Qualcomm is a multinational corporation specializing in semiconductors, software, and services for wireless technology. Headquartered in San Diego, California, it holds key patents for mobile communication standards like 5G, 4G, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA, and WCDMA. The company plays a significant role in the development and advancement of wireless technologies globally.
In July 1985, Qualcomm was created by seven former Linkabit employees led by Irwin Jacobs. The company, named for "Quality Communications", started as a contract research and development center.
In 1985, Qualcomm was established by Irwin Jacobs and six other co-founders to research CDMA wireless cell phone technology. Funding for this was obtained by selling the Omnitracs system.
In mid-1985, Qualcomm was hired by Hughes Aircraft to provide research and testing for a satellite network proposal to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
In 1986, Qualcomm grew from eight employees due to demand for Omnitracs.
In 1988, Qualcomm merged with Omninet and raised $3.5 million in funding to produce the Omnitracs satellite communications system for trucking companies.
In 1988, the project with the FCC was scrapped, when the FCC told all twelve vendors that submitted proposals to form a joint venture to create a single proposal.
By 1989, Qualcomm had $32 million in revenue, 50 percent of which was from an Omnitracs contract with Schneider National. Omnitracs profits helped fund Qualcomm's research and development into code-division multiple access (CDMA) technologies for cell phone networks.
In 1989 Qualcomm filed three additional patents for power management, "soft handoff", and a variable rate encoder related to CDMA technology.
In 1989, Qualcomm conducted CDMA test demonstrations in San Diego.
In 1989, Qualcomm further developed the CDMA techniques for commercial use and submitted them to the Cellular Telephone Industries Association (CTIA) as an alternative to the time-division multiple access (TDMA) standard for second-generation cell-phone networks.
In 1990, Qualcomm conducted CDMA test demonstrations in New York City. In 1990, Nynex Mobile Communications and Ameritech Mobile Communications were the first carriers to implement CDMA networks instead of TDMA.
In September 1991, Qualcomm filed an initial public offering, raising $68 million to fund its investment in CDMA research.
In November 1991, 14 carriers and manufacturers conducted large-scale CDMA field tests.
By 1991, Qualcomm had grown to 620 employees due to demand for Omnitracs.
In 1991, Qualcomm acquired the email application called Eudora.
In 1991, Qualcomm and the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) agreed to jointly develop CDMA technologies for the Korean telecommunications infrastructure.
In May 1993, Qualcomm's first large manufacturing project was in a deal to provide 36,000 CDMA phones to US West.
In May 1993, a CDMA standard was adopted as the national wireless standard in Korea.
In 1993, CTIA changed its position and supported CDMA, adopting Qualcomm's CDMA as the IS-95A standard, also known as cdmaOne. This prompted widespread criticism.
In 1994, Qualcomm partnered with Northern Telecom and formed a joint partnership with Sony to leverage their manufacturing expertise.
On July 21, 1995, Primeco announced it was going to implement CDMA-based services on networks in 15 states.
In 1995, Qualcomm raised an additional $486 million through the sale of 11.5 million more shares to fund the mass manufacturing of CDMA-based phones, base-stations, and equipment. The company had $383 million in annual revenue.
By 1996, Eudora was installed on 63 percent of PCs.
By 1996, Qualcomm had $814 million in annual revenue.
In 1996, a CDMA patent dispute between Qualcomm and Ericsson began, which was settled out-of-court in 1999.
In 1996, commercial CDMA networks were launched in Korea.
In March 1997, after Qualcomm introduced its Q phone, Motorola initiated a lawsuit against Qualcomm for allegedly copying the design of its Startac phone.
By 1997 CDMA had 57 percent of the US market, whereas 14 percent of the market was on TDMA.
In 1998, Qualcomm consolidated its interests in telecommunications carriers, such as Cricket Communications and Pegaso, into a holding company, Leap Wireless.
In 1998, Qualcomm was restructured, leading to a 700-employee layoff. Its base station and cell-phone manufacturing businesses were spun-off to focus on patents and chipsets.
In 1998, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) voted in support of the WCDMA standard, which relied less on Qualcomm's CDMA patents, leading Qualcomm to refuse to license its intellectual property for the standard.
In December 1999, Qualcomm sold its manufacturing interests to Kyocera Corporation, a Japanese CDMA manufacturer.
In 1999, Qualcomm and Ericsson reached an out-of-court agreement, one month before an ITU deadline, resolving a CDMA patent dispute, where both companies agreed to cross-license their technology and collaborate on 3G standards.
