James Mountain Inhofe was a prominent American politician who represented Oklahoma in the U.S. Senate from 1994 to 2023. As a Republican, he held the distinction of being Oklahoma's longest-serving U.S. Senator. His career in Oklahoma politics spanned nearly six decades, beginning in 1966 and continuing until his retirement in 2023. He held various elected positions within the state government before ascending to the national stage.
On November 17, 1934, James Mountain Inhofe was born. He later became a U.S. Senator from Oklahoma.
In August 1942, Jim Inhofe's family moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, after his father became president of the National Mutual Casualty company.
In 1942, Inhofe and his parents moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma.
In 1949, Tri-State, Jim Inhofe's father's company, was ordered by the National Labor Relations Board to cease discouraging union membership.
In 1950, Jim Inhofe's father was the official sponsor of Miss Tulsa and Miss Oklahoma winner Louise O'Brien.
In 1952, Jim Inhofe's mile relay quartet team broke a school record with a 3:32.6 time.
In January 1953, Jim Inhofe was elected treasurer of the Brones social club.
In 1954, Perry Inhofe, Jim Inhofe's father, served on the executive committee for Democratic governor Raymond D. Gary's successful campaign.
In 1956, Jim Inhofe received a draft letter from the United States Army.
In 1956, Jim Inhofe was drafted into the United States Army.
From 1957 to 1958, Jim Inhofe served in the United States Army, attaining the rank of Specialist 4.
In 1957, Jim Inhofe served in the United States Army.
From 1957 to 1958, Jim Inhofe served in the United States Army, attaining the rank of Specialist 4.
In 1958, Jim Inhofe continued to serve in the United States Army.
In 1958, Perry Inhofe Jr., Jim Inhofe's brother, ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Oklahoma House of Representatives as a Democrat.
On December 19, 1959, Jim Inhofe married Kay Kirkpatrick, with whom he had four children.
In 1959, Jim Inhofe was allowed to take part in graduation ceremonies, though he was a few credits short of completing his degree.
In 1961, Jim Inhofe became vice-president of his father's insurance company, Quaker Insurance.
In 1961, Jim Inhofe was appointed vice president of Quaker Insurance, a new life insurance company formed by his father.
In February 1966, Jim Inhofe launched his first campaign for office as a Republican, running for the Oklahoma House of Representatives's 71st district.
In November 1966, after Joseph McGraw resigned, Jim Inhofe was the first to announce his campaign for McGraw's former Oklahoma House of Representatives seat.
On December 29, 1966, Jim Inhofe was sworn into the Oklahoma House of Representatives.
In 1966, Jim Inhofe began representing parts of Tulsa in the Oklahoma House of Representatives.
In 1969, Jim Inhofe began representing parts of Tulsa in the Oklahoma Senate.
In 1969, Jim Inhofe sponsored a successful bill to bring a retired U.S. Navy submarine to Oklahoma.
In 1969, Jim Inhofe was the chairman of the Tulsa County Republican Convention and supported efforts to liberalize abortion laws in Oklahoma.
On June 17, 1970, Perry Inhofe, Jim Inhofe's father, died of a heart attack.
In September 1970, the USS Batfish was considered as an alternative to the USS Piranha.
In 1970, Governor Dewey Bartlett created the Oklahoma Narcotics and Drug Abuse Council and appointed Jim Inhofe as an inaugural member. He was also elected minority caucus chair of the Oklahoma Senate.
In 1970, after his father's death, Jim Inhofe became president of Quaker Life Insurance.
In 1978, the Tulsa Daily World heralded Inhofe's mayoral race as Randle's first election loss since he entered politics in 1970.
On December 9, 1971, the USS Batfish was officially given to the State of Oklahoma.
In 1971, Jim Inhofe served as the chairman of the Oklahoma Republican Party's State Convention.
On July 4, 1972, the USS Batfish was unofficially opened to the public.
In 1972, Jim Inhofe initially filed a resolution for Oklahoma to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment but retracted his support later that year.
In 1972, Jim Inhofe was appointed to serve as co-chair for Richard Nixon's 1972 presidential campaign in Oklahoma with Ralph Gordon Thompson.
Since 1972, Jim Inhofe had been floated as a potential gubernatorial candidate for Oklahoma.
By May 1973, Jim Inhofe was openly campaigning for Governor of Oklahoma, but had yet to officially announce his campaign.
In 1973, Jim Inhofe received a B.A. in economics from the University of Tulsa.
In 1973, the official opening of the USS Batfish to the public occurred on Memorial Day.
In May 1974, Jim Inhofe officially launched his campaign for Governor of Oklahoma.
In 1974, Jim Inhofe ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Oklahoma.
In April 1975, Jim Inhofe appointed Angela Keele, a 15-year-old, as the first blind page in Oklahoma history.
