San Francisco is a major commercial, financial, and cultural hub in Northern California. As of 2024, it's the fourth-most populous city in California and the 17th in the US, with over 827,000 residents. It's also the fifth-most densely populated US county. San Francisco boasts the highest per capita income among US cities with over 250,000 residents. It's at the center of the 13th-largest metropolitan area in the US with almost 4.6 million residents, and part of the larger San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland combined statistical area of over nine million.
Between 1870 and 1900, the creation of Golden Gate Park contributed to the development of the West Side of San Francisco.
In 1900, the first North American plague epidemic, known as the San Francisco plague, began.
Around 1901, San Francisco was a major city known for its flamboyant style, stately hotels, ostentatious mansions on Nob Hill, and a thriving arts scene.
In 1901, Golden Gate University, a private, nonsectarian university, was formed and located in the Financial District.
The San Francisco plague of 1900–1904 was the first North American plague epidemic.
On April 18, 1906, a major earthquake struck San Francisco and northern California, leading to widespread fires and destruction, leaving more than half of the city's population homeless.
In 1906, a major earthquake and subsequent fire destroyed three-quarters of San Francisco, leaving over half of the city's population homeless.
In 1906, the City Hall was located at what is now the site of An Historical Center of San Francisco monument in United Nations Plaza.
In 1906, the San Andreas Fault caused a significant earthquake in San Francisco, impacting the city's infrastructure development and building codes.
In the wake of the 1906 earthquake, wealthy San Franciscans built homes in Pacific Heights.
The Western Addition survived the 1906 earthquake with its Victorians largely intact, including the famous "Painted Ladies", standing alongside Alamo Square.
In 1910, the influential San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association or SPUR was founded to address the quality of housing after the earthquake.
In September 1912, Michael O'Shaughnessy was hired as chief engineer for the city to supervise several construction projects, including the Twin Peaks Reservoir and the San Francisco Municipal Railway.
Since 1912, the Bay to Breakers footrace has been held annually.
San Francisco was granted a perpetual leasehold over the Hetch Hetchy Valley and watershed in Yosemite National Park by the Raker Act in 1913.
In 1915, San Francisco celebrated its rebirth at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition.
San Francisco's streetcar system was pushed to completion by O'Shaughnessy between 1915 and 1927.
In 1918, the construction of the Twin Peaks Tunnel connected southwest neighborhoods to downtown via streetcar, spurring development in West Portal.
In 2012, San Francisco was ranked No. 1 in a study examining which U.S. metro areas have produced the most Major Leaguers since 1920.
San Francisco's streetcar system was pushed to completion by O'Shaughnessy between 1915 and 1927.
In the wake of the 1929 stock market crash, not a single San Francisco-based bank failed.
On December 11, 1932, the lowest recorded temperature in San Francisco was 27 °F (-3 °C).
In 1934, a 103-foot tall cross was built on top of Mount Davidson, San Francisco's tallest hill.
In 1936, San Francisco completed the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.
San Francisco celebrated its regained grandeur with the Golden Gate International Exposition in 1939–40.
In 1940, non-Hispanic White residents formed 92.5% of San Francisco's population.
In 1945, the United Nations Charter creating the United Nations was drafted and signed in San Francisco.
In December 1972, the coldest daytime high since the station's opening in 1945 was recorded at 37 °F (3 °C).
In 1946, the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) began playing as an All-America Football Conference (AAFC) league charter member.
By 2000, the city's population reached new highs, surpassing the previous record set in 1950.
From 1950 to 1980, San Francisco lost over 10 percent of its population.
In 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco re-established peaceful relations between Japan and the Allied Powers.
In 1955, Bill Russell led the San Francisco Dons basketball team to an NCAA championship.
In 1956, Bill Russell led the San Francisco Dons basketball team to an NCAA championship.
In 1958, Major League Baseball's San Francisco Giants moved from New York to San Francisco.
In 1959, San Francisco had fewer than thirty-three hundred first-class hotel rooms.
In 1962, the NBA's Golden State Warriors moved from Philadelphia to the San Francisco Bay Area and played as the San Francisco Warriors.
In 1967, San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district reached its peak with the Summer of Love.
In 1968, the California Institute of Integral Studies was founded, offering graduate programs in various schools.
In 1969, Bank of America completed 555 California Street in San Francisco.
