Janet Louise Yellen is a prominent American economist with a distinguished career in public service and academia. She notably served as the 78th United States Secretary of the Treasury (2021-2025) and Chair of the Federal Reserve (2014-2018), becoming the first woman to hold both positions. Prior to these roles, she led the White House Council of Economic Advisers. Yellen currently holds a professorship at the University of California, Berkeley, solidifying her influence in economic policy and thought.
In 1906, Julius Yellen, Janet Yellen's father, was born.
In 1907, Anna Ruth Blumenthal, Janet Yellen's mother, was born.
Janet Yellen is considered the most liberal Federal Reserve leader since Marriner S. Eccles, who was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt amidst the Great Depression in 1934.
In 1942, John Yellen, Janet Yellen's older brother, was born.
On August 13, 1946, Janet Louise Yellen was born. She would later become an influential American economist, serving as the United States Secretary of the Treasury from 2021 to 2025 and Chair of the Federal Reserve from 2014 to 2018, the first woman to hold either position.
In 1963, Janet Yellen graduated as the valedictorian of her class at Fort Hamilton High School.
In June 1998, a report by the Council of Economic Advisers referenced the Equal Pay Act of 1963 as a step forward.
In the spring of 1964, Janet Yellen joined the business staff of The Brown Daily Herald, but left soon after to focus on her academic studies.
In 1967, Janet Yellen graduated from Brown University.
The Council of Economic Advisers, during Janet Yellen's time, analyzed data starting from 1969, within a report in June 1998 to understand the gender pay divide.
In 1971, Janet Yellen became an assistant professor of economics at Harvard University.
In 1971, Janet Yellen earned a Ph.D. in economics from Yale University.
In 1975, Julius Yellen, Janet Yellen's father, passed away.
In 1976, Janet Yellen left her position as assistant professor of economics at Harvard University.
In 1976, Janet Yellen's time as an assistant professor at Harvard University came to an end.
In 1977, Janet Yellen became a staff economist for the Federal Reserve Board.
In 1977, Janet Yellen took a job within the Federal Reserve's Board of Governors as a staff economist.
In the fall of 1977, Janet Yellen met her future husband, George Akerlof.
In June 1978, Janet Yellen married George Akerlof, an economist and Nobel laureate. They met in the fall of 1977, became engaged by December, and married less than a year after meeting.
Because her term was cut short, Yellen had the briefest term as central bank chief since G. William Miller's term, which began in 1978.
In 1978, Janet Yellen became a faculty member at the London School of Economics.
In 1978, Janet Yellen married economist George Akerlof, whom she met at the Federal Reserve.
Because her term was cut short, Yellen had the briefest term as central bank chief since G. William Miller's term, which ended in 1979.
Janet Yellen was the first Democrat to become the chair of the Federal Reserve, since Paul Volcker assumed that position in 1979.
In 1980, Janet Yellen became a faculty member at the University of California, Berkeley, marking a significant step in her academic career.
Since 1980, Alan Blinder and Janet Yellen became the first Democratic appointees to the Board.
In 1981, Janet Yellen and George Akerlof's son, Robert Akerlof, was born. He later became an economist.
In 1982, Janet Yellen became the second woman at Berkeley-Haas to earn tenure.
In 1985, Janet Yellen received the Haas School's outstanding teaching award and also became a full professor at Berkeley-Haas.
In 1986, Anna Ruth Yellen, Janet Yellen's mother, passed away.
In 1988, Janet Yellen earned the Haas School's outstanding teaching award for the second time.
In 1990, Janet Yellen and George Akerlof published their paper "The Fair-Wage Effort Hypothesis and Unemployment", which introduced "the fair wage effort hypothesis" and made a significant contribution to efficiency wage theory.
In 1992, Janet Yellen was named the Bernard T. Rocca Jr. Professor of International Business and Trade.
On April 22, 1994, President Bill Clinton announced his intention to nominate Janet Yellen as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors.
In July 1994, Janet Yellen had her confirmation hearing before the Senate Banking Committee, where she discussed Fed policies and their impact on economic growth and inflation.
On August 12, 1994, Janet Yellen was officially appointed to a 14-year term on the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, making her the fourth female governor and marking the first time two women were on the Board simultaneously.
In 1994, Janet Yellen became a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, marking a significant milestone in her career.
In 1994, Janet Yellen took a leave of absence from Berkeley to go into public service.
In July 1996, Janet Yellen used academic research to resist pressure within the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates as unemployment dropped, arguing for moderate inflation over a zero inflation policy.