In 1975, Jim Inhofe's mother, Blanche M. Inhofe, passed away.
On February 19, 1976, Jim Inhofe officially announced his candidacy for Oklahoma's 1st congressional district.
In 1976, Jim Inhofe ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. House.
In 1977, Jim Inhofe ended his time representing parts of Tulsa in the Oklahoma Senate.
In January 1978, the Tulsa Daily World reported Republican party officials were courting Inhofe to run for Mayor of Tulsa. He initially denied he would run for any city office and instead insisted he was considering a rematch against Congressman Jones; but, Inhofe announced his mayoral campaign in February.
In 1978, Jim Inhofe was elected as the Mayor of Tulsa.
In January 1979, Inhofe attended the first swearing in of a governor of Oklahoma to occur in Tulsa when George Nigh was sworn in to serve the last five days of David Boren's term after Boren was elected to the U.S. Senate.
In December 1979, Inhofe officially announced his re-election campaign for a second term as mayor.
In 1994, incumbent senator David Boren, who had been serving in the Senate since 1979, agreed to become president of the University of Oklahoma and announced he would resign as soon as a successor was elected.
In 1982, Inhofe was reelected with 59% of the vote.
In 1984, Inhofe lost his re-election campaign to Terry Young.
In 1984, Jim Inhofe ended his service as the Mayor of Tulsa.
In 1986, Inhofe ran for the 1st District after James R. Jones retired and won the Republican primary with 54% of the vote. In the general election, he defeated Democrat Gary Allison 55%–43%.
In 1987, Inhofe voted against President Ronald Reagan's budget, which included tax increases and no increase in defense spending.
In 1987, Jim Inhofe began serving in the United States House of Representatives representing Oklahoma's 1st congressional district.
In 1988, Inhofe won reelection against Democrat Kurt Glassco 53%–47%.
In 1990, Inhofe defeated Kurt Glassco again, 56%–44%.
In 1990, Jim Inhofe ended up in litigation with his brother over the family companies, resulting in Perry paying $3 million to Jim.
In 1992, Inhofe was reelected with 53% of the vote.
In 1993, Inhofe first came to national attention when he led the effort to reform the House's discharge petition rule, which the House leadership had long used to bottle up bills in committee.
In 1994, Jim Inhofe campaigned for his Senate seat using the phrase "God, guns, and gays."
In 1994, Jim Inhofe resigned from the United States House of Representatives after being elected to the United States Senate.
In 1994, Jim Inhofe used his plane as a daily campaign vehicle to travel throughout Oklahoma while running for the U.S. Senate, visiting almost every town in the state.
In 1994, incumbent senator David Boren resigned, and Inhofe defeated Congressman Dave McCurdy in the general election for the open seat. 1994 also saw the Republican Party take both houses of the U.S. Congress and the Oklahoma governorship.
Inhofe was the longest-serving U.S. senator from Oklahoma, having served between 1994 and 2023.
Until his 1994 campaign for the U.S. Senate, Jim Inhofe's biographies indicated he had graduated in 1959, which he initially denied before acknowledging the discrepancy.
In 1995, Jim Inhofe co-sponsored a constitutional amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would give Congress and individual U.S. states the power to prohibit the physical desecration of the American flag. The bill's primary sponsor was Orrin Hatch (R-UT).
In 1995, Jim Inhofe voted to ban affirmative action hiring with federal funds.
After serving the last two years of Boren's term, Inhofe won his first full term in 1996.
In December 1997, Inhofe called the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, a "political, economic, and national security fiasco."
In 1997, Jim Inhofe voted to end special funding for minority- and women-owned businesses. The bill he voted for would have abolished a program that helps businesses owned by women and minorities to compete for federally funded transportation; it did not pass.
On February 12, 1999, Jim Inhofe was one of 50 senators who voted to convict and remove Bill Clinton from office.
In June 1999, Jim Inhofe held up seven more Clinton appointees in retaliation after President Bill Clinton appointed James Hormel, a gay man, as US Ambassador to Luxembourg in a recess appointment. Inhofe had stalled Hormel's nomination for over 20 months due to Hormel's sexual orientation.
In 2001, Jim Inhofe voted to loosen restrictions on cell phone wiretapping. The bill, which passed, removed the requirement that a person or party implementing an order to wiretap a private citizen's cellphone must ascertain that the target of the surveillance is present in the house or using the phone that has been tapped.
Before the Republicans regained control of the Senate in the November 2002 elections, Inhofe had compared the United States Environmental Protection Agency to a Gestapo bureaucracy, and EPA Administrator Carol Browner to Tokyo Rose.
In 2002, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) rated Jim Inhofe at 20%, indicating that he held an anti-racial civil rights record.
Inhofe was re-elected in 2002.
