Eli Lilly and Company, founded in 1876 by pharmaceutical chemist and Civil War veteran Eli Lilly, is an American multinational pharmaceutical corporation headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. Operating in 18 countries, its products reach approximately 125 countries globally. The company is named after its founder, Eli Lilly.
Eli Lilly reports Zepbound demonstrated greater weight loss than Wegovy in a head-to-head trial. The study compared effectiveness of these weight loss drugs, Mounjaro and Wegovy, highlighting Zepbound's potential advantage for patients seeking weight management solutions.
In 1905, under J. K. Lilly's oversight, Eli Lilly underwent a significant expansion and achieved annual sales of $1 million.
In 1906, following the San Francisco earthquake, Eli Lilly continued its tradition of civic mindedness by sending much-needed medicine to support recovery efforts.
In 1909, Eli Lilly, grandson of the company's founder, introduced a method for blueprinting manufacturing tickets. This method created multiple copies of a drug formula and helped eliminate manufacturing and transcription errors.
In 1911, as part of expanded manufacturing facilities at its McCarty Street plant, Eli Lilly opened a new Science Building (Building 14), which improved production capacity.
In 1913, Eli Lilly opened a new capsule plant (Building 15) at its McCarty Street plant. In the same year, the company began construction of Lilly Biological Laboratories, a research and manufacturing plant on 150 acres near Greenfield, Indiana.
In 1917, Scientific American described Eli Lilly as 'the largest capsule factory in the world' and reported that the company was 'capable of producing 2.5 million capsules a day'.
In 1919, Eli Lilly hired George Henry Alexander Clowes as director of biochemical research.
In 1923, Banting and Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize for their research, which they subsequently shared with co-discoverers Charles Best and James Collip. Insulin became the most important drug in the company's history, making Lilly one of the major pharmaceutical manufacturers in the world.
In 1923, Eli Lilly began selling Iletin, its tradename for the first commercially available insulin product in the U.S. for the treatment of diabetes. Despite objections from the Insulin Committee of the University of Toronto, production continued under this name, and the objection was later dropped as a concession.
In June 1924, Frederick Stearns & Co., became the first of the new American licensees, and entered the insulin market, ending Eli Lilly and Company's effective monopoly on the sale of insulin in the U.S. for almost two years.
In 1926, Building 22, a new five-floor plant opened in Indianapolis, implementing the straight-line production concept to improve production efficiency and lower production costs. This enhanced the manufacturing process and allowed the company to hire a regular workforce.
In 1926, for the company's 50th anniversary, sales had reached $9 million and it was producing over 2,800 products, largely due to the success of Insulin.
In 1928, Eli Lilly introduced Liver Extract 343 for the treatment of pernicious anemia in a joint venture with two Harvard University scientists, George Minot and William P. Murphy.
In 1930, Eli Lilly introduced Liver Extract No. 55 in collaboration with George Whipple, a University of Rochester scientist.
In 1930, Lilly launched merthiolate, a mercury-based antiseptic and germicide.
In 1932, despite the economic challenges of the Great Depression, Lilly's sales rose to $13 million. Also in 1932, Eli Lilly, eldest grandson of Col. Lilly, was named as the company's president, succeeding his father.
In 1934, Eli Lilly and Company Limited, the company's first overseas subsidiary, was established in London, and a manufacturing plant was opened in Basingstoke.
In 1934, Eli Lilly built a new research laboratory in Indianapolis, and began conducting clinical studies at Indianapolis City Hospital as part of its research and product development process.
In 1934, Eli Lilly opened two new facilities on the McCarty Street complex: a replica of Lilly's 1876 laboratory and the new Lilly Research Laboratories, 'one of the most fully equipped facilities in the world.'
In 1934, Minot, Murphy, and Whipple were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their research, which led to Eli Lilly's development of Liver Extract 343 and Liver Extract No. 55.
In 1936, Eli Lilly provided relief to victims following the Johnstown Flood, continuing the company tradition of aiding disaster victims.
In 1937, Josiah K. Lilly Sr. and his two sons, Eli and Joe, founded the Lilly Endowment, a private charitable foundation, with gifts of Lilly stock.
In 1943, Eli Lilly International Corp. was formed as a subsidiary to encourage business trade abroad.
In 1944, Eli Lilly announced a company reorganization to prepare for future expansion and separate company management from its ownership. The corporation was divided into smaller groups headed by vice presidents.
In 1945, Eli Lilly began a major expansion effort that included two manufacturing operations in Indianapolis, purchasing the Curtiss-Wright propeller plant.
