History of Oman in Timeline

Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is located on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in West Asia and the Middle East. It shares borders with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Its capital and largest city is Muscat. As of 2024, Oman has a population of approximately 5.28 million, a 4.60% increase from 2023. The country's coast borders the Arabian Sea to the southeast and the Gulf of Oman to the northeast. Oman includes the exclaves of Madha and Musandam, which are surrounded by the United Arab Emirates. Musandam's coastlines are defined by the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman.

1913: Anti-Muscat Rebellion

In 1913, Imam Salim Alkharusi instigated an anti-Muscat rebellion.

1920: Treaty of Seeb Signed

In 1920, the Sultanate established peace with the Imamate by signing the Treaty of Seeb, brokered by Britain, granting autonomous rule to the Imamate in the interior of Oman.

January 1923: Agreement with British Government

On January 10, 1923, an agreement was signed between the Sultanate and the British government, requiring the Sultanate to consult with the British political agent and obtain approval from the High Government of India for oil extraction.

July 1928: Red Line Agreement Signed

On July 31, 1928, the Red Line Agreement was signed between major oil companies to collectively produce oil in the post-Ottoman Empire region, including the Arabian Peninsula.

1929: Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) Established

In 1929, the members of the Red Line Agreement established Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC).

November 1931: Sultan Taimur bin Faisal Abdicates

On November 13, 1931, Sultan Taimur bin Faisal abdicated.

February 1932: Said bin Taimur Becomes Sultan

On February 10, 1932, Said bin Taimur officially became the Sultan of Muscat, backed by the British government.

1937: Oil Concessions Agreement with IPC

In 1937, an agreement between the sultan and Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) was signed to grant oil concessions to IPC, leading to IPC's interest in the Fahud area and support for the sultan's armed force against potential resistance.

September 10, 1939: Oman Declares War on Germany

On September 10, 1939, upon the outbreak of World War II, the sultan of Oman declared war on Germany.

October 16, 1943: Sinking of German U-Boat U-533

On October 16, 1943, the German U-Boat U-533 was sunk in the Gulf of Oman by a Bristol Blenheim from No. 244 Squadron RAF.

1946: British Support for Sultan's Attack on the Interior

In 1946, the British government offered arms, ammunition, supplies, and officers to prepare the sultan to attack the interior of Oman.

December 1951: Treaty of Friendship with the UK

In December 1951, the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Oman and the United Kingdom recognized the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman as a fully independent state.

May 1954: Death of Imam Alkhalili and Election of Ghalib Alhinai

In May 1954, Imam Alkhalili died, and Ghalib Alhinai was elected Imam, leading to strained relations with Sultan Said bin Taimur over oil concessions.

December 1955: Sultanate Troops Occupy Imamate Centers

In December 1955, Sultan Said bin Taimur sent troops to occupy the main centers in Oman, including Nizwa, the capital of the Imamate, initiating conflict with the Imamate forces.

1955: Makran Strip Accession to Pakistan

In 1955, the exclave coastal Makran strip acceded to Pakistan and was made a district of its Balochistan province, while Gwadar remained in Oman.

July 1957: Withdrawal of Sultan's Forces and British Intervention

In July 1957, the Sultan's forces were withdrawing, but they were repeatedly ambushed, sustaining heavy casualties. Sultan Said, however, with the intervention of British infantry (two companies of the Cameronians), armoured car detachments from the British Army and RAF aircraft, was able to suppress the rebellion.

August 1957: Approval for British Air Strikes

On 4 August 1957, the British Foreign Secretary gave the approval to carry out air strikes without prior warning to the locals residing in the interior of Oman.

September 1958: Pakistan Purchases Gwadar

On 8 September 1958, Pakistan purchased the Gwadar enclave from Oman for US$3 million.

December 1958: British RAF Raids on Interior of Oman

Between July and December 1958, the British RAF made 1,635 raids on the interior of Oman, targeting insurgents, villages, water channels, and crops.

January 1959: Sultanate Forces Occupy Jebel Akhdar

On 27 January 1959, the Sultanate's forces occupied the mountain in a surprise operation, leading to the escape of Imam Ghalib and others to Saudi Arabia.

December 1963: UN Establishes Ad-Hoc Committee on Oman

On 11 December 1963, the UN General Assembly decided to establish an Ad-Hoc Committee on Oman to study the 'Question of Oman'.

