Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula, encompassing Jan Mayen and Svalbard. With a population of 5.6 million, its capital is Oslo. Covering 385,207 square kilometers, it borders Sweden to the east, and Finland and Russia to the northeast. It has an extensive coastline along the Skagerrak strait, the North Atlantic Ocean, and the Barents Sea. Bouvet Island is a dependency and Norway claims Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land in Antarctica.
In 1900, Norway first participated at the Olympic Games.
In 1902, Norway abolished the death penalty for regular criminal acts.
In 1904, Norway did not participate at the Olympic Games.
In June 1905, Christian Michelsen, the Prime Minister of Norway, played a key role in the peaceful separation of Norway from Sweden.
In 1905, Norway ended its personal union with Sweden, which had been in place since 1814.
In 1907, Christian Michelsen's term as Prime Minister of Norway ended. He had been Prime Minister since 1905.
In 1913, women in Norway were granted universal suffrage, following the granting of suffrage to men in 1898.
In April 1940, Norway, despite proclaiming neutrality in the Second World War, was invaded by German forces.
In June 1940, following their king to Britain, a small group of Norwegians, including 500 men from the Royal Norwegian Navy, left Norway to join the Allied forces during World War II. They had 13 ships and 5 aircraft.
From 1945, the Labour Party held an absolute majority in the parliament, and the government, led by prime minister Einar Gerhardsen, embarked on a programme inspired by Keynesian economics, emphasising state financed industrialisation and co-operation between trade unions and employers' organisations.
In 1947, Norway received Marshall Plan aid from the United States.
In 1948, the Labour Party distanced itself from the Communists after their seizure of power in Czechoslovakia and strengthened its foreign policy and defence policy ties with the US.
On 4 April 1949, Norway became one of the founding nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
In 1949, Norway became a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
In 1949, the rationing of dairy products was lifted in Norway, however, rationing of housing and cars continued.
In 1960, price controls and rationing of housing and cars ended in Norway.
In 1962, Norway issued applications for accession to the European Union (EU) and its predecessors.
Until 1962, the Labour Party held an absolute majority in the parliament.
Between 1966 and 2013, Norwegian companies drilled 5,085 oil wells, mostly in the North Sea.
In 1967, Norway issued applications for accession to the European Union (EU) and its predecessors.
In 1967, oil was discovered at the small Balder field in Norway, but production only began in 1999.
In 1969, the Phillips Petroleum Company discovered petroleum resources at the Ekofisk field west of Norway.
In 1972, Norway was invited to join the European Union, but ultimately declined after a referendum that failed by narrow margins.
In 1972, Norwegians rejected proposals to join the European Union (EU) in a referendum.
In 1972, the Norwegian electorate rejected the treaties of accession in referendums.
In 1973, the Norwegian government founded the State oil company, Statoil (now Equinor).
Around 1975, both the proportion and absolute number of workers in industry peaked in Norway.
In 1979, Norway abolished the death penalty for high treason in war and war crimes.
In 1980, Norway participated in the American-led boycott of the Summer Olympics in Moscow.
In 1981, a Conservative Party government led by Kåre Willoch replaced the Labour Party with a policy of stimulating the stagflated economy with tax cuts, economic liberalisation, deregulation of markets, and measures to curb record-high inflation (13.6% in 1981).
In 1987, the women's team won a UEFA European Women's Championship title.
In 1990, Norway was the first country to recognize ILO-convention 169 on indigenous people recommended by the UN.
In 1990, the Norwegian constitution was amended to grant absolute primogeniture to the Norwegian throne, meaning the eldest child, regardless of gender, takes precedence in succession.
Between 1991 and 2020, Saltdal Municipality in Nordland was the driest place in Norway with 211 millimetres (8.3 inches) precipitation annually.
In 1991, Harald V of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg ascended to the Norwegian throne.
In 1992, Norway issued applications for accession to the European Union (EU) and its predecessors.
In 1993, Norway became the second country to legalize civil union partnerships for same-sex couples.
After the 1994 referendum, Norway maintained its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA), granting the country access to the internal market of the Union.
In 1994, Norway was invited to join the European Union for a second time, but ultimately declined after a referendum that failed by narrow margins.
In 1994, Norwegians again rejected proposals to join the European Union (EU) in a referendum.
In 1994, the Norwegian electorate rejected the treaties of accession in referendums.
In 1995, the Norwegian government established the sovereign wealth fund, known as the "Government Pension Fund – Global," to be funded with oil revenues.
In 1995, the women's national team won the FIFA Women's World Cup. The highest FIFA ranking Norway achieved was second.
In 1998, the women's handball national team won the European Championship.
In 1999, oil production began at the Balder field, where oil was discovered in 1967.
In 1999, the women's handball national team won the World Championship.
In 2000, the women's national team won the Olympic Football Tournament. The men's national football team also participated in the European Championship.
Public healthcare in Norway is free after an annual charge of around 2000 kroner for those over 16.
In 2004, the women's handball national team won the European Championship.
From 2005, Jens Stoltenberg led Norway as prime minister for eight years.
In 2005, the Labour Party came into power in Norway after the election, forming a Red–Green Coalition with the Socialist Left Party and the Centre Party.
In 2006, the women's handball national team won the European Championship.
In 2007, The state lost a battle at the European Court of Human Rights at Strasbourg regarding Christianity subject at schools in Norway.
In 2007, a total of 41,089,675 passengers passed through Norwegian airports, of whom 13,397,458 were international.
In 2007, the Norwegian government controlled approximately 62% ownership in Equinor.
In 2008, the women's handball national team won the Summer Olympics championship.
