The Boston Red Sox are a Major League Baseball team founded in 1901 and based in Boston. A charter franchise of the American League, they play in the AL East Division and have called Fenway Park their home since 1912. Named the "Red Sox" around 1908, the team boasts nine World Series championships, tying for third-most in MLB, with their latest victory in 2018. They also secured the 1904 American League pennant but couldn't defend their 1903 World Series title due to the New York Giants' refusal to participate in the 1904 World Series.
Prior to the 1900 season, Ban Johnson changed the name of the Western League to the American League.
In 1901, Cy Young won the pitching Triple Crown with 33 wins, a 1.62 ERA, and 158 strikeouts.
In 1901, playing at Huntington Avenue Grounds, the Boston franchise finished second in the league.
In 1901, the American League created a franchise in Boston, called the "Boston Americans", to compete with the National League team.
In 1901, the Boston Red Sox were founded as one of the American League's eight charter franchises.
In January 1902, C.W. Somers sold all but one share of the Boston Americans team to Henry Killilea.
In 1902, the Boston American League team's jerseys sported large letters "B" and "A", denoting "Boston" and "American".
In 1903, the Boston Americans won their first American League pennant and subsequently participated in the first modern World Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates, winning the series five games to three.
In 1903, the Boston Red Sox won their first World Series championship.
In 1903, the Red Sox defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series.
In April 1904, John I. Taylor of Boston purchased the Boston Americans baseball team.
On May 5, 1904, Cy Young threw the franchise's first no-hitter and only perfect game against the Philadelphia Athletics.
In 1904, the Boston Red Sox won the American League pennant but were unable to defend their 1903 World Series championship due to the New York Giants' refusal to participate in the 1904 World Series.
In 1905, a sharp public reaction after the 1904 New York Giants declined to play any postseason series led the two leagues to make the World Series a permanent championship.
In December 1907, John I. Taylor said that the Pilgrims nickname "sounded too much like homeless wanderers."
In December 1907, team owner Taylor proposed that the Boston Americans change their name to the Boston Red Sox.
On December 18, 1907, Taylor announced that the club had officially adopted red as its new team color.
After the 1907 season, owner John I. Taylor chose the name Red Sox, which refers to the red hose in the team uniform.
Around 1908, team owner John I. Taylor chose the name "Red Sox" for the team, following the example of previous "Boston Red Stockings" teams.
In 1908, the Red Sox team uniform began to feature red hose.
In 1908, the Red Sox uniforms featured a large icon of a red stocking across the shirt front.
By 1909, center fielder Tris Speaker had become a fixture in the Boston outfield, and the team finished the season in third place.
In 1912, Fenway Park became the home ballpark for the Boston Red Sox.
In 1912, The Red Sox's old franchise record of 105 wins was set in 1912.
In 1912, the Boston National League team officially adopted the nickname "Braves."
In 1912, the Red Sox won 105 games and the pennant, then beat the New York Giants 4–3–1 in the World Series.
From 1913 the Red Sox were owned by Joseph Lannin.
In 1914, Joseph Lannin signed a young up-and-coming pitcher named Babe Ruth from the Baltimore Orioles.
In 1915, the Red Sox won 101 games and the World Series, where they beat the Philadelphia Phillies four games to one.
In 1916, Harry Frazee bought the Red Sox from Joseph Lannin for about $675,000.
In 1916, the Red Sox went on to win the World Series, defeating the Brooklyn Robins.
On December 18, 1918, outfielder Duffy Lewis, pitcher Dutch Leonard and pitcher Ernie Shore were traded to the Yankees for pitcher Ray Caldwell, Slim Love, Roxy Walters, Frank Gilhooley and $15,000.
In 1918, Babe Ruth led the team to another World Series championship over the Chicago Cubs.
In 1918, the Red Sox last clinched the World Series at home in Fenway Park. The team clinched the 2013 World Series at home, marking the first time since 1918.
In 1918, the Red Sox won another championship. After the 1918 win, they entered a long championship drought, later known as the "Curse of the Bambino," allegedly caused by the sale of Babe Ruth.
