San Francisco is a major commercial, financial, and cultural hub in Northern California. As of 2024, it's the fourth-most populous city in California and the 17th in the US, with 827,526 residents. Covering 46.9 square miles on the San Francisco Peninsula, it's the fifth-most densely populated U.S. county. San Francisco boasts the highest per capita income among US cities with over 250,000 residents. It's the central city of the 13th-largest US metropolitan area (almost 4.6 million residents) and part of the fifth-largest urban region (over nine million residents).
Between 1870 and 1900, the creation of Golden Gate Park contributed to the development of the area.
In 1900, the first North American plague epidemic, known as the San Francisco plague, began.
Around 1901, San Francisco was a major city known for its flamboyant style and thriving arts scene.
In 1901, Golden Gate University, a private, nonsectarian university, was formed and located in the Financial District.
The first North American plague epidemic, known as the San Francisco plague, ended in 1904.
On April 18, 1906, a major earthquake struck San Francisco and northern California. Resulting fires destroyed more than three-quarters of the city.
In 1906, a major earthquake and subsequent fire destroyed three-quarters of San Francisco.
In 1906, the City Hall was located in United Nations Plaza.
In 1906, the San Andreas Fault caused a significant earthquake in San Francisco. The threat of major earthquakes plays a large role in the city's infrastructure development.
In the wake of the 1906 earthquake, wealthy San Franciscans built homes in Pacific Heights.
In 1910, the San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association (SPUR) was founded to address housing quality after the earthquake.
In September 1912, Michael O'Shaughnessy was hired as chief engineer for San Francisco to supervise various construction projects.
The Bay to Breakers footrace has been held annually since 1912.
San Francisco was granted a perpetual leasehold over the Hetch Hetchy Valley and watershed in Yosemite National Park by the Raker Act in 1913.
Between 1915 and 1927, San Francisco's streetcar system was pushed to completion.
In 1915, San Francisco celebrated its rebirth at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition.
In 1918, the construction of the Twin Peaks Tunnel connected southwest neighborhoods to downtown via streetcar, hastening the development of West Portal, and nearby affluent Forest Hill and St. Francis Wood.
Since 1920, a study examined which U.S. metro areas have produced the most Major Leaguers.
Between 1915 and 1927, San Francisco's streetcar system was pushed to completion.
In the wake of the 1929 stock market crash, no San Francisco-based bank failed.
On December 11, 1932, the lowest recorded temperature was 27 °F (−3 °C).
In 1934, a 103-foot tall cross was built on Mount Davidson, San Francisco's tallest hill.
The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge was completed in 1936.
In 1939, San Francisco celebrated its regained grandeur with the Golden Gate International Exposition.
In 1940, non-Hispanic White residents formed 92.5% of the San Francisco population.
In 1945, the United Nations Charter was drafted and signed in San Francisco.
The weather station opened in 1945.
In 1946, the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) began playing as an All-America Football Conference (AAFC) league charter member.
By 2000, San Francisco's population reached new highs, surpassing the previous record set in 1950.
From 1950 to 1980, San Francisco lost over 10 percent of its population.
In 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco re-established peaceful relations between Japan and the Allied Powers.
In 1955, Bill Russell led the San Francisco Dons basketball team to an NCAA championship.
In 1956, Bill Russell led the San Francisco Dons basketball team to an NCAA championship.
Major League Baseball's San Francisco Giants have played in San Francisco since moving from New York in 1958.
In 1959, San Francisco had fewer than thirty-three hundred first-class hotel rooms.
The NBA's Golden State Warriors have played in the San Francisco Bay Area since moving from Philadelphia in 1962.
In 1967, hippies flocked to Haight-Ashbury, reaching a peak with the Summer of Love.
In 1968, the California Institute of Integral Studies was founded, offering graduate programs in its Schools of Professional Psychology & Health, and Consciousness and Transformation.
In 1969, San Francisco had a significant manufacturing sector employing nearly 60,000 workers.
By 1970, San Francisco's number of first-class hotel rooms increased to nine thousand.
In 1971, KPOO, an independent, African-American owned and operated noncommercial radio station, was established in San Francisco.
