, if elected, he would protect abortion access in Pennsylvania and veto any legislation passed by the state legislature that restricted or outlawed abortion.
During his campaign in 2022, Shapiro announced that he now favored abolishing the death penalty in Pennsylvania, a reversal of his previous position.
In 2022, Shapiro won the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, defeating Republican nominee Doug Mastriano.
In January 2023, Shapiro appointed Akbar Hossain as secretary of policy and Mike Vereb as secretary of legislative affairs. Vereb later resigned in September due to accusations of sexual harassment.
On January 17, 2023, Shapiro was sworn in as governor of Pennsylvania, using a stack of three Hebrew Bibles. He is the third Jewish governor in Pennsylvania's history and the state's first Generation X governor.
In February 2023, Shapiro criticized the Norfolk Southern Railway's management for its lack of communication with Pennsylvania officials following a train derailment in Ohio that carried harmful chemicals near the Pennsylvania border. Shapiro urged the company to adopt "a safer overall approach" and called on the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration to consider the necessity of more advanced safety equipment on trains.
On June 11, 2023, Shapiro issued a "disaster emergency" proclamation in response to the collapse of a section of Interstate 95 in Philadelphia. The state allocated up to $7 million for reconstruction efforts, and authorized the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, and the Pennsylvania State Police to utilize all available resources to address the situation.
In June 2023, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives voted to pass a bill that would increase the minimum wage to $15 by 2026, but the Republican-controlled State Senate thwarted the legislation.
In August 2023, Shapiro announced that his administration would terminate Pennsylvania's nearly 30-year contract with Real Alternatives, an anti-abortion nonprofit that funds anti-abortion counseling centers and maternity homes, to better defend abortion access in the state.
On August 28, 2023, Shapiro announced that the college education requirement for state police cadets had been eliminated amid a decline in police applicants.
On September 19, 2023, Shapiro announced that Pennsylvania would implement automatic voter registration, effective immediately, allowing eligible individuals to register to vote when obtaining driver's licenses, with an opt-out option.
In November 2023, Shapiro appointed Robb Fox as his representative on the University of Pennsylvania's board of trustees, increasing his influence over the university. Shapiro also publicly criticized the university's leadership during a congressional hearing on antisemitism, calling the president's appearance a "failure of leadership".
In November 2023, Shapiro criticized Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, calling him "a terrible leader" who "has driven Israel to an extreme that has been bad for Israel and bad for the stability in the Middle East".
On December 3, 2023, Shapiro visited Philadelphia restaurant Goldie in support after a pro-Palestinian protest accused the Jewish-owned establishment of supporting genocide in Gaza. He condemned the protest as antisemitic, emphasizing that targeting a restaurant solely due to its Jewish ownership is unacceptable.
In December 2023, Shapiro intervened in a strike by Philadelphia transit officers and negotiated a three-year contract that included a 13% raise increase for the officers.
In December 2023, Shapiro signed into law a bipartisan bill to restrict the activities that are considered violations of parole. He stood next to rapper Meek Mill, who had previously been imprisoned for a parole violation, at the bill-signing ceremony.
During the drafting of the state budget in mid-2023, Shapiro initially supported a Republican-led school choice proposal to allocate $200 million for private school tuition. However, he later withdrew his support to prevent budget delays after facing opposition from House Democrats and criticism from state school districts and progressive organizations, who argued his budget did not sufficiently benefit low-income schools.
In 2023, Shapiro began serving as the 48th governor of Pennsylvania.
In 2023, Shapiro permanently extended the Wolf administration's free breakfast program for all Pennsylvania public-school students as part of the state budget, signed into law in August.
In January 2024, Shapiro further criticized Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, calling him "one of the worst leaders of all time".
In February 2024, Shapiro declined requests from the Republican-controlled State Senate to deploy the Pennsylvania National Guard to the U.S. southern border to assist Texas with the increasing number of migrants entering the country.
In February 2024, Shapiro unveiled his proposed $48.3 billion state budget for the 2024 and 2025 fiscal year, focusing on funding public schools, public transit, higher education, and infrastructure.
In February 2024, a Franklin & Marshall College poll indicated that Shapiro had the highest approval rating among voters compared to his four predecessors as governor at a similar point in their terms.
In March 2024, Shapiro issued a directive increasing Pennsylvania's use of Project Labor Agreements (PLAs).
In March 2024, Shapiro voiced concern for Palestinian civilians and expressed support for peaceful protesters.
In April 2024, Shapiro condemned pro-Palestinian protests at American colleges after a rabbi urged Jewish students to leave Columbia University, citing safety concerns. Shapiro called on local officials to enforce the law to protect students.
In May 2024, Shapiro called for a police crackdown on the pro-Palestinian encampment at the University of Pennsylvania. He later stated that he was aware of the police plans to disband the encampment, which occurred less than 24 hours after his statement.
At an event with Janet Yellen in July 2024, Shapiro reiterated his support for "aggressive" corporate tax cuts in Pennsylvania.
On August 4, 2024, Shapiro was interviewed by Kamala Harris as a potential running mate for her campaign. Other candidates interviewed included Tim Walz and Senator Mark Kelly. Ultimately, Harris chose Walz.
May and September 2024 polls by The Philadelphia Inquirer, The New York Times, and Siena College indicated Shapiro as the most popular government official in Pennsylvania, with a 57% and 59% approval ratings, respectively. This included support from a majority across every racial and education line and a third of Donald Trump supporters.