In 1918, the numbers hung on the right-field facade marked the eve of the first game of the 1918 World Series.
In July 1919, pitcher Carl Mays quit the team and was then traded to the Yankees for Bob McGraw, Allan Russell and $40,000.
In December 1919, the non-musical stage play called My Lady Friends, which had been financed by Ruth's sale to the Yankees, opened on Broadway.
On December 26, 1919, the team sold Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees.
On January 6, 1920, the sale of Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees was announced.
In December 1920, Wally Schang, Waite Hoyt, Harry Harper and Mike McNally were traded to the Yankees for Del Pratt, Muddy Ruel, Hank Thormahlen, Sammy Vick.
On July 23, 1922, Joe Dugan and Elmer Smith were traded to the Yankees for Elmer Miller, Chick Fewster, Johnny Mitchell, and Lefty O'Doul.
In 1923, Herb Pennock was traded by the Red Sox to the Yankees for Camp Skinner, Norm McMillan, and George Murray.
In 1923, the losses for the Boston Red Sox increased after Frazee sold the team to Bob Quinn.
In 1925, the Broadway musical No, No, Nanette opened, which was believed to be financed by the sale of Babe Ruth.
In 1931, Earl Webb set the all-time mark for most doubles in a season with 67.
In 1931, jersey numbers started being issued to Red Sox players.
In 1932, the Boston Red Sox bottomed out with a record of 43–111, which is still the worst record in franchise history.
In 1933, Tom Yawkey bought the Boston Red Sox and acquired pitchers Wes Ferrell and Lefty Grove, shortstop and manager Joe Cronin, and first baseman Jimmie Foxx.
In 1938, Jimmie Foxx hit 50 home runs, which stood as a Boston Red Sox club record for 68 years. That year Foxx also set a club-record of 175 runs.
In 1939, the Boston Red Sox purchased the contract of outfielder Ted Williams from the minor league San Diego Padres of the Pacific Coast League.
In 1941, Ted Williams became the last player to hit over .400 for a full season, batting .406.
The Red Sox joined the 1942 Toronto Maple Leafs and the 1975 New York Islanders as the only North American professional sports teams in history at the time to win a best-of-seven games series after being down 3–0.
In 1946, Enos Slaughter's "mad dash" was one of the memorable moments in World Series history.
In 1946, The Red Sox surpassed the 100-win mark for the first time since 1946.
In 1946, with Ted Williams, the Boston Red Sox reached the World Series but lost to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games, partially due to the use of the "Williams Shift".
The St. Louis Cardinals won the 1946 World Series when Enos Slaughter scored the go-ahead run all the way from first base on a base hit to left field.
In 1948, the Boston Red Sox finished in a tie with Cleveland, and their loss to Cleveland in a one-game playoff ended hopes of an all-Boston World Series.
In 1949, the Boston Red Sox were one game ahead of the New York Yankees, with the only two games left for both teams being against each other, and they lost both of those games.
In 1953, Ted Williams returned to the Boston Red Sox after serving in the Korean War.
In 1957, Ted Williams hit .388 at the age of 38 for the Boston Red Sox.
In 1959, the Boston Red Sox finally became the last Major League team to field an African American player when they promoted infielder Pumpsie Green from their AAA farm team.
Ted Williams retired at the end of the 1960 season, famously hitting a home run in his final at-bat.
In 1961, Carl "Yaz" Yastrzemski debuted for the Boston Red Sox, becoming Williams' replacement in left field.
In 1964, Tony Conigliaro slugged 24 home runs for the Boston Red Sox.
In 1965, the Red Sox had their worst season until the 2012 season.
In 1983, the Boston Red Sox posted their worst record since 1966.
On August 18, 1967, Tony Conigliaro was struck just above the left cheek bone by a fastball thrown by Jack Hamilton of the California Angels.
In 1967, during the season of the "Impossible Dream", the Boston Red Sox won the AL pennant after finishing ninth place in 1966. Carl Yastrzemski won the American League Triple Crown.
The "Impossible Dream" took place in 1967, marking one of the memorable moments in Red Sox history.