In 1971, the San Francisco 49ers moved into Candlestick Park.
Prior to the 1971–1972 season, the Warriors were renamed the Golden State Warriors.
The Fillmore closed its doors in 1971 with a final performance by Santana.
In December 1972, the coldest daytime high since the station's opening in 1945 was recorded at 37 °F (3 °C).
Prior to the 1972 season, the Warriors were renamed the Golden State Warriors in an attempt to present the team as a representation of the whole state of California.
San Francisco Pride events have been held continuously since 1972.
The Transamerica Pyramid was completed in 1972, igniting a wave of "Manhattanization".
In 1973, the Sutro Tower was built between Mount Sutro and the Twin Peaks for KTVU, KRON, and KPIX.
In 1974, the Zebra murders left at least 16 people dead.
In 1975, the last serious Republican challenger for city office lost the mayoral election by a narrow margin.
In 1976, up to 5 inches of snow fell on Twin Peaks.
Since 1977, the number of San Franciscans employed by firms of more than 1,000 employees has fallen by half.
In 1978, Harvey Milk and Mayor George Moscone were assassinated.
In January 1980, Mayor Dianne Feinstein signed a sister cities agreement with Shanghai during a visit to China.
From 1950 to 1980, San Francisco lost over 10 percent of its population.
In 1980, the San Francisco Recycling Program, one of the earliest curbside recycling programs, was established.
The Escape from Alcatraz triathlon has attracted 2,000 top professional and amateur triathletes for its annual race since 1980.
In 1981, the non-profit Friends of the Urban Forest was established in San Francisco.
The Folsom Street Fair (FSF) started in 1984.
Since 1988, San Francisco has not voted more than 20% for a Republican presidential or senatorial candidate.
After the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, city leaders demolished the Embarcadero Freeway and a portion of the Central Freeway, converting them into street-level boulevards.
During the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the Marina district experienced extensive damage to property due to soil liquefaction.
In 1989, San Francisco declared itself a sanctuary city.
Beginning in the 1990s, San Francisco's economy diversified away from finance and tourism towards the growing fields of high tech, biotechnology, and medical research. In 1990, technology jobs accounted for just 1 percent of San Francisco's economy.
Between the years of 1990 and 2000, the number of foreign-born residents increased from 33% to nearly 40%.
Between 1991 and 2020, San Francisco recorded an average warmest night at 64 °F (18 °C).
Since 1993, the San Francisco Department of Public Health has distributed 400,000 free syringes every month, aiming to reduce HIV and other health risks for drug users, as well as providing disposal sites and services.
In 1994, CNET was founded and based in San Francisco.
The Fillmore reopened in 1994 with a show by the Smashing Pumpkins.
In 1995, Salon.com was founded and based in San Francisco.
In 1995, The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) moved to its current building in the South of Market neighborhood.
Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts was founded in 1998 and is part of the California College of the Arts.
Between the years of 1999 and 2000, the job growth rate was 4.9%, creating over 50,000 jobs in technology firms and internet content production.
Between the years of 1990 and 2000, the number of foreign-born residents increased from 33% to nearly 40%.
Between the years of 1999 and 2000, the job growth rate was 4.9%, creating over 50,000 jobs in technology firms and internet content production.
By 2000, San Francisco's population reached new highs, surpassing the previous record set in 1950.
In 2000, 48.6% of San Francisco residents commuted by driving alone or carpooling in private vehicles.
Oracle Park, where the Giants play, opened in 2000.
In 2001, San Francisco saw a high rate of pedestrian fatalities.
In 2001, San Francisco was an early adopter of carsharing in America when the non-profit City CarShare opened, followed closely by Zipcar.
In 2001, the dot-com bubble burst, causing many startup companies to fold and lay off employees.
From 2002, Oracle Park hosted the annual Fight Hunger Bowl college football game.
In 2003, the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) opened a 43-acre Mission Bay campus to complement its original facility. The new campus contains research space and facilities to foster biotechnology and life sciences entrepreneurship.
In 2004, the Small Business Commission started a publicity campaign to keep a larger share of retail dollars in the local economy.