In January 2003, Inhofe became Chair of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, and continued challenging mainstream science in favor of what he called "sound science", in accordance with the Luntz memo.
As Environment and Public Works chairman, Inhofe gave a two-hour Senate floor speech on July 28, 2003, in the context of discussions on the McCain-Lieberman Bill. He said he was "going to expose the most powerful, most highly financed lobby in Washington, the far left environmental extremists", and laid out in detail his opposition to attribution of recent climate change to humans.
In December 2003, Inhofe distributed copies of a 20-page brochure reiterating his "hoax" statement in Milan at a meeting about the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Beginning in 2003, when he was first elected Chair of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, Inhofe was the foremost Republican promoting climate change denial.
In an October 2004 Senate speech Inhofe said, "Global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people."
In 2004, as a member of the Armed Services Committee, Inhofe was among the panelists questioning witnesses about the 2004 Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse, saying he was "outraged by the outrage" over the revelations of abuse.
In January 2005 Inhofe told Bloomberg News that global warming was "the second-largest hoax ever played on the American people, after the separation of church and state".
On August 28, 2005, at Inhofe's invitation, Michael Crichton appeared as an expert witness at a hearing on climate change, disputing Mann's work.
In 2005, Jim Inhofe included a midnight rider in that year's transportation bill preventing federally recognized tribes in Oklahoma from administering Environmental Protection Agency regulations.
In 2006, Inhofe was one of only nine senators to vote against the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005, which prohibits "cruel, inhuman or degrading" treatment of individuals in U.S. Government custody.
In May 2006, Jim Inhofe wrote the Inhofe Amendment to the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006, which was debated in Congress. The amendment would make English the national language of the United States and require new citizens to take an English proficiency test.
On May 18, 2006, the Inhofe Amendment to the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 passed. The amendment, which aimed to make English the national language of the United States and require new citizens to take an English proficiency test, passed with 32 Democrats, one independent, and one Republican dissenting.
In September 2006, during a Senate speech, Jim Inhofe argued that the threat of global warming was exaggerated by "the media, Hollywood elites and our pop culture". He stated that the media had previously warned of global cooling in the 1960s and then switched back to warming in the 1970s to promote "climate change fears".
In 2006, Inhofe was one of only nine senators to vote against the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005, which prohibits "cruel, inhuman or degrading" treatment of individuals in U.S. Government custody.
In 2006, Jim Inhofe introduced Senate Amendment 4682 with Kit Bond (R-MO), which aimed to modify oversight responsibility of the Army Corps of Engineers. This action drew criticism from the League of Conservation Voters, who claimed that analyses for corps projects were manipulated to favor large-scale projects that harm the environment.
In his 2006 book The Republican War on Science, Chris Mooney wrote that Inhofe "politicizes and misuses the science of climate change".
On December 31, 2006, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) rated Jim Inhofe at 7%, indicating that he held an anti-civil rights and anti-affirmative action record.
In February 2007, Jim Inhofe stated on Fox News that mainstream science increasingly attributed climate change to natural causes, and that only "those individuals on the far left, such as Hollywood liberals and the United Nations", disagreed.
In 2007, Jim Inhofe received $20,500 from the fossil fuel industry, according to the Dirty Energy Money database maintained by Oil Change International.
In June 2008, Jim Inhofe voted to enact Jim Webb's Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act, after initially withdrawing support for it to support a competing bill.
In 2008, Jim Inhofe stated that his office "does not hire openly gay staffers due to the possibility of a conflict of agenda."
In 2008, Jim Inhofe's campaign was noted by the Associated Press for running an ad with "anti-gay overtones" featuring a wedding cake with two male figures on top, fading into his opponent's face.
In the 2008 election cycle, Inhofe's largest campaign donors represented the oil and gas ($446,900 in donations), leadership PACs ($316,720), and electric utilities ($221,654) industries/categories.
Inhofe was re-elected in 2008.
In May 2009, Jim Inhofe expressed support for the idea that black carbon is a significant contributor to global warming.
On November 23, 2009, following the emergence of the Climatic Research Unit email controversy, Jim Inhofe stated that the emails confirmed his belief that scientists were "cooking the science".
In February 2010, the minority group of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works prepared a report on "the CRU Controversy", which listed 17 scientists as "Key Players". Inhofe stated that the report showed unethical and potentially illegal behavior by some of the world's leading climate scientists.
In July 2010, Jim Inhofe stated, "I don't think that anyone disagrees with the fact that we actually are in a cold period that started about nine years ago. Now, that's not me talking, those are the scientists that say that."
In 2010, Inhofe's largest donors represented the oil and gas ($429,950) and electric ($206,654) utilities.
During a House committee hearing in 2011, Jim Inhofe testified, "I have to admit—and, you know, confession is good for the soul ... I, too, once thought that catastrophic global warming was caused by anthropogenic gases—because everyone said it was."
