San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a major commercial, financial, and cultural hub in Northern California. As of 2024, it has a population of over 827,000, making it the fourth-most populous city in California and the 17th-most populous in the U.S. San Francisco is the fifth-most densely populated U.S. county, with the first per capita income and sixth aggregate income among U.S. cities with over 250,000 residents as of 2023. It is at the upper end of the San Francisco Peninsula. San Francisco anchors the 13th-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. The San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland combined statistical area is the fifth-largest urban region in the U.S. with an estimated population of over nine million in 2023.
Around 1900, The first North American plague epidemic was the San Francisco plague.
The creation of Golden Gate Park from 1870-1900, contributed to the development of the West Side of the city.
Around 1901, San Francisco was a major city known for its flamboyant style, stately hotels, ostentatious mansions on Nob Hill, and a thriving arts scene.
In 1901, Golden Gate University, a private, nonsectarian university located in the Financial District, was formed.
The North American plague epidemic, known as the San Francisco plague ended around 1904.
On April 18, 1906, a major earthquake struck San Francisco and northern California, leading to widespread fires and destruction. Jack London eulogized the destruction.
Following the 1906 earthquake, wealthy San Franciscans constructed homes in Pacific Heights.
In 1906, a major earthquake and subsequent fire destroyed three-quarters of San Francisco.
In 1906, an earthquake occurred due to the San Andreas Fault.
The Historical Center of San Francisco monument marks the location where the 1899–1906 City Hall was once located.
The Western Addition survived the 1906 earthquake with its Victorians largely intact, including the famous "Painted Ladies", standing alongside Alamo Square.
In 1910, the influential San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association or SPUR was founded to address the quality of housing after the earthquake.
In September 1912, Michael O'Shaughnessy was hired as chief engineer for the city to supervise various construction projects.
Since 1912, the Bay to Breakers footrace has been held annually.
In 1913, San Francisco was granted a perpetual leasehold over the Hetch Hetchy Valley and watershed in Yosemite National Park by the Raker Act.
In 1915, San Francisco celebrated its rebirth at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition.
San Francisco's streetcar system was pushed to completion by O'Shaughnessy between 1915 and 1927.
In 1918, the construction of the Twin Peaks Tunnel connected southwest neighborhoods to downtown via streetcar, hastening the development of West Portal, and nearby affluent Forest Hill and St. Francis Wood.
In 2012, a study that examined which U.S. metro areas have produced the most Major Leaguers since 1920.
San Francisco's streetcar system was pushed to completion by O'Shaughnessy between 1915 and 1927.
In the wake of the 1929 stock market crash, no San Francisco-based bank failed.
On December 11, 1932, the lowest recorded temperature was 27 °F (−3 °C).
In 1934, a 103-foot (31 m) tall cross was built on the top of San Francisco's tallest hill, Mount Davidson, which is 928 feet (283 m) high.
In 1936, San Francisco completed the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.
In 1939, San Francisco celebrated with the Golden Gate International Exposition.
In 1940, non-Hispanic White residents formed 92.5% of San Francisco's population.
In 1945, The United Nations Charter creating the United Nations was drafted and signed in San Francisco.
The weather station opened in 1945 and has been recording temperatures ever since.
In 1946, the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) began playing as an All-America Football Conference (AAFC) league charter member.
By 2000, the city's population reached new highs, surpassing the previous record set in 1950.
From 1950 to 1980, San Francisco lost over 10 percent of its population, and San Francisco underwent significant demographic change, as large segments of the white population left the city, supplanted by an increasing wave of immigration from Asia and Latin America.
In 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco re-established peaceful relations between Japan and the Allied Powers.
In 1955, Bill Russell led the San Francisco Dons basketball team to an NCAA championship.
In 1956, Bill Russell led the San Francisco Dons basketball team to an NCAA championship.
In 1958, Major League Baseball's San Francisco Giants moved from New York to San Francisco.
In 1959, the city had fewer than thirty-three hundred first-class hotel rooms.
In 1962, the NBA's Golden State Warriors moved from Philadelphia to the San Francisco Bay Area and played as the San Francisco Warriors.
In 1967, Hippies flocked to Haight-Ashbury, reaching a peak with the Summer of Love.
In 1968, the California Institute of Integral Studies was founded, offering graduate programs in its Schools of Professional Psychology & Health, and Consciousness and Transformation.
In 1969, San Francisco's manufacturing sector employed nearly 60,000 workers.
By 1970, the number of first-class hotel rooms was nine thousand.