In November 2024, Shapiro signed an executive order to create the Pennsylvania Permit Fast Track Program, designed to expedite the permitting process for large-scale infrastructure projects requiring multiple permits. Following the order's enactment, the Department of Environmental Protection's permit backlog was eliminated, and the waiting period was reduced.
During the drafting of the 2024 budget, Shapiro proposed a $1.1 billion increase for public school operations and instruction, marking a 14% rise from the previous year. The 2024 budget also included about $144 million in financial aid for students, a roughly 33% increase. Furthermore, a new State Board of Higher Education was established to create performance-based criteria for funding state-related universities, and over $900 million was allocated for special education.
In 2024, Shapiro and other Democratic lawmakers attempted to include a raise in the minimum wage in that year's state budget, but due to Republican criticism, the proposal was withdrawn.
In 2024, Shapiro filed a brief in support of an Allegheny County inmate appealing his life without parole sentence. The inmate had been convicted of second-degree murder for his accomplice's actions during a burglary.
In 2024, Shapiro proposed investing $282.8 million in public transit systems, which is a 1.75% increase, with the aim of generating $1.5 billion for transit funding until 2029. This funding proposal aimed to support public transportation initiatives.
In 2024, a spokesperson clarified that Shapiro was "at no time engaged in any military activities" during his time volunteering in Israel.
In 2024, a spokesperson for Shapiro stated that Shapiro pledged to sign a bill to block state funding of colleges and universities that engage in BDS, defined as any activity "intended to financially penalize the State of Israel".
In 2024, a spokesperson stated that Shapiro's position on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict had changed since his 1993 op-ed, and he now supports a two-state solution.
In the 2024 Pennsylvania state treasurer election, Shapiro declined to endorse Democratic nominee Erin McClelland in her unsuccessful campaign against Republican incumbent Stacy Garrity. McClelland had criticized Shapiro when he was being considered as Harris's running mate.
When the results of the 2024 Senate election showed David McCormick ahead by less than one percentage point, triggering a statewide recount, Shapiro supported the recount. However, he opposed counting undated or incorrectly dated ballots, aligning with previous Pennsylvania Supreme Court rulings.
On February 19, 2025, President Trump appointed Shapiro to the Council of Governors.
On April 13, 2025, Shapiro and his family survived an arson attack at the governor's mansion, hours after holding a Passover Seder.
In June 2025, Shapiro announced that Amazon would invest $20 billion to build two AI data center campuses in Salem Township and Falls Township. Shapiro praised the project for creating at least 1,250 jobs, calling it the largest private-sector investment in Pennsylvania history. However, concerns were raised about energy consumption and potential price increases for consumers.
In September 2025, Shapiro urged the Trump administration to send aid to starving Gazans, stating that the US had a "moral responsibility" to provide food, nourishment, and medicines to children in need. He also criticized Netanyahu's starvation denial and urged Trump to prevent Hamas from intercepting aid.
After the hostage release and ceasefire deal in October 2025, Shapiro stated that the end of the war offered hope and opportunity for Israelis, Palestinians, and the entire region.
In 2025, Shapiro was unable to secure long-term, dedicated funding for SEPTA. Instead, the organization was required to use $364 million from its capital budget to fund operations after a court ordered the reversal of service cuts.
In February 2024, Shapiro unveiled his proposed $48.3 billion state budget for the 2024 and 2025 fiscal year, mostly consisting of funding public schools, public transit, higher education and infrastructure, with tax collections projected to increase by $1 billion.
In her 2025 memoir, titled "107 Days", Kamala Harris wrote that Shapiro "would want to be in the room for every decision" and told him that "a vice-president is not a co-president".
Part of the state budget Shapiro signed into law in 2025 mandated automatically approving permits within a certain time frame if the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) failed to act on them.
Shapiro supports cutting Pennsylvania's nearly 10 percent corporate tax rate to 4 percent by 2025.
In January 2026, Shapiro announced his intention to seek reelection as governor of Pennsylvania in the 2026 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election.
In February 2026, Shapiro called for data centers to pay for their own power without increasing consumer prices. He also introduced GRID (Governor's Responsible Infrastructure Development) standards for data centers, which include transparency, local hiring, and water conservation.
In April 2026, climate journalist Jael Holzman published emails revealing that Shapiro's administration collaborated with Amazon on the regulatory agenda for data centers and offered early access to an expedited permitting process, though Amazon declined the offer.
During Shapiro's first two years in office, he has proposed lowering corporate income taxes from 8.99% to 4.99% by 2026.
In June 2023, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives voted to pass a bill that would increase the minimum wage to $15 by 2026, but the Republican-controlled State Senate thwarted the legislation.
In his 2026 book "Where We Keep the Light", Shapiro wrote about being asked by Dana Remus from Kamala Harris's vetting team whether he had been an "agent of the Israeli government" or communicated with an undercover Israeli agent. He found the questions offensive and was concerned about Harris's advisors.
As part of the Commonwealth Workers Transformation Program (CWTP), as much as $400 million could be used for workforce training in Pennsylvania until 2028.
In February 2024, Critics argued that the budget would inflate the state's deficit to over $6 billion by 2028 and lead to large tax increases. Ultimately, Shapiro rolled back some of his proposals and signed a $47.6 billion budget in July.
Shapiro has been mentioned as a potential candidate in the 2028 presidential election.
In 2024, Shapiro proposed investing $282.8 million in public transit systems, which is a 1.75% increase, with the aim of generating $1.5 billion for transit funding until 2029. This was to be the target year for the overall transit funding plan.
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