In 2004, the city approved a payroll tax exemption for biotechnology companies to foster growth in the Mission Bay neighborhood.
In 2006, small businesses with fewer than 10 employees and self-employed firms made up 85% of city establishments.
The 2010 Municipal Transportation Agency (MTA) referenced the 2006 baseline counts for cyclists.
In 2007, San Francisco ranked third among American cities in median household income, with a value of $65,519. Median family income was $81,136.
In 2007, the city expanded its Medicaid and other indigent medical programs into the Healthy San Francisco program, subsidizing certain medical services for eligible residents.
In 2008, the MTA estimated that about 128,000 trips were made by bicycle each day in the city, or 6% of total trips.
In December 2010, the Sunset Reservoir Solar Project, which installed 24,000 solar panels, opened, more than tripling the city's solar generation capacity with its 5-megawatt plant.
According to the 2010 United States census, San Francisco's population was 8.5% lower than in 2020.
As of 2010, 55% (411,728) of San Francisco residents spoke only English at home, while 19% (140,302) spoke a variety of Chinese (mostly Taishanese and Cantonese), 12% (88,147) Spanish, 3% (25,767) Tagalog, and 2% (14,017) Russian.
In 2010, residents of Chinese ethnicity constituted the largest single ethnic minority group in San Francisco at 21% of the population; other large Asian groups include Filipinos (5%) and Vietnamese (2%).
In 2010, technology jobs accounted for 4 percent of San Francisco's economy.
The 2010 Municipal Transportation Agency (MTA) annual bicycle count showed the number of cyclists at 33 locations had increased 58% from the 2006 baseline counts.
By 2014, San Francisco has seen a small resurgence in manufacturing, with more than 4,000 manufacturing jobs across 500 companies, doubling since 2011. The largest manufacturing employer is Anchor Brewing Company, and the largest by revenue is Timbuk2.
In 2011, Bloomberg West was launched from a studio on the Embarcadero in San Francisco.
In 2011, Ed Lee was selected by the board to finish the term of Gavin Newsom, who resigned to take office as Lieutenant Governor of California.
In 2011, San Francisco International Airport (SFO) was the eighth-busiest airport in the U.S. and the 22nd-busiest in the world, handling over 40.9 million passengers.
In 2011, San Francisco reported 50 murders, about 134 rapes, 3,142 robberies, about 2,139 assaults, about 4,469 burglaries, 25,100 thefts, and 4,210 motor vehicle thefts.
In 2012, the San Francisco Giants won a World Series title. Also in 2012, San Francisco was ranked No. 1 in a study that examined which U.S. metro areas have produced the most Major Leaguers since 1920.
In August 2013, Bay Area Bike Share (later named Bay Wheels) was launched with 700 bikes in downtown San Francisco, selected cities in the East Bay, and San Jose.
By the end of 2013, technology jobs accounted for an estimated 8 percent of San Francisco's economy. In 2013, San Francisco attracted 423 venture capital financings worth US$4.58 billion.
In 2013, 21 pedestrians were killed in vehicle collisions, the highest since 2001.
In 2013, 25 pedestrians were killed by car and truck drivers while walking and biking in the city, and 9 car drivers and passengers were killed in collisions.
In 2013, San Francisco strengthened its sanctuary city stance with the 'Due Process for All' ordinance, preventing local authorities from holding immigrants for immigration offenses without violent felonies and allowing Resident ID Cards regardless of immigration status.
In 2013, a record low of 5.59 inches of rainfall was recorded at downtown San Francisco.
In 2013, over 1.5 million people attended San Francisco Pride events, around 500,000 more than the previous year.
SFMOMA closed for renovation and expansion in 2013.
San Francisco hosted the 2013 America's Cup yacht racing competition.
The SFJAZZ Center opened in 2013, hosting jazz performances year round.
Until 2013, Oracle Park hosted the annual Fight Hunger Bowl college football game before it moved to Santa Clara.
On September 25, 2014, the new Terminal Project at Pier 27 opened, replacing the old Pier 35.
According to a 2014 quality of life survey of global cities, San Francisco had the highest quality of living of any U.S. city.