On December 20, 1996, Janet Yellen joined the Clinton administration as chair of President Clinton's Council of Economic Advisers (CEA), succeeding Joseph Stiglitz.
In 1996, Janet Yellen, along with George Akerlof and Michael Katz, published "An Analysis of Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing in the United States", which explored the reasons behind the increase in out-of-wedlock births.
The Council of Economic Advisers, during Janet Yellen's time, analyzed data until 1996, within a report in June 1998 to understand the gender pay divide.
On February 13, 1997, Janet Yellen was unanimously confirmed by the Senate, becoming the second woman to serve as chief economic advisor to the president.
On February 17, 1997, Janet Yellen resigned as a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, upon her confirmation as chair of the Council of Economic Advisers.
In 1997, Janet Yellen was named chair of the Council of Economic Advisers by President Bill Clinton.
In June 1998, during her time with the Council of Economic Advisers, Yellen oversaw a report titled "Explaining Trends in the Gender Wage Gap", which analyzed data from 1969 to 1996 and determined that a 25-percent difference between average pay for women and men had no correlation with differences in productivity and, as such, was the result of discrimination within the workforce.
In April 1999, Janet Yellen discussed her views on applying Keynesian economics to policymaking at the Yale economics department reunion, stating that while most economists appreciate markets, Yalies recognize when they don't operate correctly and prioritize policies to remedy them.
In June 1999, Yellen announced her resignation from the Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) for personal reasons and her return to teaching at UC Berkeley; she declined President Clinton's offer to replace Alice Rivlin as the central bank's vice chairwoman.
From 1997 to 1999, Yellen concurrently chaired the OECD Economic Policy Committee while serving within the Clinton Administration.
In 1999, Janet Yellen became a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research.
In 1999, Janet Yellen was appointed the Eugene E. and Catherine M. Trefethen Professor of Business Administration and Professor of Economics.
In 1999, Janet Yellen's tenure as chair of the Council of Economic Advisers came to an end, and she subsequently returned to academia.
In 2001, Janet Yellen's husband, George Akerlof, won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
On April 12, 2004, the Federal Reserve announced that Yellen would replace Robert T. Parry as president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, becoming the first woman to hold this position, effective June 14.
In 2004, Janet Yellen became the president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
In 2005, Lawrence Summers made controversial remarks on women's aptitude in math and science while serving as Harvard University's president, sparking further controversy during the race to succeed Bernanke as the Federal Reserve's chair in 2013.
In 2006, Janet Yellen became a voting member of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) on a rotating basis.
In 2006, Janet Yellen was awarded the title of professor emeritus at UC Berkeley.
The Federal Reserve raised its key interest rate for the first time since 2006 on December 16, 2015.
During the 2008 financial crisis, Janet Yellen warned against an over-hasty removal of stimulus and expressed her belief that the state has a duty to tackle poverty and inequality.
Following the 2016 presidential election, Yellen gave a strong defense of the Dodd–Frank Act because it was designed to prevent a repeat of the 2008 financial crisis.
On June 5, 2009, Yellen suggested the Federal Reserve should consider raising interest rates earlier to prevent another housing bubble, arguing it could restrain demand for housing and high-risk mortgages.
In July 2009, Yellen was mentioned as a potential successor to Chairman Ben Bernanke.
In March 2010, Yellen emerged as the leading contender for vice chair of the Federal Reserve Board.
On April 28, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated Yellen to succeed Donald Kohn as vice chair of the Federal Reserve.
In July 2010, the Senate Banking Committee voted 17–6 to confirm Yellen as vice chair of the Federal Reserve.
On September 29, 2010, Yellen was confirmed by the Senate as a member of the board of governors and vice chairman of the Federal Reserve System.
In 2010, Janet Yellen was chosen by President Barack Obama to replace Donald Kohn as vice chair of the Federal Reserve.
In 2010, Janet Yellen's role as a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research came to an end.
In July 2013, Yellen was pushed to be named the first chairwoman of the central bank in a letter that was circulated among the Senate Democrats and had been signed by almost a third of the 54 caucus senators.
On October 9, 2013, Yellen was officially nominated to replace Bernanke as chair of the Federal Reserve.
On December 20, 2013, the U.S. Senate voted 59–34 for cloture on Yellen's nomination as chair of the Federal Reserve.
On January 6, 2014, Yellen was confirmed as chair of the Federal Reserve by a vote of 56–26.
On February 3, 2014, Yellen was sworn into office as chair of the Federal Reserve.
In July 2014, Yellen testified that real estate, equities, and corporate bond prices were generally in line with historical norms but acknowledged concerns about lower-rated corporate debt valuations.