1963: Start of Dhofar War

In 1963, the Dhofar War began, pitting pro-Soviet forces against government troops in Oman.

1965: UN General Assembly Resolution on Oman

In 1965, the UN General Assembly adopted the 'Question of Oman' resolution, calling for an end to repressive actions and British control, and reaffirming the right to self-determination.

1966: UN General Assembly Resolution on Oman

In 1966, the UN General Assembly adopted the 'Question of Oman' resolution, calling for an end to repressive actions and British control, and reaffirming the right to self-determination.

1967: UN General Assembly Resolution on Oman

In 1967, the UN General Assembly adopted the 'Question of Oman' resolution, calling for an end to repressive actions and British control, and reaffirming the right to self-determination.

1969: Madha boundary settled

In 1969, the boundary of Madha, an Omani exclave, was settled.

July 1970: Oman Radio Begins Broadcasting

On July 1970, Oman Radio, the first and only state-owned radio channel, began broadcasting.

1970: Sultan Qaboos Rise to Power

In 1970, Qaboos bin Said became the Sultan of Oman.

1970: Deposition of Sultan Said bin Taimur

In 1970, Sultan Said bin Taimur was deposed in a bloodless coup by his son Qaboos bin Said, who then expanded the armed forces and introduced reforms.

1970: Royal decrees since 1970

Since 1970 all legislation in Oman has been promulgated through royal decrees.

1970: Moderate foreign policy pursued

Since 1970, Oman has pursued a moderate foreign policy and expanded its diplomatic relations.

1971: Oman Joins the United Nations

In 1971, Oman joined the United Nations.

1976: End of Dhofar War

In 1976, the Dhofar War ended with the help of forces from Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan, and Britain.

1979: Oman doubled oil output

Following the 1970s energy crisis, Oman doubled their oil output between 1979 and 1985.

1981: Founding Member of the Gulf Cooperation Council

In 1981, Oman became a founding member of the six-nation Gulf Cooperation Council.

1984: Establishment of Oman Centre for Traditional Music

In 1984, the Oman Centre for Traditional Music was established to preserve traditional Omani songs and dances.

1985: Oman doubled oil output

Following the 1970s energy crisis, Oman doubled their oil output between 1979 and 1985.

1985: Royal Oman Symphony Orchestra founded

In 1985, Sultan Qaboos founded the Royal Oman Symphony Orchestra.

July 1987: Royal Oman Symphony Orchestra Inaugural Concert

On July 1, 1987, the Royal Oman Symphony Orchestra gave its inaugural concert at the Al Bustan Palace Hotel's Oman Auditorium.

1990: Road incident death rates

Since 1990, Oman's road incident death rates has been decreasing, from 98.9 per 100,000 individuals to 47.1 per 100,000 in 2017.

1993: Access to healthcare

In 1993, 89 percent of the population of Oman had access to health care services.

1993: Establishment of the Omani Society for Fine Arts

In 1993, the Omani Society for Fine Arts was established, offering educational programmes, workshops, and artist grants.

1995: Adoption of Present National Flag

In 1995, Oman adopted its present national flag, resembling the previous flag but with a thicker stripe.

1995: 2020 Vision established

Oman had a 2020 Vision to diversify the economy established in 1995, which targeted a decrease in oil's share to less than 10 percent of GDP by 2020, but it was rendered obsolete in 2011.

1995: Vaccination rates

Since 1995, the percentage of Omani children who receive key vaccines has consistently been very high (above 99 percent).

1996: Basic Law Promulgated

In 1996, Oman's Basic Law was promulgated through royal decrees.

1996: Basic Statute of the State issued

In 1996, Oman's Basic Statute of the State was issued, operating as a constitution for the country.

1997: Women Granted Right to Vote

In 1997, a royal decree was issued granting women the right to vote and stand for election to the Majlis al-Shura.

1998: Bait Al Zubair Museum Opened

In 1998, Bait Al Zubair Museum, a private, family-funded museum, opened to the public.

1998: Plans to diversify its economy

Since a slump in oil prices in 1998, Oman has made active plans to diversify its economy.

1999: Bait Al Zubair Museum Received Award

In 1999, Bait Al Zubair Museum received Sultan Qaboos' Award for Architectural Excellence.

2000: Fish exports

Between 2000 and 2016, Omani fish exports grew from US$144 million to US$172 million.