In 1947, Eli Lilly introduced methadone, marketed under the trade name "Dolophine", to the United States after acquiring the rights to produce the drug commercially due to the seizure of German patents following World War II.
In mid-1947, renovation of the Kentucky Avenue location was completed, facilitating the manufacturing of antibiotics and capsules and housing the company's shipping department.
By 1948, Eli Lilly employed nearly 7,000 people, reflecting its continued growth and expansion.
By 1948, Eli Lilly employees worked in 35 countries, mostly as sales representatives in Latin America, Asia, and Africa, continuing its international expansion.
In 1948, Eli Lilly retired from active management and became chairman of the board, relinquishing the presidency to his brother, Josiah K. Lilly Jr. During Eli's 16-year presidency, sales rose from $13 million in 1932 to $117 million in 1948.
In 1949, Eli Lilly partnered with the United States Army Reserve to establish a local Strategic Intelligence Research and Analysis (SIRA) Unit. This unit allowed employees to research company data for scientific logistics and Eurasian fields of study.
In 1950, Eli Lilly launched Tippecanoe Laboratories in Lafayette, Indiana, and increased antibiotic production with its patent on erythromycin.
In 1952, Eli Lilly offered its first public shares of stock, which are traded on the New York Stock Exchange.
In 1953, Eugene N. Beesley was named the company's new president, the first non-family member to run the company.
In 1953, following a company reorganization and transition to non-family management, Lilly continued to expand its global presence.
In 1954, Eli Lilly formed Elanco Products Company, named after its parent company, for the production of veterinary pharmaceuticals.
In 1954, the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, contracted with five pharmaceutical companies, including Lilly, to produce Salk's polio vaccine for clinical trials.
In 1955, Eli Lilly became the first company to mass-produce the polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk.
In 1955, Lilly manufactured 60 percent of Salk's polio vaccine, making a significant contribution to the widespread availability of the vaccine.
In 1966, Jacqueline Susann's novel "Valley of the Dolls" was released, featuring secobarbital as a central part of the plot where three successful Hollywood women fall victim to the drug.
In 1968, Eli Lilly and Company built its first research facility outside the United States, named the Lilly Research Centre, in Surrey, England.
In 1968, the Eli Lilly and Company Foundation was established as a tax-exempt private charitable foundation funded through Lilly's corporate profits.
In June 1969, actress Judy Garland died from a secobarbital overdose.
In 1969, Eli Lilly and Company opened a new plant in Clinton, Indiana.
In 1969, Lilly family members continued to serve as chairman of the board.
In September 1970, rock guitarist legend Jimi Hendrix died from a secobarbital overdose.
In 1971, Eli Lilly and Company became a component of the S&P 500 Index. Also in 1971, Lilly acquired cosmetic manufacturer Elizabeth Arden, Inc. for $38 million.
In 1971, Eli Lilly and Company began producing Keflex, an antibiotic drug.
In 1972, Richard Donald Wood became Lilly's president and CEO after the retirement of Burton E. Beck.
In 1977, Eli Lilly and Company began producing Dobutrex, a cardiogenic shock heart drug.
In 1977, Eli Lilly and Company ventured into medical instruments with the acquisition of IVAC Corporation and Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
In 1979, Eli Lilly and Company began producing Ceclore, which ultimately became the world's top-selling oral antibiotic.
In 1980, Eli Lilly and Company acquired Physio-Control, a pioneering company in defibrillation.
By 1982, Elizabeth Arden's sales were up 90 percent from 1978, with profits doubling to nearly $30 million.
In 1984, Eli Lilly and Company acquired Advance Cardiovascular Systems.
In 1986, Eli Lilly and Company acquired Hybritech.
In 1986, Eli Lilly introduced Prozac (fluoxetine), a drug used to treat clinical depression.
In 1986, Randall L. Tobias, a vice chairman of AT&T Corporation, became a Lilly board member.
In 1987, 16 years after acquiring it, Eli Lilly and Company sold Elizabeth Arden to Fabergé for $657 million.
In 1987, the US FDA approved Prozac for use in treating depression.
In September 1989, Joseph T. Wesbecker killed eight people and injured twelve before committing suicide. His relatives and victims blamed his actions on the Prozac medication he had begun taking a month prior, leading to lawsuits and public outcry.
In 1989, Eli Lilly and Company acquired Devices for Vascular Intervention.
In 1989, a joint agrochemical venture between Elanco and Dow Chemical created DowElanco.
In 1990, Eli Lilly and Company acquired Pacific Biotech.
