Doctor Doom, created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, is a Marvel Comics supervillain and the archenemy of the Fantastic Four, debuting in 1962. He is typically portrayed as a genius-level intellect, a master of both science and magic, and the monarch of the fictional nation of Latveria. Driven by a combination of intellectual arrogance, a disfigured face, and a traumatic past, Doom seeks world domination to impose his vision of order. He is renowned for his advanced armor, unyielding will, and complex, often contradictory, motivations, which make him one of Marvel's most compelling and enduring villains.
In April 1962, Doctor Doom, created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, made his debut in The Fantastic Four #5, establishing himself as the archenemy of the Fantastic Four.
In 1963, The Maker established the futuristic enclave known as "The City" at Latveria, showcasing himself as a force of progress and performing feats such as taking care of external threats like Galactus and performing a moon landing.
In 1975, Doctor Doom's appearances broadened beyond the Fantastic Four comics, extending into other Marvel titles such as Astonishing Tales, The Incredible Hulk, and Super-Villain Team-Up.
Beginning with issue #42 in February 1976, Doctor Doom had appearances in Marvel Team-Up. This marked a continuation of Doctor Doom's expansion into other Marvel titles.
In 1976, Marvel and DC Comics collaborated on Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man, which lead to another collaboration in 1981.
In August 1981, Doctor Doom appeared in Iron Man, where Stark thwarted Doom's time-travelling plan to enlist Morgan le Fay to defeat King Arthur's forces with an army of revived warriors. He was stranded in the past and vowed revenge.
In 1981, John Byrne began his six-year run writing and illustrating Fantastic Four, with Doctor Doom making his first appearance under Byrne's tenure with issue #236. Byrne emphasized Doom's honor and humanity despite his ruthlessness, and detailed how Doom's face was truly ravaged.
In 1981, to replicate the success of the previous collaboration, Marvel and DC teamed up again for Superman and Spider-Man. Jim Shooter chose Doctor Doom as the villain due to his iconic status, pitting "their greatest hero against our greatest villain."
In 1987, Jack Kirby described Doctor Doom's design as a classic conception of Death, symbolized by the Man in the Iron Mask with armor and a hood, representing inhuman steel and the absence of mercy.
In 2003, Mark Waid redefined Doctor Doom in the "Unthinkable" storyline where Doom forsakes technology for mysticism, killing his first love, Valeria, to gain demonic powers, and imprisons Franklin Richards in Hell.
In 2004, during the "Ragnarok" storyline in Thor, Doctor Doom escapes from Hell after Thor's hammer, Mjolnir, creates a dimensional tear.
In 2005, Doctor Doom starred in the limited series Books of Doom, written by Ed Brubaker, which explored his early life and questioned his path to dictatorship.
In 2006, Ed Brubaker continues the Books of Doom series and explored his early life and questioned his path to dictatorship.
In 2015, events involving Doctor Doom, including his death and return from Hell, were later removed from Marvel continuity in the Secret Wars storyline.
In 2019, Doctor Doom was featured in his first solo series. He is framed for a Moon space station explosion he had warned about, while also experiencing random encounters with rival supervillain Kang the Conqueror due to a theorized quantum entanglement.
In 2021, in the "Heroes Reborn" reality, a variation of Doctor Doom appears as a member of the Masters of Doom and can turn into Doctor Juggernaut using the Gem of Cyttorak, attacking the White House and fighting Hyperion after escaping from the Negative Zone.
In 2025, Robert Downey Jr. portrayed Doctor Doom in The Fantastic Four: First Steps film, marking his entry into the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) franchise.
In 2099, Doctor Doom (Victor von Doom) is featured in the Marvel 2099 comic book Doom 2099.
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