In 2014, Janet Yellen became the Chair of the Federal Reserve, a historic achievement as the first woman to hold the position.
On December 16, 2015, the Federal Reserve, under Yellen's leadership, increased its key interest rate for the first time since 2006.
Following the 2016 presidential election, Yellen gave a strong defense of the Dodd–Frank Act in her Joint Economic Committee testimony.
On June 27, 2017, Janet Yellen stated that she did not anticipate another financial crisis "in our lifetime", citing the increased strength of banks due to Federal Reserve oversight.
On August 25, 2017, Yellen supported financial regulations enacted after the Great Recession and warned against weakening or repealing the Dodd-Frank Act in a speech to the Jackson Hole Economic Symposium.
In November 2017, Trump chose Jerome Powell over Yellen as chair of the Federal Reserve, on the advice of his Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin. Yellen then resigned from the Federal Reserve Board at the conclusion of her chairmanship.
On February 2, 2018, Yellen enforced sanctions on Wells Fargo, restricting the firm's expansion due to "widespread consumer abuses and compliance breakdowns".
On February 5, 2018, Janet Yellen began her role as a distinguished fellow in residence with the Economic Studies program at the Brookings Institution. She was also affiliated with the Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy at Brookings.
On July 31, 2018, the Hutchins Center announced Janet Yellen, along with James H. Stock and Louise Sheiner, as co-chairs of the newly launched Productivity Measurement Initiative. The initiative aimed to improve the quality of economic statistics.
On December 10, 2018, during a conversation with Paul Krugman at the City University of New York, Janet Yellen cautioned about the potential for another financial crisis, highlighting "gigantic holes in the system" following her departure from the Federal Reserve.
In 2018, Janet Yellen expressed concern about the United States' fiscal path, particularly regarding the national debt, stating that she would raise taxes and cut retirement spending if she had a "magic wand".
In 2018, Janet Yellen's term as Chair of the Federal Reserve concluded.
In 2018, following her departure from the Federal Reserve, Janet Yellen joined the Brookings Institution as a distinguished fellow in residence.
In January 2019, Janet Yellen was among the original 45 signers of the Economists' Statement on Carbon Dividends, promoting a carbon dividends framework for U.S. climate change policy.
On February 25, 2019, in an interview with Marketplace, Janet Yellen expressed her disagreement with President Trump's understanding of macroeconomic policy. She questioned his ability to articulate the Federal Reserve's goals and raised concerns about his regard for the central bank's independence.
On July 17, 2020, Janet Yellen and Ben Bernanke testified at the House Select Oversight Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis, advocating for aggressive fiscal stimulus. They specifically urged for extended unemployment payments, financial aid to states and local governments, and investments in the medical response to the pandemic.
In August 2020, Janet Yellen was among a group of economists who briefed Joe Biden, the Democratic nominee for president, and Kamala Harris on key economic issues.
In October 2020, Janet Yellen co-chaired the Group of Thirty's Steering Committee Working Group on Climate Change and Finance, preparing a report that developed a strategy to mainstream the global transition to a net-zero emissions economy, calling for climate risk assessments and carbon pricing.
In November 2020, Janet Yellen departed from her position at the Brookings Institution after being selected as a nominee to serve as Treasury secretary.
On November 30, 2020, President-elect Joe Biden nominated Janet Yellen to serve as Secretary of the Treasury.
In 2020, Janet Yellen went back into public service after her time at the Brookings Institution.
On January 22, 2021, the Senate Finance Committee unanimously approved Janet Yellen's nomination as Secretary of the Treasury with a 26-0 vote.
On January 25, 2021, Janet Yellen was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as Secretary of the Treasury.
In April 2021, Janet Yellen proposed a global minimum corporate tax rate designed to prevent multinational companies from shifting profits for tax avoidance.
On June 5, 2021, finance ministers from the Group of Seven (G7) agreed to reinstate a minimum worldwide corporate tax rate of at least 15%.
On July 23, 2021, Janet Yellen sent a letter to congressional leaders, urging them to increase or suspend the nation's debt limit to avoid "irreparable harm" to the U.S. economy.
In September 2021, during a House Financial Services Committee hearing, Janet Yellen supported efforts to completely remove the debt ceiling, arguing that the borrowing cap is "very destructive" and poses an unnecessary threat to the American economy.
On September 19, 2021, Janet Yellen called for an increase in the debt ceiling, warning of a potential financial crisis if the Treasury's cash reserves were exhausted in October.