In 1991, Vaughn Bryson became president and CEO and Wood became board chairman. During Bryson's 20-month tenure as Lilly's president and CEO, the company reported its first quarterly loss as a publicly traded company.
In 1991, Vaughn Bryson was named CEO of Eli Lilly and Company.
In 1992, Eli Lilly and Company acquired Origin Medsystems and Heart Rhythm Technologies.
Since early 1992, product and competitive pressures had steadily eroded Eli Lilly and Company's stock price.
In June 1993, Randall L. Tobias, was named chairman, president, and CEO, replacing Vaughn Bryson at the urging of Bryson's predecessor and then board chairman Richard Wood.
In 1993, Randall L. Tobias, vice chairman of AT&T Corporation, was named Eli Lilly and Company's chairman, president, and CEO.
In 1994, Eli Lilly and Company acquired PCS Systems, the largest drug benefits health maintenance organization at the time, for $4 billion.
In 1996, Eli Lilly introduced two drugs: Zyprexa (olanzapine), an antipsychotic medication, and Humalog (insulin lispro), a diabetes drug.
In 1996, Zyprexa (Olanzapine) was released for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as well as off-label uses.
In 1996, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved gemcitabine (Gemzar) for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
As of 1997, Eli Lilly and Company was the largest corporation and the largest charitable benefactor in the state of Indiana.
In 1997, Eli Lilly and Company sold its 40% share in DowElanco to Dow Chemical for $1.2 billion, and the name was changed to Dow AgroSciences.
In July 1998, Sidney Taurel, former chief operating officer of Lilly, was named CEO to replace Tobias, who retired.
In 1998, Eli Lilly dedicated new laboratories for clinical research at the Indiana University Medical Center in Indianapolis.
In 1998, Sidney Taurel was named CEO of Eli Lilly and Company, replacing Tobias. Also in 1998, Lilly formed a joint venture with Icos Corporation (ICOS) to develop and commercialize Cialis.
In January 1999, Sidney Taurel became chairman of the board.
In January 1999, Sidney Taurel was named chairman of Eli Lilly and Company.
In 1999, Lilly ceased manufacturing Secobarbital, marketed under the brand name Seconal, due to the onset of new therapies for the treatment of conditions it was used for.
In 2000, Eli Lilly and Company reported $10.86 billion in net sales.
In September 2002, Eli Lilly and Company agreed to partner with Amylin Pharmaceuticals to develop and commercialize a new drug based on exendin-4.
In November 2002, congressional Republicans inserted a provision into a domestic security bill, protecting Eli Lilly from federal suits alleging that the drug, Thiomersal caused autism and other neurological disorders in children.
After 2002, generic versions of Prozac appeared.
In 2003, Eli Lilly and Company introduced Cialis (tadalafil), as a competitor to Pfizer's Viagra for erectile dysfunction.
In October 2004, the FDA added a boxed warning to all antidepressant drugs regarding use in children, citing increased risk of suicidal events.
In 2004, Eli Lilly introduced Cymbalta (duloxetine), a drug used to treat clinical depression.
In April 2005, Exenatide, the first of the GLP-1 receptor agonists, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
In October 2005, John C. Lechleiter had served as Lilly's president and chief operating officer
In December 2005, Eli Lilly and Company agreed to plead guilty and pay $36 million in connection with the illegal promotion of the drug Evista, which included training sales representatives to promote Evista for unapproved uses and concealing disclosures about its effectiveness.
In October 2006, Eli Lilly and Company announced its intention to acquire Icos for $2.1 billion, or $32 per share.
In December 2006, Lilly bought Icos in order to gain full control of the product Cialis.
In 2006, Eli Lilly paid $700 million to settle around 8,000 lawsuits related to Prozac.
In 2006, the FDA expanded its boxed warning on antidepressant drugs to include adults aged 25 or younger, due to increased risk of suicidal events.
In January 2007, Eli Lilly and Company completed the acquisition of Icos after Icos' shareholders approved Lilly's offer.
In December 2007, CMC Biopharmaceuticals A/S (CMC) bought the Bothell, Washington-based biologics facility from Eli Lilly and Company and retained the existing 127 employees.
In early 2007, Eli Lilly settled around 18,000 additional suits for $500 million, bringing the total Lilly had paid to settle suits related to Prozac to $1.2 billion.
In March 2008, Eli Lilly settled a suit with the state of Alaska regarding its marketing practices.
In March 2008, Sidney Taurel retired as CEO, but remained as chairman of the board until December 31, 2008.
Effective April 1, 2008, John C. Lechleiter was elected as Lilly's CEO and president.