In 1970, Tony Conigliaro had a productive season for the Boston Red Sox after recovering from being hit by a pitch in 1967.
In 1972, the Boston Red Sox lost the AL East division title by a half-game to the Detroit Tigers.
In 1975, Carlton Fisk's home run was one of the memorable moments in World Series history.
In 1975, Game 6 of the World Series between the Boston Red Sox and the Cincinnati Reds is considered among the greatest games in postseason history. Carlton Fisk hit a game-winning home run in the 12th inning.
In 1975, the Boston Red Sox lost game 7 of the World Series to the Cincinnati Reds 4-3, despite having an early 3-0 lead.
In 1975, the Boston Red Sox won the AL pennant. Fred Lynn won both the American League Rookie of the Year award and the Most Valuable Player award.
The Red Sox joined the 1942 Toronto Maple Leafs and the 1975 New York Islanders as the only North American professional sports teams in history at the time to win a best-of-seven games series after being down 3–0.
In 1976, Tom Yawkey died and his wife Jean R. Yawkey took control of the team.
On May 26, 1978, the Boston Red Sox reorganized as a limited partnership.
In 1978, the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees were involved in a tight pennant race. The Yankees were 14+1⁄2 games behind the Red Sox in July, and on September 10, after completing a 4-game sweep of the Red Sox (known as "The Boston Massacre"), the Yankees tied for the divisional lead.
From 1980 to 1983, Red Sox General Manager Lou Gorman was vice-president, player personnel, of the New York Mets.
Carl Yastrzemski retired after the 1983 season, during which the Boston Red Sox finished sixth in the seven-team AL East.
In 1983, Red Sox General Manager Lou Gorman ended his tenure as vice-president, player personnel, of the New York Mets.
In 1986, Bill Buckner's error was one of the memorable moments in World Series history.
In 1986, the Boston Red Sox faced the New York Mets in the World Series. Game 6 became one of the most devastating losses in club history, with the Mets scoring runs in the 8th and 10th innings to win.
In 1995, the Red Sox postseason losing streak reached 13 straight games, dating back to the 1986 World Series.
In 1988, the Red Sox returned to the postseason. Midway through the season, on July 15th, manager John McNamara was fired and replaced by Joe Morgan. The team then surged to the AL East title but were swept by the Oakland Athletics in the ALCS.
In 1990, Yankees fans started chanting "1918!" to taunt the Red Sox. Also in June, the Yankees fired Bucky Dent as their manager during a four-game series sweep by the Red Sox at Fenway Park.
In 1990, the Boston Red Sox got retribution when the New York Yankees fired Bucky Dent as their manager during a series at Fenway Park.
In 1990, the Red Sox won the division again and faced the Athletics in the ALCS, but were swept in four straight games.
In 1991, the Minnesota Twins were the first team to win the World Series a year after finishing in last place, the Red Sox became the second overall in 2013.
In 1992, Jean R. Yawkey died, and control of the team passed to the Yawkey Trust.
After Roger Clemens turned 30, he had four seasons, 1993-96, which were mediocre by his standards, leading to speculation about his career.
In 1994, Dan Duquette replaced Lou Gorman as General Manager of the Red Sox.
In 1995, Troy O'Leary started wearing Tony Conigliaro's number 25.
In 1995, the Red Sox captured their first AL East title since 1995, marking a significant achievement for the team.
In 1995, the Red Sox won the AL East, but were swept in three games in the ALDS by the Cleveland Indians.
Since 1995, the team has maintained its own hall of fame, recognizing distinguished careers of former uniformed and non-uniformed team personnel.
On September 18, 1996, Roger Clemens tied his major league record by striking out 20 Detroit Tigers in one of his final appearances in a Red Sox uniform.
In 1997, Major League Baseball officially retired the number 42.
In 1997, the Red Sox had their previous losing season before the 2012 season.
In 1997, the Red Sox traded Heathcliff Slocumb to Seattle for Jason Varitek and Derek Lowe.