In 1969, San Francisco's manufacturing sector employed nearly 60,000 workers.
By 1970, San Francisco had nine thousand first-class hotel rooms.
In 1971, KPOO, an independent, African-American owned and operated noncommercial radio station, was established.
In 1971, The Fillmore music venue closed its doors with a final performance by Santana.
In 1971, the Warriors were renamed the Golden State Warriors prior to the 1971–1972 season.
In December 1972, the coldest daytime high since the station's opening in 1945 was recorded at 37 °F (3 °C).
In 1972, the Transamerica Pyramid was completed in San Francisco, igniting a wave of "Manhattanization".
In 1972, the Warriors were renamed the Golden State Warriors prior to the 1971–1972 season.
San Francisco Pride events have been held continuously since 1972, with a new theme created each year.
In 1973, Sutro Tower was built between Mount Sutro and the Twin Peaks for KTVU, KRON, and KPIX.
In 1974, the Zebra murders left at least 16 people dead in San Francisco.
In 1975, the last serious Republican challenger for city office lost the mayoral election by a narrow margin, marking the beginning of Democratic dominance in city politics.
In 1976, San Francisco experienced snowfall, with up to 5 inches falling on Twin Peaks.
Since 1977, the number of San Franciscans employed by firms of more than 1,000 employees has fallen by half.
In 1978, Harvey Milk and Mayor George Moscone were assassinated in San Francisco.
In January 1980, Mayor Dianne Feinstein signed a sister cities agreement with Shanghai during a visit to China.
From 1950 to 1980, San Francisco lost over 10 percent of its population.
In 1980, San Francisco implemented one of the earliest curbside recycling programs.
Since 1980, the Escape from Alcatraz triathlon has been attracting top professional and amateur triathletes.
In 1981, the non-profit Friends of the Urban Forest was established, adding to San Francisco's active environmental community.
The San Francisco 49ers have won five Super Bowl titles between 1982 and 1995.
In 1984, the Folsom Street Fair (FSF), an annual BDSM and leather subculture street fair, started and is held in September.
Since 1988, San Francisco has not voted more than 20% for a Republican presidential or senatorial candidate.
After the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, city leaders demolished the Embarcadero Freeway.
During the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the Marina district experienced extensive damage due to soil liquefaction in landfill areas.
In 1989, San Francisco declared itself a sanctuary city.
Between 1990 and 2000, the number of foreign-born residents in San Francisco increased from 33% to nearly 40%.
In 1990, technology jobs accounted for just 1 percent of San Francisco's economy.
During an average year between 1991 and 2020, San Francisco recorded a warmest night at 64 °F (18 °C) and a coldest day at 49 °F (9 °C).
Since 1993, the San Francisco Department of Public Health has distributed 400,000 free syringes every month to reduce HIV and other health risks for drug users, as well as providing disposal sites and services.
In 1994, CNET was founded in San Francisco.
In 1994, The Fillmore music venue reopened with a show by the Smashing Pumpkins.
In 1995, Salon.com was founded in San Francisco.
In 1995, The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) moved to its current building in the South of Market neighborhood
The San Francisco 49ers have won five Super Bowl titles between 1982 and 1995.
In 1998, the Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts was founded as part of the California College of the Arts.
Between 1999 and 2000, San Francisco experienced a job growth rate of 4.9% due to the internet boom.
By 1999, San Francisco had more than thirty thousand first-class hotel rooms.
Between 1990 and 2000, the number of foreign-born residents in San Francisco increased from 33% to nearly 40%.
Between 1999 and 2000, San Francisco experienced a job growth rate of 4.9%, creating over 50,000 jobs in technology firms and internet content production.
By 2000, San Francisco's population reached new highs, surpassing the previous record set in 1950.
In 2000, 48.6% of San Francisco residents commuted by driving alone or carpooling in private vehicles.
In 2001, San Francisco saw the opening of City CarShare, a non-profit carsharing service, marking an early adoption of carsharing in America.
In 2013, 21 pedestrians were killed in vehicle collisions in San Francisco, the highest since 2001.
When the dot-com bubble burst in 2001, many startup companies in San Francisco folded and their employees were laid off.
From 2002 through 2013, Oracle Park hosted the annual Fight Hunger Bowl college football game.
In 2003, a 43-acre Mission Bay campus was opened, complementing the original UCSF facility in Parnassus Heights. This new campus contains research space and facilities intended to foster biotechnology and life sciences entrepreneurship, effectively doubling the size of UCSF's research enterprise.