On 1 January 2009, Norway became the sixth country to legalize same-sex marriage.
According to 2009 mobilisation plans, full mobilisation produces approximately 83,000 combatant personnel.
In 2009, Norway reclaimed first place in the world in the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI).
According to a 2010 study, the OECD ranks Norway third in intergenerational earnings elasticity.
In 2010, 2,398 species in Norway were listed as endangered or vulnerable, with 1,250 listed as vulnerable (VU), 871 as endangered (EN), and 276 species as critically endangered (CR), including the grey wolf, the Arctic fox, and the pool frog.
In 2010, the red list of species in Norway encompassed 4,599 species.
In 2010, the women's handball national team won the European Championship.
Since 2010, Norway has been classified as the world's most democratic country by the Democracy Index.
In 2011, 28% of state revenues in Norway were generated from the petroleum industry.
In 2011, Norway suffered two terrorist attacks by Anders Behring Breivik which struck the government quarter in Oslo and a summer camp of the Labour party's youth movement at Utøya island, resulting in 77 deaths and 319 wounded.
In 2011, the women's handball national team won the World Championship.
In 2012, the rule requiring more than half of the Prime Minister's cabinet members to be members of the Church of Norway was removed.
In 2012, the women's handball national team won the Summer Olympics championship.
In September 2013, the political parties Høyre and Fremskrittspartiet were elected in Norway, promising tax cuts, increased spending on infrastructure and education, improved services, and stricter immigration rules. Erna Solberg became prime minister.
As of 2013, ice hockey was the biggest indoor sport in Norway.
Between 1966 and 2013, Norwegian companies drilled 5,085 oil wells, mostly in the North Sea.
In 2013, Magnus Carlsen, a Norwegian, became the world chess champion.
In 2013, Norway became the first country in Europe and NATO to draft women as well as men into the armed forces.
In 2013, Norway's mineral production was valued at US$1.5 billion.
The 2013 Norwegian parliamentary election brought a more conservative government to power, with the Conservative Party and the Progress Party winning 43% of the electorate's votes.
The OECD ranks Norway fourth in the 2013 equalised Better Life Index.
In March 2014, Norway became the first country where over 1 in every 100 passenger cars on the roads is a plug-in electric.
In 2014 at the UN Climate Summit, Norway declared its intention to ban deforestation.
In 2014, the women's handball national team won the European Championship.
On 12 June 2015, Norway formally annexed the unclaimed area between Queen Maud Land and the South Pole.
In 2015, the women's handball national team won the World Championship.
According to a report by Dagens Næringsliv in June 2016, Norway would like to ban sales of gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles as early as 2025.
In 2016, Norway hosted the Winter Youth Olympics in Lillehammer, making Norway the first country to host both Winter regular and Youth Olympics.
As of January 2017, the Church of Norway became a separate legal entity, and no longer a branch of the civil service.
In 2017, Norway's centre-right government won re-election in the Norwegian parliamentary election.
In 2017, the Government Pension Fund controlled assets surpassed a value of US$1 trillion, about 250% of Norway's 2017 GDP.
In 2017, the Norway national handball team reached the finals of the IHF World Men's Handball Championship.
In 2017, the budgetary rule limiting spending from the Government Pension Fund was lowered to 3% of the fund's total value.
In the 2017 Norwegian parliamentary election, the centre-right government of Prime Minister Erna Solberg won re-election.
As of January 2018, the men's national bandy team has captured one silver and one bronze, while the women's national team has managed five bronzes at the World Championships.
In 2018, Norway featured a women's national team in beach volleyball that competed at the CEV Beach Volleyball Continental Cup.
In 2019, the Norway national handball team reached the finals of the IHF World Men's Handball Championship.
Norway had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.98/10, ranking it 60th globally out of 172 countries.
Between 1991 and 2020, Saltdal Municipality in Nordland was the driest place in Norway with 211 millimetres (8.3 inches) precipitation annually.
In 2020, a men's national team in beach volleyball at the Summer Olympics won a gold medal.
In the early 2020's, Men's handball experienced a boom in Norway, with star players including Sander Sagosen and Magnus Abelvik Rød.
On 14 October 2021, Norway's new centre-left cabinet under Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre, the leader of the Labour Party, took office.
In 2021, Jonas Gahr Støre assumed the position of Prime Minister of Norway.
In the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election, there was a big win for the left-wing opposition; Labour leader Jonas Gahr Støre was sworn in as prime minister.
As of 2023, 10.6% of the population aged 18–67 receive a disability benefit.
Foreign Policy magazine ranks Norway last in its Failed States Index for 2023, judging Norway to be the world's most well-functioning and stable country.
In 2023, Magnus Carlsen was no longer the world chess champion. He had been the world chess champion between 2013 and 2023.
In 2023, the railways transported 78,220,000 passengers, 3,153 million passenger-kilometres, and 32,230,000 tonnes of cargo for 3,928 million tonne-kilometres in Norway.
In the 2023-24 season, Kolstad Håndball had among the highest group stage average crowds in the EHF Champions League.
In the 2024 World Press Freedom Index by Reporters Without Borders, Norway was ranked in first place out of 180 countries.
In the 2024-25 season, Kolstad Håndball had among the highest group stage average crowds in the EHF Champions League.
The 2024 Environmental Performance Index from Yale University, Columbia University and the World Economic Forum put Norway in seventh place.
As of February 2025, Norway has an unemployment rate of 3.9%, with 69.7% of the population aged 15–74 employed.
According to a report by Dagens Næringsliv in June 2016, Norway would like to ban sales of gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles as early as 2025.
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