2000: Access to healthcare and WHO ranking

In 2000, 99 percent of the population of Oman had access to health care services, and Oman's health system was ranked number 8 by the WHO.

2000: Bait Muzna Gallery Established

In 2000, Bait Muzna Gallery was established by Sayyida Susan Al Said as the first art gallery in Oman.

2000: Oil production level

In 2000, Oman's oil production was at 972,000 barrels per day.

2000: Royal Navy manpower

In 2000, The Royal Navy of Oman had 4,200 men.

2001: Endangered species in Oman

In 2001, Oman had nine endangered species of mammals, five endangered types of birds, and nineteen threatened plant species.

2002: Voting Rights Extended to All Citizens Over 21

In 2002, voting rights were extended to all citizens over the age of 21.

2003: Oman Organizes Olympic Days

In 2003, the Oman Olympic Committee played a major part in organising the highly successful Olympic Days.

2003: First Elections to the Consultative Assembly

In 2003, the first elections to the Consultative Assembly under the new rules were held.

2003: Undernourished share of the population

Since 2003, Oman's undernourished share of the population has dropped from 11.7 percent to 5.4 percent in 2016.

October 2004: Ministry of Sports Affairs Set Up

In October 2004, the Omani government set up a Ministry of Sports Affairs to replace the General Organisation for Youth, Sports and Cultural Affairs.

2004: First Female Minister Appointed

In 2004, the Sultan appointed Oman's first female minister with portfolio, Sheikha Aisha bint Khalfan bin Jameel al-Sayabiyah.

2005: Arrests and Convictions of Suspected Islamists

In 2005, nearly 100 suspected Islamists were arrested, and 31 people were convicted of trying to overthrow the government, but they were ultimately pardoned in June of the same year.

2006: Ratio of exported fish

Between 2006 and 2016, the ratio of exported fish to total fish captured in tons fluctuated between 49 and 61 percent.

2006: Oman had ten surface combat vessels

In 2006, Oman had ten surface combat vessels.

2006: Military manpower totalled 44,100

In 2006, Oman's military manpower totalled 44,100, including army, navy, and air force personnel, plus Royal Household Guards and a paramilitary force.

2006: Army had 25,000 active personnel

In 2006, The Royal Army of Oman had 25,000 active personnel in 2006, plus a small contingent of Royal Household troops.

2006: Release of Al-Boom

In 2006, one Omani film, Al-Boom, was released.

2006: Steady date exports

Oman's date exports remained steady between 2006 and 2016.

2007: Small cinema of Oman

As of 2007, the cinema of Oman was very small, with only one Omani film, Al-Boom (2006).

2007: Oman ordered three Khareef class corvettes

In 2007, Oman ordered three Khareef class corvettes from the VT Group for £400 million.

2007: Oil production decline

In 2007, oil production in Oman fell to 714,800 barrels per day.

2007: Arabian Oryx Sanctuary area reduced

In 2007, the Omani government decided to reduce the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary's area by 90% to clear the way for oil prospectors.

April 2008: Middle East Torch Relay Stop

On 14 April 2008, before the Beijing Olympics, Oman became the stop of the Middle East's torch relay, covering 20 kilometres.

2008: Natural gas production

In 2008, Oman's natural gas production was approximately 24 billion cubic metres per year.

January 2009: Oman Wins Arabian Gulf Cup

From 4 to 17 January 2009, the 19th Arabian Gulf Cup took place in Muscat, and was won by the Omani national football team.

January 2009: Majan TV broadcasting

Majan TV, the first private TV channel in Oman, began broadcasting in January 2009.

January 2009: Free-trade agreement with the United States took effect

On January 1, 2009, a free-trade agreement with the United States took effect, eliminating tariff barriers and protecting foreign businesses in Oman.

2009: Oil production recovery

In 2009, Oman's oil production recovered to 816,000 barrels per day.

2009: Tourism Revenue

In 2009, tourism revenue was RO 505 million (US$1.3 billion).

2010: Military expenditures at 8.5% of GDP

In 2010 Oman spent US$4.074 billion on military expenditures, 8.5% of the gross domestic product.

2010: Muscat Hosted Asian Beach Games

In 2010, Muscat hosted the 2010 Asian Beach Games.

2010: Life expectancy

In 2010, life expectancy at birth in Oman was estimated to be 76.1 years, and there were an estimated 2.1 physicians and 2.1 hospital beds per 1,000 people.