In 2004, San Francisco approved a payroll tax exemption for biotechnology companies to foster growth in the Mission Bay neighborhood.
In 2004, the Small Business Commission started a publicity campaign to keep a larger share of retail dollars in the local San Francisco economy.
In 2006, small businesses with fewer than 10 employees and self-employed firms made up 85% of San Francisco city establishments.
In 2010, the Municipal Transportation Agency (MTA) annual bicycle count showed the number of cyclists at 33 locations had increased 58% from the 2006 baseline counts.
In 2007, San Francisco expanded its Medicaid and other indigent medical programs into the Healthy San Francisco program, which subsidizes certain medical services for eligible residents.
In 2007, San Francisco ranked third among American cities in median household income, with a value of $65,519.
In 2008, the MTA estimated that about 128,000 trips were made by bicycle each day in the city, or 6% of total trips.
In December 2010, the Sunset Reservoir Solar Project was completed, installing 24,000 solar panels on the roof of the reservoir. The 5-megawatt plant more than tripled the city's 2-megawatt solar generation capacity.
As of 2010, 55% (411,728) of San Francisco residents spoke only English at home, while 19% (140,302) spoke a variety of Chinese, 12% (88,147) Spanish, 3% (25,767) Tagalog, and 2% (14,017) Russian.
By 2010, technology jobs had grown to 4 percent of San Francisco's economy.
In 2010, residents of Chinese ethnicity constituted the largest single ethnic minority group in San Francisco at 21% of the population; other large Asian groups include Filipinos (5%) and Vietnamese (2%).
In 2010, the Municipal Transportation Agency (MTA) annual bicycle count showed the number of cyclists at 33 locations had increased 58% from the 2006 baseline counts.
The 2020 United States census showed San Francisco's population to be 873,965, an increase of 8.5% from the 2010 census.
As of 2014, San Francisco has seen a small resurgence in manufacturing, with more than 4,000 manufacturing jobs across 500 companies, doubling since 2011.
In 2011, Bloomberg West was launched from a studio on the Embarcadero in San Francisco.
In 2011, Ed Lee was selected by the board to finish the term of Gavin Newsom, who resigned to take office as Lieutenant Governor of California.
In 2011, San Francisco International Airport (SFO) was the eighth-busiest airport in the U.S. and the 22nd-busiest in the world, handling over 40.9 million passengers.
In 2011, San Francisco reported 50 murders, 134 rapes, 3,142 robberies, 2,139 assaults, 4,469 burglaries, 25,100 thefts, and 4,210 motor vehicle thefts.
In 2012, the San Francisco Giants won a World Series title. Also in 2012, San Francisco was ranked No. 1 in a study examining which U.S. metro areas have produced the most Major Leaguers since 1920.
In August 2013, Bay Area Bike Share launched with 700 bikes in downtown San Francisco, selected cities in the East Bay, and San Jose.
From 2002 through 2013, Oracle Park hosted the annual Fight Hunger Bowl college football game before it moved to Santa Clara.
In 2013, 21 pedestrians were killed in vehicle collisions in San Francisco, the highest since 2001.
In 2013, 25 pedestrians were killed by car and truck drivers, and 9 car drivers and passengers were killed in collisions.
In 2013, San Francisco attracted 423 financings worth US$4.58 billion in venture capital investments.
In 2013, San Francisco city officials strengthened the city's sanctuary stance with its 'Due Process for All' ordinance, which declared that local authorities could not hold immigrants for immigration offenses if they had no violent felonies on their records and did not currently face charges.
In 2013, San Francisco hosted the America's Cup yacht racing competition.
In 2013, The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) closed for renovation and expansion.
In 2013, a record low of 5.59 inches of rainfall was recorded at downtown San Francisco.
In 2013, over 1.5 million people attended San Francisco Pride events, around 500,000 more than the previous year.
In 2013, the SFJAZZ Center opened, hosting jazz performances year-round.
On September 25, 2014, the new Terminal Project at Pier 27 opened as a replacement for the old Pier 35.
A 2014 study by the Pew Research Center found that the largest religious groupings in San Francisco's metropolitan area are Christians (48%), followed by those of no religion (35%), Hindus (5%), Jews (3%), Buddhists (2%), Muslims (1%).