In August 2008, Eli Lilly purchased the right to manufacture bovine growth hormone from Monsanto, which is used to increase milk production in dairy cattle. Use of the supplement has become controversial due to animal ethics and human health concerns.
In October 2008, Eli Lilly agreed to pay $62 million to 32 states and the District of Columbia to settle suits brought under state consumer protection laws.
On December 31, 2008, Sidney Taurel retired as chairman of the board.
In 2008, Lilly's activities included research projects within the framework of the Innovative Medicines Initiative, a public-private research initiative in Europe that is a joint effort of the EFPIA and the European Commission.
In 2008, a consortium, which included Lilly S.A. in Switzerland, secured an €8 million budget for a 40-month project coordinated by the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA).
In January 2009, the largest criminal fine in U.S. history, totaling $1.415 billion, was imposed on Eli Lilly and Company for illegal marketing of its best-selling product, Zyprexa.
In 2009, Lilly pleaded guilty to illegally marketing Zyprexa and was penalized $1.415 billion. This included a criminal fine of $515 million, the largest ever in a healthcare case at the time.
In 2009, four sales representatives for Eli Lilly filed separate qui tam lawsuits against the company for illegally marketing Zyprexa for uses not approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
In 2010, the patent for Zyprexa expired.
In January 2011, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company announced a global agreement to jointly develop and market new APIs for diabetes therapy.
From 2012 to 2016, the annual cost of insulin for people with type 1 diabetes in the US almost doubled, from $2,900 to $5,700.
In September 2013, Eli Lilly sued Canada for violating its obligations to foreign investors under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by allowing its courts to invalidate patents for Strattera and Zyprexa.
In April 2014, Eli Lilly and Company announced plans to acquire Switzerland-based Novartis AG's animal health business for $5.4 billion in cash to strengthen and diversify its Elanco unit.
In 2014, Eli Lilly introduced Trulicity (dulaglutide), a diabetes drug that became one of the company's primary revenue drivers.
In March 2015, Eli Lilly and Company announced it would join Hanmi Pharmaceutical in developing and commercializing Hanmi's phase I Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor HM71224. A day later, the company announced another deal with China's Innovent Biologics to co-develop and commercialize at least three of Innovent's treatments over the next decade.
In April 2015, Eli Lilly and Company engaged CBRE Group to sell its biomanufacturing facility in Vacaville, California.
In July 2016, it was announced that Lechleiter would retire from Eli Lilly, and David Ricks was voted to succeed him in his position.
From 2012 to 2016, the annual cost of insulin for people with type 1 diabetes in the US almost doubled, from $2,900 to $5,700.
In January 2017, Elanco Animal Health, a subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, completed the acquisition of Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.'s U.S. feline, canine, and rabies vaccines portfolio.
In March 2017, Eli Lilly and Company acquired CoLucid Pharmaceuticals for $960 million, obtaining the late clinical-stage migraine therapy candidate, lasmiditan.
In August 2017, Eli Lilly and Company and Shionogi jointly licensed their product varespladib to Ophirex for Ophirex's novel snakebite treatment program.
In 2017, Eli Lilly ultimately lost its NAFTA case against Canada regarding the invalidation of patents for Strattera and Zyprexa.
In February 2018, the FDA ordered an update to the warnings on antidepressant drugs based on statistical evidence from twenty-four trials, which indicated the risk of adverse events increased from two percent to four percent relative to placebo trials.
In May 2018, Eli Lilly and Company acquired Armo Biosciences for $1.6 billion. Days later, the company announced it would acquire Aurora kinase A inhibitor developer AurKa Pharma.
In January 2019, Eli Lilly and Company announced it would acquire Loxo Oncology for $235 per share, valuing the business at around $8 billion, which significantly expanded the business's oncology offerings. The deal gave Lilly Loxo's oral TRK inhibitor, Vitrakvi (Larotrectinib), LOXO-292, an oral proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase rearranged during transfection (RET) inhibitor, LOXO-305, an oral Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, and LOXO-195, a follow-on TRK inhibitor.
In January 2019, lawmakers from the United States House of Representatives sent letters to Eli Lilly and other insulin manufacturers asking for explanations for their rapidly raising insulin prices.
In August 2019, Elanco acquired the Bayer animal health business for $7.6 billion.
In January 2020, Eli Lilly and Company announced its acquisition of Dermira for $1.1 billion, gaining control of lebrikizumab and other assets.
In January 2020, lawyer James Gottstein published "The Zyprexa Papers," detailing legal activities surrounding Zyprexa and its impact on the political landscape of psychiatry and antipsychiatry in the US.