2010: United Nations Development Programme Ranking

In 2010, the United Nations Development Programme ranked Oman as the most-improved country in the world in terms of development during the preceding 40 years.

2010: Adult literacy rate

In 2010, the adult literacy rate in Oman was 86.9 percent.

2010: Majan TV website last updated

The official channel website of Majan TV was last updated in early 2010.

February 2011: Protests dispersed by riot police

In February 2011, protests inspired by the Arab Spring, demanding political reforms and improved conditions, were dispersed by riot police in Oman.

October 2011: Elections held to the Consultative Assembly

In October 2011, elections were held to the Consultative Assembly in Oman, after Sultan Qaboos promised greater powers to the assembly.

2011: Low percentage of Omanis employed in construction and manufacturing sectors

As of the 2011 statistics, the percentage of Omanis employed in the construction and manufacturing sectors was low.

2011: Research & development expenditures to GDP

Between 2011 and 2015, Oman's share of research & development expenditures to GDP averaged 0.20 percent.

2011: Oman Hosted Asian FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup Qualifiers

In 2011, Oman hosted the Asian FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup qualifiers.

2011: Discovery at Aybut Al Auwal

In 2011, at Aybut Al Auwal in Oman, a site was discovered containing stone tools belonging to the late Nubian Complex, dating back 106,000 years, suggesting early human migration from Africa to Arabia during the Late Pleistocene.

2011: Amendment to Basic Statute in response to protests

In 2011, the Basic Statute of the State in Oman was amended in response to protests.

2011: Philippines determined Oman as safe

In 2011, the Philippines government determined that only Oman and Israel qualify as safe for Filipino migrants, out of all the countries in the Middle East.

2011: 2020 Vision rendered obsolete

Oman's 2020 Vision to diversify the economy established in 1995, which targeted a decrease in oil's share to less than 10 percent of GDP by 2020, was rendered obsolete in 2011.

September 2012: Trials of activists began

In September 2012, trials began for activists in Oman, accused of online criticism of the government; six were jailed.

2012: Oman was the 23rd largest arms importer

According to SIPRI, Oman was the 23rd largest arms importer from 2012 to 2016.

2012: Recognition for Muscat

In 2012, Muscat, the capital of Oman, was named the second best city to visit in the world by Lonely Planet, and chosen as the Capital of Arab Tourism of 2012.

2012: Oman Hosted Beach Handball World Championships

In 2012, Oman hosted the Men's and Women's Beach Handball World Championships at the Millennium Resort in Mussanah, from 8 to 13 July.

2012: Oil Production Increases

In 2012, oil production in Oman increased to 930,000 barrels per day.

2012: Prisoners complained of torture methods

In 2012, several prisoners detained in Oman complained of sleep deprivation, extreme temperatures and solitary confinement.

2013: Oman eliminates malaria

In 2013, Oman achieved its status as having eliminated malaria diagnoses, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).

March 2014: First "El Clasico" Played Outside of Spain

On 14 March 2014, the first "El Clasico" to be played outside of Spain, was played at the Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex.

2014: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development report

According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 2014 report, accreditation standards and mechanisms with a quality control that focuses on input assessments, rather than output, are areas of improvement in Oman.

2014: Traditional dress

As of 2014 in Oman women reserve wearing their traditional dress for special occasions, and instead wear a loose black cloak called an abaya over their personal choice of clothing.

November 2015: Viral music video about Oman

In November 2015, a seven-minute music video about Oman went viral, achieving 500,000 views on YouTube within 10 days of being released.

2015: Research & development expenditures to GDP

Between 2011 and 2015, Oman's share of research & development expenditures to GDP averaged 0.20 percent.

2015: Coverage of essential health services

In 2015, Oman's coverage of essential health services was 77 percent.

2015: Oman's health spending to GDP

Oman's health spending to GDP between 2015 and 2016 averaged 4.3 percent, while the world's average during the same period was 10 percent.

July 2016: Opening of the National Museum of Oman

On 30 July 2016, the National Museum of Oman opened with 14 permanent galleries.

2016: Oman was the 23rd largest arms importer

According to SIPRI, Oman was the 23rd largest arms importer from 2012 to 2016.

2016: Mortality due to air pollution

As of 2016, Oman's mortality rate due to air pollution (household and ambient air pollution) was 53.9 per 100,000 population.