By 2000, Qualcomm had grown to 6,300 employees, $3.2 billion in revenues, and $670 million in profit. 39 percent of its sales were from CDMA technology, followed by licensing (22%), wireless (22%), and other products (17%). Around this time, Qualcomm established offices in Europe, Asia Pacific, and in the Americas.
In 2000, Qualcomm entered the Chinese market through a partnership with China Unicom.
In 2000, Qualcomm formed a joint venture with Ford called Wingcast, which created telematics equipment for cars.
In 2000, Qualcomm settled out of court the lawsuit initiated by Motorola in March 1997, which alleged that Qualcomm's Q phone copied the design of Motorola's Startac phone.
In November 2001, South Korean carrier KTFreeTel was the first to adopt the Brew system.
By 2001, 65 percent of Qualcomm's revenues originated from outside the United States with 35 percent coming from South Korea.
In March 2002, Verizon adopted the Brew system for its "Get it Now" program.
By 2003 Qualcomm's Eudora was the most popular alternative to Microsoft Outlook, but still had only a five percent share of the market.
By 2003, there were 73 million Brew users.
In 2003, China Unicom launched the first CDMA-based network in China.
By 2004, there were 240 million CDMA 3G subscribers.
In 2004, Qualcomm acquired Iridigm for $170 million to develop Mirasol displays.
In 2004, Qualcomm created a MediaFLO subsidiary to bring its FLO (forward link only) specification to market.
In 2004, Qualcomm founded a VLSI Technology Organization division to focus on semiconductor manufacturing.
In July 2005, Qualcomm created the FLO Forum standards group with 15 industry participants.
In October 2005, six large telecommunications companies led by Nokia filed a complaint against Qualcomm with the European Commission's antitrust division, alleging Qualcomm was abusing its market position to charge unreasonable rates for its patents. Qualcomm alleged the six companies were colluding together under the code name Project Stockholm in a legal strategy to negotiate lower rates.
In November 2005, Qualcomm announced that it was developing the Scorpion central processing unit (CPU) for mobile devices.
In December 2005, Verizon was the first carrier to partner with MediaFlo for its Verizon Wireless' V Cast TV.
By 2005, Qualcomm reached $74 million in settlements regarding a protracted legal dispute over employee stock options, following the sale of its infrastructure division in 1999.
By 2005, there were 143 CDMA carriers in 67 countries.
In 2005, Broadcom and Qualcomm were unable to reach an agreement on cross-licensing their intellectual property. Consequently, Broadcom sued Qualcomm, alleging it was breaching ten Broadcom patents and asked the International Trade Commission to prohibit importing the affected technology.
In 2005, Paul E. Jacobs was appointed as Qualcomm's new CEO, shifting the company's focus to projects related to the Internet of Things. In the same year they acquired Flarion Technologies, a developer of wireless broadband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Access (OFDMA) technology.
In 2005, Qualcomm entered the Russian and Latin American markets.
In 2005, Qualcomm halted development of Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) and decided to support the LTE standard.
In September 2006, a New Jersey court judge ruled that Qualcomm's patent monopoly was an inherent aspect of creating industry standards and that Qualcomm's pricing practices were lawful.
In December 2006, several companies filed antitrust complaints against Qualcomm with the Korean Fair Trade Commission, who initiated an investigation into Qualcomm's practices.
By late 2006, more than 20 lawsuits had been filed between Broadcom and Qualcomm due to failure to reach an agreement on cross-licensing their intellectual property and both sides claimed to be winning.
In 2006, Qualcomm founded a DFX group, which did more of the manufacturing design in-house.
In 2006, Qualcomm retired software development for Eudora.
In April 2007, the dispute between Qualcomm and Nokia escalated when their licensing agreement ended.
In May 2007, a jury ordered Qualcomm to pay Broadcom $19.6 million for infringing on three Broadcom patents.
In June 2007, the ITC ruled that Qualcomm had infringed on at least one Broadcom patent and banned corresponding imports.
In November 2007, the first shipments of the Snapdragon system-on-chip product, which includes a CPU, GPS, graphics processing unit, camera support and other software and semiconductors, were made.
By 2007, $500 million of Qualcomm's annual revenues were coming from Korean manufacturers.
By 2007, Qualcomm's technology was in cell phone networks in more than 105 countries.
In 2007, Qualcomm began commercializing Mirasol displays, based on technology acquired from Iridigm in 2004.
In 2007, the MediaFlo service was launched on Super Bowl Sunday.
In February 2008, Nokia and Qualcomm agreed to halt any new litigation until an initial ruling is made on the first lawsuit in Delaware.
In July 2008, Nokia and Qualcomm reached an out-of-court settlement that ended the dispute and created a 15-year cross-licensing agreement.
In 2008, Qualcomm expanded Mirasol displays into eight products.