As of 2014, San Francisco has seen a small resurgence in manufacturing, with more than 4,000 manufacturing jobs across 500 companies.
In 2014, San Francisco committed to Vision Zero, with the goal of ending all traffic fatalities caused by motor vehicles within the city by 2024.
In 2014, a quality of life survey of global cities indicated that San Francisco had the highest quality of living of any U.S. city.
In 2014, only 41.3% of San Francisco residents commuted by driving alone or carpooling in private vehicles.
In 2014, the San Francisco 49ers moved approximately 50 miles south to Santa Clara, and began playing its home games at Levi's Stadium.
In the first six months of 2015, San Francisco saw 25 murders, compared to 14 in the first six months of 2014.
On June 2, 2015, the median rent in San Francisco was reported to be $4,225, reflecting the exceptionally high cost of living in the city.
In 2015, CNBC began broadcasting from One Market Plaza in San Francisco.
In the first six months of 2015, San Francisco saw 25 murders, compared to 14 in the first six months of 2014.
Survey data released in 2015 by Gallup placed the proportion of LGBT adults in the San Francisco metro area at 6.2%, which is the highest proportion of the 50 most populous metropolitan areas as measured by the polling organization.
The City of San Francisco spends more per resident than any city other than Washington, D.C., over $10,000 in FY 2015–2016.
The Golden State Warriors made five consecutive NBA Finals from 2015 to 2019, winning three of them.
On May 14, 2016, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) reopened after renovation and expansion, featuring an addition designed by Snøhetta that doubled the museum's size.
According to the San Francisco Police Department, there were 59 murders in the city in 2016, marking a 13.5% increase from the 52 homicides in 2015.
By 2016, San Francisco was rated low by small businesses in a Business Friendliness Survey.
In 2016, San Francisco attracted the fifth-highest number of foreign tourists of any city in the United States, with more than 25 million visitors adding US$9.96 billion to the economy.
In 2016, approximately 27% of San Francisco workers were employed in professional business services; 14% in leisure and hospitality; 13% in government services; 12% in education and health care; 11% in trade, transportation, and utilities; and 8% in financial activities.
In 2016–17, San Francisco's spending to service the growing population homelessness crisis jumped by $241 million to total $275 million.
The municipal budget for fiscal year 2015–16 was $8.99 billion, and is one of the largest city budgets in the United States.
On September 1, 2017, the highest recorded temperature at the official National Weather Service downtown observation station was 106 °F (41 °C).
On December 12, 2017, San Francisco Board of Supervisors President London Breed temporarily replaced Ed Lee as mayor after he died.
In 2017, a major expansion of Bay Area Bike Share occurred, along with a rebranding as Ford GoBike.
In 2017, the Overwatch League's San Francisco Shock Esports team was established.
In 2017, the homeless count in San Francisco was 6,858 people. In 2017-18 the budget for combatting homelessness stood at $305 million.
In January 2018, a United Nations special rapporteur on homelessness, Leilani Farha, expressed being "completely shocked" by San Francisco's homelessness crisis during a visit.
On January 23, 2018, Supervisor Mark Farrell was appointed by the Board of Supervisors to finish Ed Lee's term as mayor.
According to a 2018 study by the Jewish Community Federation of San Francisco, Jews make up 10% (80,000) of the city's population, making Judaism the second-largest religion in San Francisco after Christianity.
As of 2018, the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area's population is over 9.6 million, making it the fifth-largest in the United States.
During the first half of 2018, complaints about human feces on San Francisco sidewalks were the second-most-frequent complaint of city residents, with about 65 calls per day.
In 2018, San Francisco was ranked fifth in the U.S. for park access and quality in the ParkScore ranking of the top 100 park systems across the United States.
In 2018, it was noted that an emigration of middle-class families has left San Francisco with a lower proportion of children than any other large American city, and the dog population was cited as exceeding the child population of 115,000.
As of 2019, 2.6% of the city's streets have protected bike lanes, with 28 miles of protected bike lanes in the city.
In 2019, 42 people were killed in traffic collisions in San Francisco.
In 2019, Chase Center opened as the new home of the Golden State Warriors in the Mission Bay area.
In 2019, Ford GoBike rebranded as Bay Wheels.
In 2019, a point-in-time street and shelter count in San Francisco counted 8,035 homeless people. In the 2019–2020 budget year, the city budgeted $368 million for homelessness services.