In June 2020, Eli Lilly and Company, in collaboration with AbCellera, began the world's first study of a potential monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19, with a Phase 1 trial of LY-CoV555.
In August 2020, Eli Lilly and Company created the first of many customized recreational vehicles into mobile research units (MRU) to support mobile labs and clinical trial material preparation, in response to outbreaks of the virus at long-term care facilities across the U.S.
In September 2020, Amgen announced that they had partnered with Eli Lilly and Company to manufacture their COVID-19 antibody therapies.
Also in October 2020, Eli Lilly and Company announced that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) ACTIV-3 clinical trial evaluating its monoclonal antibody, bamlanivimab (LYCoV555), found that bamlanivimab was not effective in treating people hospitalized with COVID-19.
In October 2020, Eli Lilly and Company announced that its antibody cocktail was effective and that it had filed with the FDA for an emergency use authorization (EUA) for it. In the same month, Lilly announced it would acquire Disarm Therapeutics for $135 million plus a further $1.225 billion based on regulatory and commercial milestones.
In November 2020, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for Eli Lilly and Company's investigational monoclonal antibody therapy bamlanivimab for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adult and pediatric patients.
In December 2020, Eli Lilly and Company announced it would acquire Prevail Therapeutics Inc. for $1 billion, boosting its pipeline in neurodegenerative disease gene therapies.
In March 2021, Eli Lilly and Company was accused of sex discrimination by a former lobbyist who claimed she was forced to work in a sexually hostile work environment.
In April 2021, the FDA revoked the emergency use authorization (EUA) that allowed the investigational monoclonal antibody therapy bamlanivimab to be used for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults and certain pediatric patients.
On May 18 2021, the FDA accepted Eli Lilly and Company's application for Tyvyt (sintilimab), in combination with Lilly's own Alimta (pemetrexed) and platinum chemotherapy for newly diagnosed nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer.
In June 2021, Eli Lilly settled the sex discrimination lawsuit filed by a former lobbyist for an undisclosed amount.
In July 2021, Eli Lilly and Company announced it would acquire Protomer Technologies for more than $1 billion.
In September 2021, Eli Lilly and Company was accused in a federal court lawsuit of discriminating against older applicants for sales positions based on their implementation of hiring quotas for millennials.
In 2021, Eli Lilly filed a court motion in response to an advisory opinion from the Department of Health and Human Services about offering reduced pricing to covered outpatient drugs.
In January 2022, distribution of Lilly's COVID-19 antibody drug was paused due to lack of efficacy against the emerging omicron variant.
In February 2022, a second COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy, bebtelovimab, developed with AbCellera, was granted Emergency Use Authorization, with the U.S. government committing to a $720 million purchase of up to 600,000 doses.
In May 2022, the FDA approved Lilly's type 2 diabetes drug Mounjaro (tirzepatide).
In August 2022, following the overturning of Roe v. Wade, Lilly stated that Indiana's near-total abortion ban would make it difficult to attract talent to the state and that it would be forced to look for "more employment growth" elsewhere.
In October 2022, Eli Lilly announced it would acquire Akouos Inc. for $487 million in upfront and $123 million deferred payments.
In November 2022, renewed attention was brought to Eli Lilly's pricing of insulin after a verified Twitter account impersonating Eli Lilly posted on Twitter that insulin would now be free.
In 2022, the collaboration between Eli Lilly and Company and Innovent Biologics was expanded.
In January 2023, Lilly and TRexBio announced a collaboration and license agreement for three assets to treat immune-mediated diseases. TRexBio received an upfront payment of $55 million as part of this deal.
In March 2023, Eli Lilly announced a $35 cap on the price of monthly insulin to be put in place immediately in order to be in line with the Inflation Reduction Act.
In July 2023, Lilly announced it would acquire Versanis for $1.93 billion.
In October 2023, Eli Lilly acquired Point Biopharma for $1.4 billion.
In November 2023, the FDA approved tirzepatide for the treatment of obesity under the brand name Zepbound.
In March 2024, Lilly announced a deal with Amazon to offer home delivery of certain medications for diabetes, obesity, and migraines, on behalf of LillyDirect.
As of October 2024, tirzepatide's success as a blockbuster weight-loss drug had transformed Eli Lilly into the most valuable drug company in the world with a $842 billion market capitalization, the highest valuation ever achieved by a drug company to date.
In October 2024, Eli Lilly became the world's most valuable drug company, reaching a market capitalization of $842 billion, which is the highest valuation ever for a drug company.
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