In 2008, Qualcomm released the Gobi family of modems for portable devices.
In April 2009, Qualcomm and Broadcom reached a settlement resulting in a cross-licensing agreement, a dismissal of all litigation, and Qualcomm paying $891 million over four years.
In 2010, Qualcomm won a government auction in India for $1 billion in spectrum and licenses from which to offer broadband services and formed four joint ventures with Indian holding companies for this purpose.
In June 2011, Qualcomm introduced AllJoyn, a wireless standard for communicating between devices like cell phones, televisions, air-conditioners, and refrigerators.
In July 2011, ParkerVision filed a lawsuit against Qualcomm alleging that it infringed on seven ParkerVision patents related to converting electromagnetic radio signals to lower frequencies.
In November 2011, Qualcomm acquired the wireless electric car charging company, HaloIPT.
In December 2011, Qualcomm formed a healthcare subsidiary called Qualcomm Life and released a cloud-based service for managing clinical data called 2net and the Qualcomm Life Fund.
In 2011, the MediaFlo service was discontinued, and its spectrum was sold to AT&T for $1.93 billion.
In May 2012, Bharti acquired a 49 percent stake in the holding companies that Qualcomm formed in 2010 in India to offer broadband services.
By 2012, Qualcomm held 81 seminal patents used in 4G LTE standards, representing 12.46 percent of such patents.
In January 2013, a lawsuit resulted in Qualcomm voluntarily adopting a policy of disclosing its political contributions.
In August 2013, the Chinese regulator raided Qualcomm's Chinese offices as part of an anti-trust investigation.
In November 2013, the China National Development and Reform Commission initiated an anti-trust investigation into Qualcomm's licensing division.
In December 2013, Qualcomm announced Steven Mollenkopf would succeed Paul Jacobs as CEO. Mollenkopf planned to expand Qualcomm's focus to wireless technology for cars, wearable devices, and other new markets.
In December 2013, the Alljoyn technology was donated to the Linux Foundation.
In 2013, Mirasol was eventually closed down after an attempt to revive it in Toq watches.
In 2013, Qualcomm rebooted the MediaFlo effort with LTE Broadcast, which uses pre-existing cell towers to broadcast select content locally on a dedicated spectrum, such as during major sporting events.
In 2014, Leap Wireless, which was spun-off by Qualcomm in 1998, was sold to AT&T.
In 2015, Qualcomm's anti-trust dispute in China was settled for $975 million.
In October 2016, Qualcomm announced its intent to acquire NXP Semiconductors for $47 billion.
In October 2016, Qualcomm's first 5G modem chip was announced.
In 2016, Qualcomm developed its first beta processor chip for servers and PCs called "Server Development Platform" and sent samples for testing.
In late 2016, the Korea Fair Trade Commission alleged Qualcomm abused a "dominant market position" to charge cell phone manufacturers excessive royalties for patents and limit sales to companies selling competing semiconductor products.
In January 2017, a second generation data center and PC server chip called Centriq 2400 was released.
In January 2017, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) initiated an investigation into allegations that Qualcomm charged excessive royalties for patents. That same year, Apple initiated a $1 billion lawsuit against Qualcomm in the U.S. alleging Qualcomm overcharged for semiconductors and failed to pay $1 billion in rebates. Apple also filed lawsuits in China and the United Kingdom.
In April 2017, Qualcomm paid an $814.9 million settlement to BlackBerry as a refund for prepaid licensing fees.
In April 2017, the deal to acquire NXP Semiconductors was approved by U.S. antitrust regulators with some standard-essential patents excluded.
In August 2017, the International Trade Commission responded to Qualcomm's complaints by starting an investigation of Apple's use of Qualcomm patents without royalties.
In October 2017, Qualcomm demonstrated a prototype for 5G technology.
In October 2017, Taiwan's Fair Trade Commission fined Qualcomm another $773 million.
In 2017, Qualcomm owned more than 130,000 current or pending patents.
In 2017, stemming from the investigation that led to the Apple lawsuit actions, the FTC filed suit against Qualcomm alleging it engaged in antitrust behavior due to its monopoly on wireless broadband technology.
In January 2018, the European Competition Commission fined Qualcomm $1.2 billion for an arrangement to use Qualcomm chips exclusively in Apple's mobile products.
In July 2018, Qualcomm abandoned the deal to acquire NXP after extending a tender offer at least 29 times pending Chinese approval, amidst the 2018 China–United States trade war.
In July 2018, Qualcomm's first 5G antennas were announced.
In December 2018, Chinese and German courts held that Apple infringed on Qualcomm patents and banned sales of certain iPhones.