2016: Oman's military spending as a percentage of GDP

Between 2016 and 2018, Oman's military spending as a percentage of GDP averaged around 10 percent.

2016: Bait Muzna Opened Second Space

In 2016, Bait Muzna opened a second space in Salalah to branch out and support art film and the digital art scene.

2016: Journalists sentenced to prison

In 2016, Human Rights Watch reported that an Omani court sentenced three journalists to prison and ordered the permanent closure of their newspaper, over an article that alleged corruption in the judiciary.

2016: Oman Qualified for ICC World Twenty20

In 2016, Oman qualified for the ICC World Twenty20.

2016: Date Production and Export

In 2016, Oman's estimated production of dates was 350,000 tons and Oman's total export of dates was US$12.6 million.

2016: Fishing industry contribution to GDP

In 2016, Oman's fishing industry contributed 0.78 percent to the GDP and fish exports were US$172 million. In 2016, the main importer of Omani fish was Vietnam, with almost US$80 million (46.5 percent) in value.

2016: Manufacturing value added to GDP rate

In 2016, Oman's manufacturing value added to GDP rate was 8.4 percent, lower than the average in the Arab world and the world average.

2016: Patent applications ratio

In 2016, Oman's ratio of patent applications per million people was 0.35.

2016: Oil and gas represented 72 percent of government revenues

In 2016, oil and gas share of the government's revenue represented 72 percent.

2016: Government Criticism for Suspending Azamn

In 2016, the Omani government drew international criticism for suspending the newspaper Azamn and arresting three journalists after a report on corruption.

2016: Tourism contribution to GDP

In 2016, tourism contributed 2.8 percent to the Omani GDP.

2016: Health spending to GDP

Oman's health spending to GDP between 2015 and 2016 averaged 4.3 percent.

2016: Undernourished share of the population

Since 2003, Oman's undernourished share of the population has dropped from 11.7 percent to 5.4 percent in 2016.

December 2017: 23rd Arabian Gulf Cup

From 22 December 2017, the 23rd Arabian Gulf Cup took place in Kuwait.

2017: Azamn Not Allowed to Reopen

In 2017, Azamn was not allowed to reopen, despite an appeal court ruling in late 2016 that the paper could resume operating.

2017: Oil and gas sector represented 30.1 percent of the nominal GDP

In 2017, Oil and gas sector represented 30.1 percent of the nominal GDP.

2017: Total investments exceeded US$24 billion

In 2017, total foreign direct investments (FDI) in Oman exceeded US$24 billion, with the oil and gas sector receiving the highest share.

2017: Tourism Revenue

In 2017, tourism revenue grew to RO 719 million (US$1.8 billion).

2017: Oman's research and development spending between 2016

Oman's research and development spending between 2016 and 2017 averaged 0.24 percent, which is significantly lower than the world's average (2.2 percent) during the same period.

2017: Road incident death rates

Since 1990, Oman's road incident death rates has been decreasing, from 98.9 per 100,000 individuals to 47.1 per 100,000 in 2017.

January 2018: Oman Wins Second Title in Arabian Gulf Cup

In January 2018, Oman won their second title at the 23rd Arabian Gulf Cup, defeating the United Arab Emirates in the final.

June 2018: Qurayyat sets record for highest minimum temperature

In June 2018, the city of Qurayyat in Oman set the record for highest minimum temperature in a 24-hour period, at 42.6 °C (108.7 °F).

2018: Oman's military spending as a percentage of GDP

Between 2016 and 2018, Oman's military spending as a percentage of GDP averaged around 10 percent.

2018: Oman Featured Men's National Team

In 2018, Oman featured a men's national team in beach volleyball that competed at the 2018–2020 AVC Beach Volleyball Continental Cup.

2018: Budget deficit of 32 percent

In 2018, Oman had a budget deficit of 32 percent of total revenue and a government debt-to-GDP ratio of 47.5 percent.

2018: Oman's ranking in World Press Freedom Index

In 2018, Reporters Without Borders ranked Oman 127th out of 180 countries on its World Press Freedom Index.

2018: Mineral fuels accounted for 82.2 percent of total product exports

In 2018, mineral fuels accounted for 82.2 percent of total product exports.

2018: Oil and gas represented 71 percent of government revenues

In 2018, oil and gas represented 71 percent of the government's revenues.

2018: New Private Radio Station Launched

In early 2018, Muscat Media Group (MMG) launched a new private radio station.