In 1998, Mo Vaughn last wore the number 42 for the team due to a grandfather clause after it was retired by MLB in 1997.
In 1998, the 2018 Red Sox are considered one of the best baseball teams since the 1998 New York Yankees.
Prior to the start of the 1998 season, the Red Sox traded for Pedro Martínez. The team won the American League Wild Card but lost the American League Division Series to the Indians.
In 1999, Dan Duquette called Fenway Park "economically obsolete" and led a push for a new stadium with Red Sox ownership.
In 1999, the Red Sox overturned their fortunes against the Indians in the American League Division Series, winning after being down 2-0. They then lost the American League Championship Series to the Yankees.
After the 2000 season, Dan Duquette spent money on free agents, notably an 8-year, $160 million deal for Manny Ramírez.
In 2000, the Red Sox were one of the teams that failed to repeat as World Series champions.
In 2001, Ichiro Suzuki duplicated Fred Lynn's 1975 feat by winning both the American League Rookie of the Year award and the Most Valuable Player award.
In 2001, The Red Sox won the most games of any MLB team since the 2001 Seattle Mariners won 116.
In 2001, Troy O'Leary stopped wearing Tony Conigliaro's number 25.
In 2002, coach Dwight Evans started wearing Tony Conigliaro's number 25.
In 2002, the Red Sox were sold by the Yawkey Trust, concluding 70 years of Yawkey ownership.
In 2002, the Red Sox were sold to New England Sports Ventures. Dan Duquette was fired as GM, Mike Port took the helm, and Joe Kerrigan was fired and replaced by Grady Little as manager.
On May 15, 2003, the Red Sox began a streak of selling out every home game.
During the 2003-04 offseason, the Red Sox acquired Curt Schilling and Keith Foulke. At the July 31 trading deadline as part of a four-team trade, the Red Sox acquired Doug Mientkiewicz and Orlando Cabrera and Dave Roberts. Players and fans affectionately referred to the players as "the Idiots".
In 2003, the Red Sox, known as the "Cowboy Up" team, rallied to win the ALDS against the Athletics. However, they lost the ALCS to the Yankees in a dramatic Game 7.
Following the 2003 season, Terry Francona was hired to manage the 2004 season.
In 2004, David Ortiz was on the active playoff roster of the World Series championship team.
In 2004, the Red Sox swept the St. Louis Cardinals in the World Series, winning their first championship in 86 years. Manny Ramírez was named World Series MVP.
In 2005, the Yankees won the AL East, and the Red Sox were swept in the first round of the playoffs by the Chicago White Sox.
In 2006, David Ortiz broke Jimmie Foxx's single-season Red Sox home run record by hitting 54 homers. However, the Red Sox failed to make the playoffs.
On September 1, 2007, Clay Buchholz threw a no-hitter against the Baltimore Orioles in his second Major League start.
In 2007, David Ortiz was on the active playoff roster of the World Series championship team.
In 2007, MLB invited players to wear the number 42 for games played on April 15 in commemoration of Jackie Robinson Day; Coco Crisp (CF), David Ortiz (DH), and DeMarlo Hale (Coach) did so.
In 2007, the Red Sox swept the Colorado Rockies in the World Series, securing their second title in four years. Mike Lowell was named the World Series MVP.
On November 14, 2007, MLB announced that the Boston Red Sox had won the bid for the rights to negotiate a contract with Japanese pitcher Daisuke Matsuzaka for $51.1 million and completed a 6-year, $52 million contract.
On May 19, 2008, Jon Lester threw a no-hitter against the Kansas City Royals.
In 2008, MLB invited players to wear the number 42 for games played on April 15 in commemoration of Jackie Robinson Day; Coco Crisp (CF), David Ortiz (DH), and DeMarlo Hale (Coach) did so.
In 2008, the Red Sox traded Manny Ramirez to the Dodgers and acquired Jason Bay. Despite being down 0-7 against Tampa Bay Rays, Boston mounted a comeback to win 8-7. The Red Sox ultimately failed to repeat as World Series champions.
In 2009, the Red Sox made it to postseason play, but were swept in the ALDS by the Los Angeles Angels.