In 1971, KPOO, an independent, African-American owned and operated noncommercial radio station, was established in San Francisco.
In 1971, The Fillmore music venue closed its doors with a final performance by Santana.
In 1971, the Golden State Warriors were renamed the Golden State Warriors prior to the 1971–1972 season.
In 1971, the San Francisco 49ers moved into Candlestick Park.
In December 1972, the coldest daytime high since the station's opening in 1945 was recorded at 37 °F (3 °C).
In 1972, the Transamerica Pyramid was completed, igniting a wave of "Manhattanization".
In 1972, the Warriors played as the Golden State Warriors for the first time.
Since 1972, San Francisco Pride events have been held continuously.
In 1973, Sutro Tower, an important broadcast tower, was built between Mount Sutro and the Twin Peaks for KTVU, KRON, and KPIX.
In 1974, the Zebra murders left at least 16 people dead in San Francisco.
In 1975, the last serious Republican challenger for city office lost the mayoral election by a narrow margin. Since then, Democrats have dominated city politics.
In 1976, snowfall occurred in San Francisco, with up to 5 inches (13 cm) falling on Twin Peaks. This was the most recent measurable snowfall in the city since 1852.
Since 1977, the number of San Franciscans employed by firms of more than 1,000 employees has fallen by half.
In 1978, Harvey Milk and Mayor George Moscone were assassinated, and the city became a center of the gay rights movement.
In January 1980, Mayor Dianne Feinstein signed a sister cities agreement with Shanghai during a visit to China.
From 1950 to 1980, San Francisco lost over 10 percent of its population, and San Francisco underwent significant demographic change, as large segments of the white population left the city, supplanted by an increasing wave of immigration from Asia and Latin America.
In 1980, San Francisco introduced one of the earliest curbside recycling programs.
Since 1980, the Escape from Alcatraz triathlon has attracted top professional and amateur triathletes for its annual race.
In 1981, the non-profit Friends of the Urban Forest was established in San Francisco, contributing to the city's active environmental community.
In 1984, the Folsom Street Fair (FSF) was started. It is an annual BDSM and leather subculture street fair held in September.
Since 1988, San Francisco has not voted more than 20% for a Republican presidential or senatorial candidate.
After the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, city leaders demolished the Embarcadero Freeway and a portion of the Central Freeway, converting them into street-level boulevards.
During the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the Marina district experienced extensive property damage due to soil liquefaction, as the area is largely built on landfill which tends to be unstable during earthquakes.
In 1989, San Francisco declared itself a sanctuary city.
In 1989, an earthquake occurred due to the San Andreas Fault.
The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake caused destruction and loss of life throughout the Bay Area.
Beginning in the 1990s, San Francisco's economy diversified away from finance and tourism towards the growing fields of high tech, biotechnology, and medical research. Technology jobs accounted for just 1 percent of San Francisco's economy in 1990.
In 1990, San Francisco saw an increase in foreign-born residents, rising from 33% of the population.
During an average year between 1991 and 2020, San Francisco recorded a warmest night at 64 °F (18 °C) and a coldest day at 49 °F (9 °C).
Since 1993, the San Francisco Department of Public Health has distributed 400,000 free syringes every month aimed at reducing HIV and other health risks for drug users, as well as providing disposal sites and services.
In 1994, CNET was founded in San Francisco.
In 1994, The Fillmore music venue reopened with a show by the Smashing Pumpkins.
In 1995, Salon.com was founded in San Francisco.
In 1995, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) moved to its current building in the South of Market neighborhood.
In 1998, Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts was founded and is part of the California College of the Arts.
Between 1999 and 2000, the job growth rate in San Francisco was 4.9%, creating over 50,000 jobs in technology firms and internet content production.
By 1999, there were more than thirty thousand hotel rooms.
Between 1999 and 2000, the job growth rate in San Francisco was 4.9%, creating over 50,000 jobs in technology firms and internet content production.
By 2000, the city's population reached new highs, surpassing the previous record set in 1950.
By 2000, the number of foreign-born residents in San Francisco had increased to nearly 40%. During the same time, the San Francisco metropolitan area ranked third in the United States with 850,000 immigrants, behind Los Angeles and New York.
In 2000, 48.6% of residents commuted by driving alone or carpooling in private vehicles in San Francisco.
In 2000, Oracle Park, the home stadium of the San Francisco Giants, opened.
In 2001, the dot-com bubble burst, leading to company closures and layoffs.
