A closer look at the defining struggles that shaped Prince Andrew, Duke of York's life and career.
Prince Andrew, Duke of York, is a member of the British royal family and the third child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. Once second in line to the throne, he is now eighth. He served in the Royal Navy as a helicopter pilot and instructor. Prince Andrew's reputation has been significantly damaged due to his association with convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, leading to allegations of sexual assault, which he denies. As a result, he has been stripped of his military titles and royal patronages and has withdrawn from public duties.
In 1983 Andrew and Koo Stark split up under pressure from press, paparazzi and the palace.
On 19 March 1992, Andrew and Sarah Ferguson announced plans to separate.
In 1992, Andrew and Sarah Ferguson separated.
On 30 May 1996, The marriage between Andrew and Sarah Ferguson officially ended in divorce.
In 1996, Andrew and Sarah Ferguson divorced, which attracted extensive media coverage.
Around 1999, a picture of Epstein and Maxwell, sitting at a cabin on the Queen's Balmoral estate at the invitation of Prince Andrew, was shown to the jury to establish their status as partners.
On 12 May 2001, Epstein's pilot David Rodgers recorded Prince Andrew's name in his logbook, and he testified that Andrew flew three times with Epstein and Giuffre in 2001.
In 2001, Virginia Giuffre asserted that she had sex with Prince Andrew in London when she was 17, and alleged that Jeffrey Epstein paid her $15,000 after the encounter.
In 2001, official documents covering Prince Andrew's business trips between 2001 and 2011 began to be withheld by the Foreign Office until 2065, which has been alleged to be a government coverup.
In 2004, Andrew faced criticism for using RAF planes for golfing trips. Later, following the Queen's removal of royal patronages, he resigned from the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews and the Royal Dornoch Golf Club revoked his honorary membership the following month.
In 2008, Jeffrey Epstein, a friend of Prince Andrew, pleaded guilty to soliciting prostitution from someone under the age of 18.
In 2008, an affidavit from Virginia Giuffre was included in an earlier lawsuit accusing the US Justice Department of violating the Crime Victims' Rights Act during Epstein's first criminal case; Andrew was otherwise not a party to the lawsuit.
In July 2009, Prince Andrew was present for the official opening ceremony of Banque Havilland, a bank that has been alleged to have sought to service dictators and kleptocrats.
In December 2010, Caroline Kaufman, an alleged victim of Epstein, said in a federal lawsuit that she had seen Prince Andrew at Epstein's New York mansion.
In December 2010, Prince Andrew was photographed strolling with Jeffrey Epstein in Central Park during a visit to New York City.
In 2010, Andrew expressed regret for meeting Epstein after Epstein had already pleaded guilty to sex crimes.
In February 2011, Andrew's suitability for his role as Special Representative was challenged in the House of Commons due to his relationships with controversial figures.
In March 2011, BBC News reported that Prince Andrew's friendship with Jeffrey Epstein was producing "a steady stream of criticism," and there were calls for him to step down from his role as trade envoy.
In March 2011, the Campaign Against the Arms Trade (CAAT) criticized Prince Andrew's role as a front man for UKTI, stating that he was used to sell arms, potentially to despotic regimes, and acted as a cheerleader for the arms industry.
In July 2011, Andrew stepped down from his role as the UK's Special Representative for International Trade and Investment due to controversies and ties to Jeffrey Epstein.
In July 2011, Prince Andrew's role as trade envoy was terminated, and he reportedly cut all ties with Jeffrey Epstein.
In 2011, official documents covering Prince Andrew's business trips between 2001 and 2011 ended and are being withheld by the Foreign Office until 2065, which has been alleged to be a government coverup.
In September 2013, an email exchange between John Brockman and Evgeny Morozov mentioned seeing a British man nicknamed "Andy" receive a foot massage from two Russian women at Epstein's New York residence during his last visit to the mansion in 2010, and had realised "that the recipient of Irina's foot massage was His Royal Highness, Prince Andrew, the Duke of York".
In January 2014, Prince Andrew's participation in a delegation to Bahrain drew criticism. CAAT called on Prince Andrew and the UK government to stop selling arms to Bahrain, stating his endorsement of the Bahraini dictatorship gave implicit support to their oppressive practices.
In 2014, Virginia Giuffre alleged that she was sex trafficked to Andrew by Jeffrey Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell when she was 17 years old. Andrew denied the allegations.
In January 2015, there was renewed media and public pressure for Buckingham Palace to explain Prince Andrew's connection with Jeffrey Epstein. Buckingham Palace denied any suggestion of impropriety with underage minors.
Since 2015, Banque Havilland loan of £1.25 million to Andrew 'extended or increased' 10 times. In November 2017, Andrew borrowed £250,000 from Banque Havilland, adding to the loan.
In 2016, Juan "John" Alessi, who was Epstein's butler, stated in a deposition he filed for Giuffre's 2016 defamation case against Maxwell that Prince Andrew's visits to the Epstein house in Palm Beach were more frequent than previously thought and Andrew spent weeks there and received daily massages.
In November 2017, Prince Andrew borrowed £250,000 from Banque Havilland, adding to an existing £1.25 million loan that had been extended or increased 10 times since 2015.