Starting in 2009, MLB had all uniformed players for all teams wear number 42 for Jackie Robinson Day.
In 2010, the Red Sox placed third in their division and did not make the playoffs.
The Red Sox joined the 1942 Toronto Maple Leafs and the 1975 New York Islanders as the only North American professional sports teams in history at the time to win a best-of-seven games series after being down 3–0. (The 2010 Philadelphia Flyers and the 2014 Los Angeles Kings would later accomplish the feat).
In September 2011, the Red Sox collapsed, becoming the first team in MLB history to blow a 9-game lead in the division, ultimately failing to make the playoffs.
In December 2011, Bobby Valentine was hired as the new manager of the Red Sox.
In 2012, Miguel Cabrera became the first player since Carl Yastrzemski in 1967 to accomplish the Triple Crown, winning the American League Triple Crown.
In 2012, manager Bobby Valentine started wearing Tony Conigliaro's number 25.
In 2012, the Red Sox celebrated the centennial of Fenway Park, but struggled throughout the season, finishing with their first losing season since 1997 and their worst since 1965.
In 2012, the Red Sox finished last in the American League East.
In 2012, the retired numbers on the right-field facade were rearranged in chronological order of retirement.
On April 10, 2013, the Red Sox's streak of selling out every home game ended after 820 games.
On April 15, 2013, the Boston Marathon bombing occurred, leading to a close association between the Red Sox and the city throughout the season.
On September 20, 2013, the Red Sox clinched the American League East division title, completing a worst-to-first turnaround.
On September 28, 2013, the Red Sox secured home field advantage throughout the American League playoffs after the Oakland Athletics lost.
In 2013, David Ortiz was on the active playoff roster of the World Series championship team.
The Red Sox joined the 1942 Toronto Maple Leafs and the 1975 New York Islanders as the only North American professional sports teams in history at the time to win a best-of-seven games series after being down 3–0. (The 2010 Philadelphia Flyers and the 2014 Los Angeles Kings would later accomplish the feat).
On September 12, 2015, David Ortiz hit his 500th career home run off Matt Moore, becoming the 27th player in MLB history to reach that milestone.
In November 2015, David Ortiz announced that the 2016 season would be his last.
In 2015, the Red Sox previously missed the playoffs until 2019
In 2017, David Ortiz had his number 34 retired by the Red Sox, less than eight months after playing the final game of his career.
In 2017, the Red Sox and manager Alex Cora mutually parted ways after he was named in the MLB's report about the Houston Astros sign stealing scandal, which occurred during his tenure as bench coach with the 2017 Astros.
In 2017, the Red Sox repeated as division champions with a 93-69 record, but were eliminated by the Houston Astros in the ALDS. John Farrell was fired and replaced by Alex Cora.
On October 8, 2018, Brock Holt became the first player in MLB history to hit for the cycle in the postseason, doing so in a 16–1 win over the New York Yankees in Game 3 of the 2018 American League Division Series.
In 2018, The Red Sox finished with a 108–54 record, winning the American League East division title, breaking the franchise record of 105 wins that had been set in 1912 and surpassing the 100-win mark for the first time since 1946
In 2018, the Boston Red Sox won their fourth World Series trophy in the 21st century.
In 2018, the Red Sox allegedly used their video replay room to steal signs.
In 2018, the Red Sox retained most players from the 2018 championship team.
In 2018, the Red Sox won 108 games. This win stood as the club record.
In 2019, despite retaining most players from the 2018 championship team, the Red Sox won 24 fewer games, missed the playoffs, and dismissed President of Baseball Operations Dave Dombrowski.
On January 7, 2020, The Athletic reported that the Red Sox used their video replay room to steal signs during their 2018 season.
In 2021, management announced that Roenicke would not return as manager for the 2021 season.
Since the 2021 season, Boston's farm system has consisted of six minor league affiliates, fielding seven minor league teams.
In 2022, David Ortiz was elected to the Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility.
As of the end of the 2024 season, the franchise's all-time regular-season record is 9,955–9,263–83 (.518).
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