2018: Transformation Index BTI report

The Transformation Index BTI 2018 report on Oman recommends that the education curriculum should focus more on the "promotion of personal initiative and critical perspective".

September 2019: Oman to host IGRC 2020

In September 2019, it was confirmed that Oman would be the first Middle Eastern country to host the International Gas Union Research Conference (IGRC 2020).

November 2019: Introduction of e-visa for tourists

In November 2019, Oman introduced the concept of e-visa for tourists from all nationalities, making visa on arrival an exception.

2019: Global Innovation Index Report

According to the Global Innovation Index (2019) report, Oman scores "below expectations" in innovation relative to countries classified under high income and was ranked 80 out of 129 countries in innovation index in 2019.

2019: Climate action challenges remain

According to the United Nations Sustainable Development 2019 index, major challenges remain to be solved in terms of climate action in Oman.

2019: Education Statistics

As of 2019 Oman scored high on the percentage of students who complete lower secondary school and on the literacy rate between the age of 15 and 24 and Oman's net primary school enrollment rate in 2019, which is 94.1 percent, is rated as "challenges remain" by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) standard.

2019: Sustainable Development Goals Index

As of 2019, Oman still faced "significant challenges" in industry, innovation and infrastructure, according to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals index.

2019: WHO pollution ranking

In 2019, the WHO ranked Oman as the least polluted country in the Arab world, with a score of 37.7 in the pollution index.

January 2020: Death of Qaboos and succession of Haitham bin Tariq

In January 2020, Qaboos, the Arab world's longest-serving ruler at the time, died and was succeeded by his first cousin Haitham bin Tariq.

January 2020: Death of Sultan Qaboos bin Said

On January 10, 2020, Sultan Qaboos bin Said died childless and was succeeded by his cousin, Haitham bin Tariq.

February 2020: IGRC 2020 to be held

In February 2020, the 16th International Gas Union Research Conference (IGRC 2020) was scheduled to be held in collaboration with Oman LNG.

2020: Oman's population

By 2020, Oman's population exceeded 4.5 million, and the total fertility rate in 2020 was estimated to be 2.8 children born per woman.

2020: Oman's military expenditure highest globally

In 2020, SIPRI estimated Oman's military and security expenditure to be 11 percent of GDP, making it the world's highest rate in that year.

2020: Oman's Men's National Team Competed

Oman featured a men's national team in beach volleyball that competed at the 2018–2020 AVC Beach Volleyball Continental Cup.

2020: 2020 Vision

Oman had a 2020 Vision to diversify the economy, but it was rendered obsolete in 2011.

2020: Global Innovation Index Rank

Oman was ranked 84th in the Global Innovation Index in 2020, down from 80th in 2019.

January 2021: Haitham names first crown prince

In January 2021, Haitham bin Tariq named his eldest son, Theyazin bin Haitham, as Oman's first crown prince and heir to the throne.

June 2021: Oman to Co-Host ICC Men's T20 World Cup

On 25 June 2021, it was confirmed that Oman will co-host the 2021 edition of the ICC Men's T20 World Cup alongside the United Arab Emirates.

2021: Completion of refinery and petrochemical plant

By 2021, a refinery and petrochemical plant in Duqm with a 230,000 barrels per day capacity was projected for completion.

2021: Amendment to create position of Crown Prince

In 2021, the Basic Statute of the State in Oman was amended to create the position of Crown Prince.

April 2023: Law changed by royal decree

In April 2023, a law was changed by royal decree, allowing Omani citizens to marry foreigners without government permission.

October 2023: Last elections held

The last elections for the Consultative Assembly in Oman were held on October 29, 2023.

2023: Population increase

From 2023 to 2024, Oman experienced a 4.60% population increase.

2024: Global Peace Index Ranking

As of 2024, Oman ranks as the 37th most peaceful country in the world according to the Global Peace Index.

2024: Oman Population

In 2024, Oman had a population of about 5.28 million, making it the 123rd most-populous country.

2024: Oman Participated in Touch Rugby World Cup

In 2024, Oman participated in the Touch Rugby World Cup in Nottingham, which was its first participation in an international rugby tournament.

October 2027: Next election due

The next elections for the Consultative Assembly in Oman are due in October 2027.

2030: UNSDG targets zero hunger by 2030

The UNSDG targets zero hunger by 2030.

2040: 2040 Vision established

Oman established a 2040 Vision in 2011.

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