In December 2017, £1.5 million was transferred from an account controlled by the Rowland family to Prince Andrew's account at Banque Havilland, paying off a loan due in March 2018.
In March 2018, a loan to Prince Andrew from Banque Havilland, which had been due in March 2018, was paid off in December 2017 after a £1.5 million transfer from an account controlled by the Rowland family.
In June 2019, Tarek Kaituni, a Libyan-born convicted gun smuggler, introduced Prince Andrew to Selman Turk and held later meetings on at least two occasions.
In August 2019, court documents revealed Johanna Sjoberg gave evidence alleging Prince Andrew placed his hand on her breast while in Epstein's mansion posing for a photo with his Spitting Image puppet. Prince Andrew released a statement stating he did not witness any behaviour of the sort that led to Epstein's arrest and conviction.
In November 2019, Andrew relinquished his role as Chancellor of the University of Huddersfield after the Students' Union passed a motion to lobby for his resignation.
In November 2019, Andrew resigned as the patron of the Outward Bound Trust.
In November 2019, the wife of the jailed Turkish former politician İlhan İşbilen transferred £750,000 to Prince Andrew, in the belief that it would help her secure a passport. Days before, Selman Turk had been awarded the People's Choice Award for his business Heyman AI at a Pitch@Palace event held at St James's Palace.
On 18-19 November 2019, KPMG and Standard Chartered announced they would not be renewing their sponsorship of Andrew's Pitch@Palace entrepreneurial scheme.
In 2019, several months after Prince Andrew's controversial Newsnight interview, his private office established the Urramoor Trust.
In January 2020, the Home Office recommended a "major downgrade of security" for Andrew. American lawyer Geoffrey Berman stated that Andrew had provided "zero co-operation" with federal prosecutors and the Federal Bureau of Investigation regarding the ongoing investigations.
In May 2020, Andrew resigned from public roles following criticism for his association with Jeffrey Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell.
In May 2020, it was reported that Andrew and Sarah were in a legal dispute over the mortgage for their skiing chalet. The Queen would not be settling the debt.
In May 2020, it was reported that the Prince Andrew Charitable Trust was under investigation by the Charity Commission regarding regulatory issues about £350,000 of payments to his former private secretary Amanda Thirsk.
In June 2020, it became known that Andrew is a person of interest in a criminal investigation in the United States, and that the United States had filed a mutual legal assistance request to British authorities in order to question Andrew.
In July 2020, Caroline Kaufman, an alleged victim of Epstein, said in a federal lawsuit that she had seen Prince Andrew at Epstein's New York mansion in December 2010.
In November 2020, Bloomberg Businessweek reported on Prince Andrew using his role as trade envoy to help David Rowland and his private bank, Banque Havilland, secure deals with clients. Banque Havilland allegedly sought to service dictators and kleptocrats.
In August 2021, Giuffre sued Andrew in the federal District Court for the Southern District of New York, accusing him of "sexual assault and intentional infliction of emotional distress".
In September 2021, The Times reported that Andrew and Sarah reached a legal agreement to sell their Verbier chalet, with the previous owner receiving a reduced payment due to their perceived financial troubles. The money was to be used to pay for legal expenses.
In November 2021, Lawrence Visoski, Epstein's pilot, testified in court that Prince Andrew flew in Epstein's private plane along with other prominent individuals. Visoski stated he did not notice any sexual activity or wrongdoing on the plane.
In January 2022, Andrew ceased using his honorary military titles due to a sexual assault civil case. It was reported that he would retain his service rank of vice admiral.
In January 2022, Queen Elizabeth II removed Andrew's honorary military affiliations and royal charitable patronages due to his association with Jeffrey Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell.
In January 2022, Virginia Giuffre's former boyfriend, Anthony Figueroa, said that Giuffre told him Epstein would take her to meet Prince Andrew and the meeting had taken place in London. The same month, Carolyn Andriano said that in 2001, 17-year-old Giuffre told her that she had slept with Andrew and "didn't seem upset about it".
On 12 January 2022, Judge Kaplan rejected Andrew's attempts to dismiss the case, allowing the sexual abuse lawsuit to proceed.
On 13 January 2022, it was announced that Andrew's royal patronages had been handed back to the Queen to be distributed among other members of the royal family.
In February 2022, Andrew settled the civil lawsuit over sexual assault filed by Virginia Giuffre out of court, paying her an undisclosed sum.
In March 2022, it was reported that in November 2019, the wife of the jailed Turkish former politician İlhan İşbilen transferred £750,000 to Prince Andrew, believing it would help her secure a passport. Andrew repaid the money 16 months later.
In June 2022, it was reported in Le Temps that the chalet has been frozen because of a £1.6 million debt Andrew owes unnamed people, making a sale impossible without creditor agreement.
In 2023, Chris Yang, a Chinese businessman who had been invited to royal events by Prince Andrew, was barred from entry to the United Kingdom due to alleged engagement in covert and deceptive activity on behalf of the Chinese Communist Party. Andrew ceased all contact with Yang following government concerns.
In 2065, the Foreign Office is scheduled to release official documents covering Prince Andrew's business trips between 2001 and 2011. This is part of what has been claimed to be a concerted Government coverup.
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