In 2001, the non-profit City CarShare opened in San Francisco, and Zipcar closely followed, marking San Francisco as an early adopter of carsharing in America.
In 2013, pedestrian fatalities were the highest since 2001.
From 2002 through 2013, Oracle Park hosted the annual Fight Hunger Bowl college football game.
In 2003, the University of California, San Francisco opened a 43-acre Mission Bay campus. This new campus complements the original facility in Parnassus Heights and contains research space and facilities designed to foster biotechnology and life sciences entrepreneurship. The opening of the Mission Bay campus in 2003 effectively doubled the size of UCSF's research enterprise.
In 2004, the Small Business Commission started a publicity campaign to keep a larger share of retail dollars in the local economy.
In 2004, the city approved a payroll tax exemption for biotechnology companies to foster growth in the Mission Bay neighborhood.
In 2006, small businesses with fewer than 10 employees and self-employed firms made up 85% of city establishments.
In 2006, the baseline counts for cyclist numbers were established by the Municipal Transportation Agency (MTA).
In 2007, San Francisco expanded its Medicaid and other indigent medical programs into the Healthy San Francisco program, which subsidizes certain medical services for eligible residents.
In 2007, San Francisco ranked third among American cities in median household income, with a value of $65,519. Median family income was $81,136.
In 2008, the MTA estimated that about 128,000 trips were made by bicycle each day in the city, or 6% of total trips.
In December 2010, the Sunset Reservoir Solar Project opened, installing 24,000 solar panels on the roof of the reservoir, more than tripling the city's solar generation capacity.
As of 2010, 55% of San Francisco residents spoke only English at home, while 19% spoke a variety of Chinese, 12% Spanish, 3% Tagalog, and 2% Russian.
By 2010, technology jobs accounted for 4 percent of San Francisco's economy.
In 2010, residents of Chinese ethnicity constituted the largest single ethnic minority group in San Francisco at 21% of the population; other large Asian groups include Filipinos (5%) and Vietnamese (2%).
The 2010 Municipal Transportation Agency (MTA) annual bicycle count showed the number of cyclists at 33 locations had increased 58% from the 2006 baseline counts.
The 2020 United States census showed San Francisco's population to be 873,965, an increase of 8.5% from the 2010 census.
As of 2014, San Francisco has seen a small resurgence in manufacturing, with more than 4,000 manufacturing jobs across 500 companies, doubling since 2011. The city's largest manufacturing employer is Anchor Brewing Company, and the largest by revenue is Timbuk2.
In 2011, Bloomberg West was launched from a studio on the Embarcadero in San Francisco.
In 2011, Ed Lee was selected by the board to finish the term of Gavin Newsom.
In 2011, San Francisco International Airport (SFO) was the eighth-busiest airport in the U.S. and the 22nd-busiest in the world, handling over 40.9 million passengers.
In 2011, San Francisco reported 50 murders, approximately 6.1 per 100,000 people, along with 134 rapes, 3,142 robberies, 2,139 assaults, 4,469 burglaries, 25,100 thefts, and 4,210 motor vehicle thefts.
In 2012, the San Francisco Giants won a World Series title and San Francisco was ranked No. 1 in a study that examined which U.S. metro areas have produced the most Major Leaguers since 1920.
In August 2013, Bay Area Bike Share, which later became Bay Wheels, launched with 700 bikes in downtown San Francisco, selected cities in the East Bay, and San Jose.
By the end of 2013, technology jobs accounted for an estimated 8 percent of San Francisco's economy. In 2013, San Francisco attracted 423 financings worth US$4.58 billion in venture capital investments.
From 2002 through 2013, Oracle Park hosted the annual Fight Hunger Bowl college football game.
In 2013, 21 pedestrians were killed in vehicle collisions in San Francisco, which was the highest since 2001. This resulted in 2.5 deaths per 100,000 population, 70% higher than the national average.
In 2013, SFMOMA closed for renovation and expansion.
In 2013, San Francisco hosted the America's Cup yacht racing competition.
In 2013, San Francisco strengthened its sanctuary city stance with its 'Due Process for All' ordinance, restricting local authorities from holding immigrants for immigration offenses if they had no violent felonies on their records and did not currently face charges.
In 2013, over 1.5 million people attended San Francisco Pride events, which was around 500,000 more than the previous year.
In 2013, which was a "La Niña" year, downtown San Francisco recorded a record low of 5.59 inches (142 mm) of rainfall.
The SFJAZZ Center opened in 2013, hosting jazz performances year-round.