In 2019, the San Francisco Shock won an Overwatch League championship title.
Starting in 2019, the railings on the west side of the pedestrian walkway of the Golden Gate Bridge were replaced with thinner, more flexible slats as part of the retrofitting process.
The Golden State Warriors made five consecutive NBA Finals from 2015 to 2019, winning three of them.
In May 2020, San Francisco officially sanctioned homeless encampments.
Starting in June 2020, reports were received of a loud hum produced by the new railing slats on the Golden Gate Bridge.
As of 2020, the San Francisco metropolitan area, with 4.5 million residents, ranked 5th by GDP ($874 billion) and 2nd by GDP per capita ($131,082) across the OECD countries.
As of the 2020 census, the racial makeup and population of San Francisco included: 361,382 Whites (41.3%), 296,505 Asians (33.9%), 46,725 African Americans (5.3%), 86,233 Multiracial Americans (9.9%), 6,475 Native Americans and Alaska Natives (0.7%), 3,476 Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (0.4%) and 73,169 persons of other races (8.4%). There were 136,761 Hispanic or Latino residents of any race (15.6%).
During an average year between 1991 and 2020, San Francisco recorded a warmest night at 64 °F (18 °C) and a coldest day at 49 °F (9 °C).
In 2020, African Americans constituted about 5% of San Francisco's population, a decreasing share since the 1970s.
In 2020, the San Francisco Shock won an Overwatch League championship title, marking their second back-to-back win.
In the proposed 2020–2021 budget, San Francisco budgeted $850 million for homelessness services.
The 2020 United States census showed San Francisco's population to be 873,965, an increase of 8.5% from the 2010 census.
As of 2021, sea levels are projected to rise by as much as 5 feet (1.5 m) in San Francisco, leading to flooding and rising groundwater levels.
In 2021, San Francisco had over 19,000 car break-ins.
In 2021, Walk Score ranked San Francisco the most walkable city in the United States.
In the proposed 2020–2021 budget, San Francisco budgeted $850 million for homelessness services.
As of the first quarter of 2022, the median value of homes in San Francisco County was $1,297,030, ranking it third in the U.S. for counties with the highest median home value.
In 2022 a measure on the ballot passed to protect JFK drive in Golden Gate Park as a pedestrian and biking space with 59% of voters in favor.
In 2022, San Francisco had more than 1.7 million international visitors and approximately 20 million domestic ones.
In 2022, the Golden State Warriors won the franchise's first championship while residing in San Francisco proper.
In 2022, the San Francisco Art Institute, which was founded in 1871, closed.
As of 2023, the San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) is the eighth-largest transit system in the United States.
In 2023, GDP in the five-county San Francisco metropolitan area grew 3.4% in real terms to $779 billion. Also in 2023, the 14-county San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland combined statistical area had a GDP of $1.397 trillion, ranking 3rd among CSAs. As of 2023, San Francisco County ranked 11th by income per capita among U.S. counties, with a per capita personal income of $164,807.
In 2023, San Francisco is ranked first by per capita income and sixth by aggregate income among U.S. cities with over 250,000 residents. San Francisco anchors the 13th-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S., with almost 4.6 million residents in 2023. The San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland combined statistical area, the fifth-largest urban region in the U.S., had a 2023 estimated population of over nine million.
In 2023, San Francisco proper had a GDP of $263.1 billion and a GDP per capita of $325,000. The city is home to numerous companies—many in the technology sector—including Salesforce, Uber, Airbnb, OpenAI, Levi's, Gap, Dropbox, and Lyft.
According to statistics released by SFPD in April 2024, crime figures were down in the first 100 days of the year in terms of robberies, burglaries and larceny.
As of 2024, San Francisco has a population of 827,526 residents, making it the fourth-most populous city in California.
As of 2024, the largest private-sector employer in San Francisco is Salesforce, with 11,953 employees.
In 2014, San Francisco committed to Vision Zero, with the goal of ending all traffic fatalities caused by motor vehicles within the city by 2024.
In 2024, San Francisco's Point-in-Time (PIT) count indicated that the homeless population was approximately 8,323 individuals.
The 2024 Global Financial Centres Index ranked San Francisco as the fifth-most competitive financial center in the world.
San Francisco aims to divert 100% of waste from landfills by 2025 as part of its ambitious zero-waste goal.
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