According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, the largest religious groupings in San Francisco's metropolitan area are Christians (48%), followed by those of no religion (35%), Hindus (5%), Jews (3%), Buddhists (2%), Muslims (1%).
As of 2014, San Francisco has seen a small resurgence in manufacturing, with more than 4,000 manufacturing jobs across 500 companies, doubling since 2011. The largest manufacturing employer is Anchor Brewing Company, and the largest by revenue is Timbuk2.
In 2014, San Francisco committed to Vision Zero, with the goal of ending all traffic fatalities caused by motor vehicles within the city by 2024.
In 2014, only 41.3% of San Francisco residents commuted by driving alone or carpooling in private vehicles, a decline from 48.6% in 2000.
In 2014, the San Francisco 49ers left San Francisco and moved approximately 50 miles south to Santa Clara to play at Levi's Stadium.
In the first six months of 2015 there were 25 murders compared to 14 in the first six months of 2014, but the murder rate is still lower than in past decades.
On June 2, 2015, the median rent in San Francisco was reported to be as high as $4,225.
In 2015, CNBC began broadcasting from One Market Plaza in San Francisco.
In FY 2015–2016, the City of San Francisco spent more per resident than any city other than Washington, D.C.
In the first six months of 2015 there were 25 murders compared to 14 in the first six months of 2014, but the murder rate is still lower than in past decades.
Survey data released in 2015 by Gallup places the proportion of LGBTQ adults in the San Francisco metro area at 6.2%, the highest proportion of the 50 most populous metropolitan areas as measured by the polling organization.
On May 14, 2016, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art reopened with an addition, designed by Snøhetta, that has doubled the museum's size.
According to the San Francisco Police Department, in 2016, there were 59 murders in the city, an annual total that marked a 13.5% increase in the number of homicides (52) from 2015.
By 2016, San Francisco was rated low by small businesses in a Business Friendliness Survey.
In 2016, San Francisco attracted the fifth-highest number of foreign tourists of any city in the United States. More than 25 million visitors arrived, adding US$9.96 billion to the economy.
In 2016, San Francisco increased spending to service the growing population homelessness crisis by $241 million to total $275 million, compared to a budget of just $34 million the previous year.
In 2016, approximately 27% of workers in San Francisco were employed in professional business services; 14% in leisure and hospitality; 13% in government services; 12% in education and health care; 11% in trade, transportation, and utilities; and 8% in financial activities.
The municipal budget for fiscal year 2015–16 was $8.99 billion, and is one of the largest city budgets in the United States. In FY 2015-2016 the City of San Francisco spent over $10,000 per resident.
On September 1, 2017, the highest recorded temperature at the official National Weather Service downtown observation station was 106 °F (41 °C).
Ed Lee died on December 12, 2017 and was temporarily replaced by San Francisco Board of Supervisors President London Breed.
In 2017, Bay Area Bike Share underwent a major expansion and rebranding as Ford GoBike.
In 2017, the count of homeless people in San Francisco was 6,858, this was an increase of more than 17% over the count from 2019. In 2017-2018, the budget for combatting homelessness stood at $305 million.
San Francisco established the Overwatch League's Esports team, San Francisco Shock in 2017.
In January 2018, a United Nations special rapporteur on homelessness, Leilani Farha, expressed being "completely shocked" by San Francisco's homelessness crisis during a visit to the city and compared the conditions to those in Mumbai.
On January 23, 2018, Supervisor Mark Farrell was appointed by the Board of Supervisors to finish Ed Lee's term.
According to a 2018 study by the Jewish Community Federation of San Francisco, Jews make up 10% (80,000) of the city's population, making Judaism the second-largest religion in San Francisco after Christianity.
As of 2018, the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area had a population of over 9.6 million.
During the first half of 2018, complaints about human feces on San Francisco sidewalks were the second-most-frequent complaint of city residents, with about 65 calls per day. The city formed a "poop patrol" to combat the problem.
In 2018, Jewish Americans made up an estimated 10% (80,000) of the city's population.
In 2018, an emigration of middle-class families led to San Francisco having a lower proportion of children than any other large American city, with the dog population exceeding the child population of 115,000.