On September 25, 2014, the new Terminal Project at Pier 27 opened as a replacement for the old Pier 35.
According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, the largest religious groupings in San Francisco's metropolitan area are Christians (48%), followed by those of no religion (35%), Hindus (5%), Jews (3%), Buddhists (2%), Muslims (1%) and a variety of other religions have smaller followings.
As of 2014, San Francisco has seen a small resurgence in manufacturing, with more than 4,000 manufacturing jobs across 500 companies, doubling since 2011. The city's largest manufacturing employer is Anchor Brewing Company, and the largest by revenue is Timbuk2.
In 2014, San Francisco committed to Vision Zero, with the goal of ending all traffic fatalities caused by motor vehicles within the city by 2024.
In 2014, San Francisco was found to have the highest quality of living of any U.S. city, according to a global survey.
In 2014, only 41.3% of residents commuted by driving alone or carpooling in private vehicles in San Francisco.
In 2014, the San Francisco 49ers moved approximately 50 miles south to Santa Clara.
In the first six months of 2015 there were 25 murders compared to 14 in the first six months of 2014.
On June 2, 2015, it was reported that the median rent in San Francisco had risen to $4,225.
From 2015 to 2019, the Golden State Warriors made five consecutive NBA Finals.
In 2015, CNBC began broadcasting from One Market Plaza in San Francisco.
In 2015, Walk Score ranked San Francisco the second-most walkable city in the United States.
In 2015, survey data released by Gallup placed the proportion of LGBT adults in the San Francisco metro area at 6.2%, the highest proportion among the 50 most populous metropolitan areas in the United States.
In the first six months of 2015 there were 25 murders compared to 14 in the first six months of 2014.
The municipal budget for fiscal year 2015–16 was $8.99 billion.
On May 14, 2016, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) reopened with an addition designed by Snøhetta that has doubled the museum's size.
By 2016, San Francisco was rated low by small businesses in a Business Friendliness Survey.
In 2016, San Francisco attracted the fifth-highest number of foreign tourists of any city in the United States. More than 25 million visitors arrived in San Francisco, adding US$9.96 billion to the economy.
In 2016, San Francisco recorded 59 murders, marking a 13.5% increase from the 52 homicides in 2015.
In 2016, approximately 27% of workers in San Francisco were employed in professional business services; 14% in leisure and hospitality; 13% in government services; 12% in education and health care; 11% in trade, transportation, and utilities; and 8% in financial activities.
In 2016-17, San Francisco's spending to service the growing population homelessness crisis jumped by $241 million to total $275 million.
The municipal budget for fiscal year 2015–16 was $8.99 billion.
On September 1, 2017, the highest recorded temperature at the official National Weather Service downtown observation station was 106 °F (41 °C).
On December 12, 2017, London Breed temporarily replaced Ed Lee after he died.
In 2017, Bay Area Bike Share started a major expansion and rebranded as Ford GoBike.
In 2017, the Overwatch League's San Francisco Shock Esports team was established.
In 2017, the homeless count was 6,858 people and spending jumped by $241 million to a total of $275 million.
In January 2018, a United Nations special rapporteur on homelessness, Leilani Farha, expressed being "completely shocked" by San Francisco's homelessness crisis, comparing the conditions to those in Mumbai.
On January 23, 2018, Mark Farrell was appointed by the Board of Supervisors to finish Lee's term.
According to a 2018 study by the Jewish Community Federation of San Francisco, Jews make up 10% (80,000) of the city's population.
As of 2018, the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area had a population of over 9.6 million, making it the fifth-largest in the United States.
During the first half of 2018, human feces on San Francisco sidewalks became the second-most-frequent complaint from city residents, with approximately 65 calls per day.
In 2018, Jewish Americans made up an estimated 10% (80,000) of San Francisco's population, making it the third-largest Jewish community in proportional terms in the United States.
In 2018, San Francisco ranked fifth in the U.S. for park access and quality in the ParkScore ranking.
In 2018, an emigration of middle-class families had left San Francisco with a lower proportion of children than any other large American city, with the dog population cited as exceeding the child population of 115,000.
As of 2019, 2.6% of the city's streets have protected bike lanes, with 28 miles of protected bike lanes in the city.
From 2015 to 2019, the Golden State Warriors made five consecutive NBA Finals.
In 2019, 42 people were killed in traffic collisions in San Francisco.
In 2019, Chase Center opened as the new home of the Golden State Warriors.
In 2019, Ford GoBike was renamed Bay Wheels.
In 2019, San Francisco Shock won a championship title.