In late 2018, Qualcomm paid a settlement to Taiwan for $93 million in fines and a promise to spend $700 million in the local Taiwan economy.
In January 2019, the trial started in the FTC lawsuit against Qualcomm, heard by Judge Lucy Koh. The lawsuit alleged that Qualcomm engaged in antitrust behavior due to its monopoly on wireless broadband technology.
In February 2019, Qualcomm sold the wireless electric car charging company, HaloIPT, to WiTricity.
In April 2019, Apple and Qualcomm reached an agreement to cease all litigation and sign a six-year licensing agreement. The settlement included a one-time payment from Apple of about $4.5 to 4.7 billion.
In May 2019, Judge Koh ruled against Qualcomm, asserting that Qualcomm's practices violated antitrust. Qualcomm was forced to stop its "no license, no chips" bundling with phone manufacturers, and was required to license its patents to other chip manufacturers.
By late 2019, several phones were being sold with Qualcomm's 5G technology incorporated.
In 2019, Qualcomm life was sold to a private equity firm, Francisco Partners.
In August 2020, the Ninth Circuit reversed the decision in the FTC v. Qualcomm case, determining that Judge Koh's decision strayed beyond the scope of antitrust law and that the FTC failed to meet its burden of proof. The court concluded that Qualcomm's business practices were better characterized as "hypercompetitive" rather than "anticompetitive".
In 2020, Qualcomm hired Baidu veteran, Nan Zhou, to head Qualcomm's push into AI.
On January 6, 2021, Qualcomm appointed its president and chip division head Cristiano Amon as its new chief executive.
On January 13, 2021, Qualcomm announced it would acquire Nuvia, a server CPU startup, for approximately $1.4 billion.
In March 2021, Qualcomm completed its acquisition of Nuvia.
In March 2022, Qualcomm acquired the advanced driver-assistance systems and autonomous driving software brand Arriver from SSW Partners.
In June 2022, Qualcomm acquired Israeli startup Cellwize through its investment arm Qualcomm Ventures.
In June 2022, Qualcomm announced the company had won its appeal of the European Union antitrust fine from January 2018. The appeal had highlighted that Apple as a company had no technical alternative other than to use Qualcomm's LTE chipsets.
In August 2022, Bloomberg News reported Qualcomm was planning to return to the server CPU market based on Nuvia's product. Later that month, Arm Ltd. sued Qualcomm and Nuvia for breaching license agreements and trademark violations, citing that the chip designs using Arm licenses developed by Nuvia could not be transferred to Qualcomm without permission. Qualcomm indicated that its licenses with Arm cover custom-designed processors.
Qualcomm announced that its first products from the Nuvia acquisition would be laptop CPUs, shipping in the second half of 2022.
In January 2023, Qualcomm announced a new partnership with Salesforce to develop a connected vehicle platform for automakers using the Snapdragon digital chassis.
In May 2023, Qualcomm announced their intent to purchase Israeli fabless chipmaking company Autotalks for a reported $350–400 million. The purchase is subject to review by the Competition and Markets Authority.
In September 2023, Qualcomm announced that it had signed a contract rumored to be worth $75 million per year for its Snapdragon brand to be the primary shirt sponsor for English football club Manchester United starting with the 2024–25 season, replacing German company TeamViewer.
In October 2023, Qualcomm introduced the Snapdragon X series, a computing platform for Windows PCs which includes a custom ARM-based Oryon CPU (from Nuvia acquisition), a GPU, and a dedicated neural processing unit.
In 2023 Qualcomm lost the case in the Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea, causing the fine from 2016 to be enacted in force.
In 2023, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)’s Annual PCT Review ranked Qualcomm's number of patent applications published under the PCT System as 3rd in the world, with 3,410 patent applications being published during 2023.
In March 2024, it was announced by the Federal Trade Commission that Qualcomm's proposed acquisition of Autotalks has been terminated.
In October 2024, Arm Ltd. said it would cancel Qualcomm's chip design license in an escalation of the dispute over the acquisition of Nuvia.
In October 2024, Qualcomm announced that the Qualcomm-Microsoft exclusive protocol will expire in December 25 2024, allowing Windows on ARM devices to adapt ARM CPUs other than Qualcomm Snapdragon.
In December 2024, a U.S. federal jury ruled partially in Qualcomm's favor, finding that its designs were properly licensed under an agreement with Arm. However, the jury was deadlocked on one of three issues raised, resulting in a mistrial on that specific point.
In September 2023, Qualcomm announced that the Snapdragon brand would be the primary shirt sponsor for English football club Manchester United, starting with the 2024-25 season.
In February 2025, Arm withdrew its efforts to terminate Qualcomm's chip-licensing agreement.
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