San Francisco ranks fifth in the U.S. for park access and quality in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the top 100 park systems across the United States, according to the nonprofit Trust for Public Land.
As of 2019, 2.6% of the city's streets have protected bike lanes, with 28 miles of protected bike lanes in the city.
In 2019, 42 people were killed in traffic collisions in San Francisco.
In 2019, Ford GoBike received its current name, Bay Wheels.
In 2019, San Francisco's point-in-time count found 8,035 homeless people, with 5,180 living on the streets. 26% cited job loss, 18% cited substance abuse, and 13% cited eviction as primary causes of homelessness. The city budgeted $368 million for homelessness services in 2019-2020.
In 2019, the San Francisco Shock won the Overwatch League championship title.
Starting in 2019, as part of the retrofitting of the Golden Gate Bridge and installation of a suicide barrier, the railings on the west side of the pedestrian walkway were replaced with thinner, more flexible slats.
In May 2020, San Francisco officially sanctioned homeless encampments.
Starting in June 2020, reports were received of a loud hum produced by the new railing slats on the Golden Gate Bridge, heard across the city when a strong west wind was blowing.
As of 2020, the San Francisco metropolitan area, with 4.5 million residents, ranked 5th by GDP ($874 billion) across the OECD countries.
Between 1991 and 2020, San Francisco recorded an average coldest day at 49 °F (9 °C).
In 2020, African Americans constituted about 5% of San Francisco's population.
In 2020, the San Francisco Shock won back-to-back championship title in the Overwatch League.
In the proposed 2020–2021 budget the city budgeted $850 million for homelessness services.
The 2020 United States census showed San Francisco's population to be 873,965, an increase of 8.5% from the 2010 census.
As of 2021, sea levels are projected to rise by as much as 5 feet (1.5 m), resulting in periodic flooding, rising groundwater levels, and lowland floods from more severe storms.
In 2021, San Francisco gained a reputation for car break-ins, with over 19,000 incidents occurring.
In 2021, Walk Score ranked San Francisco the most walkable city in the United States.
In the proposed 2020–2021 budget the city budgeted $850 million for homelessness services.
As of the first quarter of 2022, the median value of homes in San Francisco County was $1,297,030, ranking third in the U.S. for counties with the highest median home value.
In 2022 a measure on the ballot passed to protect JFK drive in Golden Gate Park as a pedestrian and biking space with 59% of voters in favor.
In 2022, San Francisco received over 1.7 million international visitors and approximately 20 million domestic visitors.
In 2022, the Golden State Warriors won the franchise's first championship while residing in San Francisco proper.
In 2022, the San Francisco Art Institute, which was founded in 1871 and was the oldest art school west of the Mississippi, closed.
As of 2023, San Francisco is ranked first among U.S. cities proper with over 250,000 residents by per capita income and sixth by aggregate income. The San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland combined statistical area had an estimated population of over nine million in 2023.
As of 2023, the San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) is the eighth-largest transit system in the United States.
In 2023, GDP in the five-county San Francisco metropolitan area grew 3.4% in real terms to $779 billion. As of 2023, San Francisco County ranked 11th by income per capita among U.S. counties, with a per capita personal income of $164,807.
In 2023, San Francisco proper had a GDP of $263.1 billion and a GDP per capita of $325,000.
According to statistics released by SFPD in April 2024, the crime figures were down in the first 100 days of the year, namely in terms of robberies, burglaries and larceny. In the first half of 2024, San Francisco experienced a 32% decrease in overall crime compared to the previous year.
According to San Francisco's Point-in-Time (PIT) count, the homeless population in 2024 was approximately 8,323 individuals. Additionally, over 20,000 people in the city were seeking homeless services.
As of 2024, San Francisco has a population of 827,526 residents, making it the fourth-most populous city in California.
As of 2024, the largest private-sector employer in San Francisco is Salesforce, with 11,953 employees.
In 2024, the Global Financial Centres Index ranked San Francisco as the fifth-most competitive financial center in the world.
San Francisco's Vision Zero plan has a goal of ending all traffic fatalities caused by motor vehicles within the city by 2024.
San Francisco's zero-waste goal aims to divert 100% of waste from landfills by 2025.
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