In 2019, San Francisco's point-in-time street and shelter count identified 8,035 homeless people. In the 2019-2020 budget year, the city budgeted $368 million for homelessness services.
Starting in 2019, as part of the retrofitting of the Golden Gate Bridge and the installation of a suicide barrier, the railings on the west side of the pedestrian walkway were replaced with thinner, more flexible slats to improve the bridge's aerodynamic tolerance of high wind.
In May 2020, San Francisco officially sanctioned homeless encampments.
Starting in June 2020, reports were received of a loud hum produced by the new railing slats on the Golden Gate Bridge, heard across the city when a strong west wind was blowing.
As of 2020, the San Francisco metropolitan area, with 4.5 million residents, ranked 5th by GDP ($874 billion) and 2nd by GDP per capita ($131,082) across the OECD countries.
As of the 2020 census, the racial makeup of San Francisco included: 41.3% Whites, 33.9% Asians, 5.3% African Americans, 9.9% Multiracial Americans, and 15.6% Hispanic or Latino residents of any race.
During an average year between 1991 and 2020, San Francisco recorded a warmest night at 64 °F (18 °C) and a coldest day at 49 °F (9 °C).
In 2020, African Americans constituted about 5% of San Francisco's population, with most living in the neighborhoods of Bayview-Hunters Point, Visitacion Valley, and the Fillmore District.
In 2020, San Francisco Shock won a championship title.
In the proposed 2020-2021 budget the city budgeted $850 million for homelessness services.
The 2020 United States census showed San Francisco's population to be 873,965, an increase of 8.5% from the 2010 census.
As of 2021, sea levels are projected to rise by as much as 5 feet (1.5 m) in San Francisco, resulting in periodic flooding, rising groundwater levels, and lowland floods from more severe storms.
In 2021, San Francisco gained a reputation for car break-ins, with over 19,000 incidents reported.
In the proposed 2020-2021 budget the city budgeted $850 million for homelessness services.
As of the first quarter of 2022, the median value of homes in San Francisco County was $1,297,030, ranking third in the U.S. for counties with the highest median home value.
In 2022 a measure on the ballot passed to protect JFK drive in Golden Gate Park as a pedestrian and biking space with 59% of voters in favor.
In 2022, San Francisco had more than 1.7 million international visitors and approximately 20 million domestic ones.
In 2022, the Golden State Warriors won a championship, which was the franchise's first championship while residing in San Francisco proper.
In 2022, the San Francisco Art Institute, which was founded in 1871 and was the oldest art school west of the Mississippi, closed.
As of 2023, San Francisco is ranked first among U.S. cities proper with over 250,000 residents by per capita income and sixth by aggregate income. The San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland combined statistical area had an estimated population of over nine million in 2023.
As of 2023, the San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) is the eighth-largest transit system in the United States.
In 2023, GDP in the five-county San Francisco metropolitan area grew 3.4% in real terms to $779 billion. The 14-county San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland combined statistical area had a GDP of $1.397 trillion. As of 2023, San Francisco County ranked 11th by income per capita among U.S. counties, with a per capita personal income of $164,807.
In 2023, San Francisco proper had a GDP of $263.1 billion and a GDP per capita of $325,000. Some of the companies that reside in San Francisco are Salesforce, Uber, Airbnb, OpenAI, Levi's, Gap, Dropbox, and Lyft.
As of March 2024, Union Square was in "sorry shape" and had lost its traditional position as the Bay Area's regional shopping hub to Westfield Valley Fair in San Jose.
According to statistics released by SFPD in April 2024, the crime figures were down in the first 100 days of the year, namely in terms of robberies, burglaries and larceny. In the first half of 2024, San Francisco experienced a 32% decrease in overall crime compared to the previous year. Personal property theft saw a 41% reduction, and violent crimes, including gun-related incidents, decreased by 30%.
As of 2024, Salesforce is the largest private-sector employer in San Francisco, with 11,953 employees.
As of 2024, San Francisco has a population of 827,526 residents, making it the fourth-most populous city in California.
In 2024, San Francisco's Point-in-Time (PIT) count estimated the homeless population at approximately 8,323 individuals, with over 20,000 seeking homeless services.
San Francisco's Vision Zero plan, initiated in 2014, aims to end all traffic fatalities caused by motor vehicles within the city by 2024.
The 2024 Global Financial Centres Index ranked San Francisco as the fifth-most competitive financial center in the world.
San Francisco aims to divert 100% of waste from landfills by 2025.
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