In October 2021, more than 130 countries agreed to establish a global minimum tax rate of 15% for businesses worldwide, enforced through the OECD. The projected gain from the deal, which was anticipated to take effect in 2023, would result in an increase of $150 billion in annual tax revenues.
In November 2021, Janet Yellen and senior Treasury personnel began developing a sanctions strategy designed to maximize the economic impact on Russia while minimizing negative consequences for the United States and its allies, in anticipation of potential aggression.
In December 2021, President Biden signed a debt ceiling increase into law, averting a U.S. default. The legislation covered the government's financial commitments beyond the 2022 midterm elections.
In 2021, Janet Yellen became the 78th United States Secretary of the Treasury, marking a significant milestone in her career as the first woman to hold the position.
In 2021, Janet Yellen was parodied by Kate McKinnon on NBC's Saturday Night Live (SNL).
On April 7, 2022, at American University's Kogod School of Business Center for Innovation, Janet Yellen addressed the growing impact of digital assets on the American economy, outlining policy objectives and lessons for navigating emerging technologies.
On April 13, 2022, in a speech at the Atlantic Council, Janet Yellen advocated for a "friendshoring" strategy to mitigate supply chain risks associated with reliance on commodities from countries aligned with authoritarian regimes, favoring trade with allies and partner countries.
On May 10, 2022, during a Senate Banking Committee hearing, Janet Yellen commented on the potential economic consequences of overturning Roe v. Wade, stating it would have damaging effects on the economy and set women back decades, increasing their risk of poverty. This statement was made after a leaked draft majority opinion in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization indicated the Supreme Court's intention to overrule previous abortion legalization decisions.
In August 2022, following the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act, Janet Yellen instructed the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to allocate $80 billion over a decade to address backlogs, improve taxpayer services, modernize technology, and recruit thousands of new employees.
On December 2, 2022, the G7 nations, the European Union, and Australia agreed to cap the price of Russian oil at $60 per barrel, following lobbying and negotiations led by the United States. This was designed to reduce Russia's funding for the war in Ukraine and limit inflation.
In December 2022, Janet Yellen highlighted key risks for the U.S. economy in an essay, suggesting "friendshoring" policies to mitigate over-concentration of critical goods, geopolitical and security risks from hostile states, and reliance on supply chains involving human rights violations.
In January 2023, Janet Yellen informed House Speaker Kevin McCarthy that the U.S. was expected to hit the debt ceiling on January 19, necessitating "extraordinary measures" to prevent default.
On February 27, 2023, Janet Yellen made a surprise visit to Kyiv, reaffirming the U.S.'s ongoing economic support for Ukraine amidst Russia's invasion. This support includes nearly $50 billion in security, financial, and humanitarian aid. Yellen met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal to discuss the rollout of $1.25 billion in budget relief.
On March 12, 2023, amidst the banking crisis, Janet Yellen appeared on CBS' Face the Nation and affirmed that financial regulators were closely monitoring the banking system. Addressing the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank, she mentioned working with regulators to design appropriate policies but declined to provide specifics, while stating a bailout was off the table. On the same day, Yellen approved actions enabling the FDIC to fully protect all depositors of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank through a systemic risk exception.
On April 20, 2023, Janet Yellen delivered a speech at Johns Hopkins University, outlining the Biden administration's three economic objectives toward China: securing American national security interests and protecting human rights, promoting healthy and fair economic competition based on international rules, and addressing global challenges like debt in the developing world and climate change. Yellen emphasized national security's priority and expressed her desire to visit China to revive economic dialogue.
On June 3, 2023, President Biden signed into law bipartisan congressional legislation suspending the public debt limit through his first term, resolving the ongoing debt-ceiling crisis.
In June 2023, regarding the Fiscal Responsibility Act, Janet Yellen addressed the reallocation of over a quarter of previously approved IRS modernization funding. Despite this, she assured that the agency still has sufficient near-term resources to enhance service and enforcement, and that the Treasury Department will continue advocating for additional funds to improve service and ensure high-end taxpayers pay their fair share.
In September 2023, Janet Yellen stated that she was not concerned about the $33 trillion federal government debt.
In October 2023, Janet Yellen, in an interview with Sky News, stated that it was too early to speculate on the significant economic consequences of Israel's war on Gaza. She noted that the impact depends on whether the hostilities extend beyond Israel and Gaza, an outcome she would like to avoid.
Even though she resigned, Yellen's assignment as a Fed governor lasted until 2024.
In 2025, Janet Yellen's tenure as the 78th United States Secretary of the Treasury came to an end.
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