In a 2011 interview, Jim Inhofe claimed that he and David Boren were both upset with Hall, so the pair decided to both campaign against him.
In a 2011 interview, Jim Inhofe credited his primary win to the use of the "Kasten Plan", a system of precinct organization.
In 2012, Inhofe's The Greatest Hoax: How the Global Warming Conspiracy Threatens Your Future was published by WorldNetDaily Books, presenting his global warming conspiracy theory.
In 2012, Jim Inhofe authored the Pilot's Bill of Rights bill.
Since 2012, Jim Inhofe had received over $529,000 from the oil and gas industry, according to OpenSecrets.
In May 2013, Jim Inhofe argued for and voted for federal aid after tornadoes ravaged Oklahoma, defending his differing stance from Hurricane Sandy relief by claiming the situations were "totally different".
On November 10, 2013, Jim Inhofe's son, Perry Inhofe, died in a plane crash in Owasso, Oklahoma.
In 2014, after reports from NOAA and NASA indicated it had been the warmest year globally in the temperature record, Jim Inhofe responded by saying, "we had the coldest in the western hemisphere in the same time frame", and attributed changes to a 30-year cycle, not human activities.
Inhofe was re-elected in 2014.
On January 21, 2015, Jim Inhofe returned to chairing the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. In response to reports about 2014 being the warmest year globally, he attributed changes to a 30-year cycle, not human activities. He also endorsed an amendment stating "Climate change is real and not a hoax", which passed 98–1, clarifying his view that climate is always changing but disputing human influence.
On February 26, 2015, Jim Inhofe brought a snowball to the Senate floor and tossed it while arguing that environmentalists continued to discuss global warming despite the cold weather.
On March 19, 2015, Jim Inhofe introduced S.828, "The Fracturing Regulations are Effective in State Hands (FRESH) Act." The bill aimed to transfer regulatory power over hydraulic fracturing from the federal government to state governments. In announcing the bill, Inhofe stated that hydraulic fracturing had never contaminated groundwater in Oklahoma.
In 2015, Jim Inhofe condemned the Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges, which held that same-sex marriage bans violated the Constitution.
In March 2016, Jim Inhofe argued that the Senate should not consider Obama's Supreme Court nominee.
Early during the Republican Party presidential primaries in 2016, Jim Inhofe endorsed fellow Republican John Kasich.
In October 2017, Jim Inhofe co-sponsored the Israel Anti-Boycott Act (S. 720), which aimed to make it a federal crime for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel and Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories if protesting actions by the Israeli government.
In 2017, Jim Inhofe blocked the Trump administration's nomination of J. Peter Pham for Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, citing a disagreement over Western Sahara. Inhofe supported the Polisario Front and had traveled to Algeria to meet with its leaders, urging Morocco to hold a referendum on independence for Western Sahara.
In the aftermath of the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, Jim Inhofe blamed the "culture of sanctuary cities" for the shootings.
Inhofe was ranked the most conservative member of Congress on the 2017 GovTrack report card.
John McCain died in August 2018, and Inhofe lauded him as his "hero". Inhofe also said that McCain was "partially to blame for" the White House's controversial decision to raise flags back to full mast after less than two days.
In December 2018, Jim Inhofe bought $50,000 to $100,000 worth of stock in Raytheon, a major defense contractor, and later sold the stock after conflict of interest concerns were raised.
Inhofe received the same ranking for 2018 as being the most conservative member of Congress.
On March 6, 2019, Inhofe said he intended to put language in the next defense authorization act to reinforce President Donald Trump's decision to withdraw from the Iran nuclear agreement and reintroduce severe sanctions on Tehran.
For 2019, Inhofe was ranked as the fifth-most conservative member of the U.S. Senate with a score of 0.91 out of 1.
When chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee John McCain was absent seeking medical treatment for brain cancer, Inhofe became acting chairman of the committee. During this time, Inhofe helped secure the passage of the record $716 billion National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019.
On February 5, 2020, Jim Inhofe voted to acquit Donald Trump in his first impeachment trial.
In September 2020, Jim Inhofe supported an immediate vote on Trump's nominee to fill the Supreme Court vacancy caused by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's death.
In December 2020, following the Israel–Morocco normalization agreement, Jim Inhofe sharply criticized the Trump administration for recognizing Morocco's claim over Western Sahara, calling the decision "shocking and deeply disappointing" and stating he was "saddened that the rights of the Western Sahara people have been traded away".
In 2020, Jim Inhofe refused to support delaying the certification of the 2020 United States presidential election, stating it would violate his oath of office.
In 2020, Jim Inhofe suggested maintaining a relatively small troop presence in Afghanistan until the conditions outlined in the 2020 U.S.-Taliban Agreement are fully implemented.
Inhofe was re-elected in 2020.
On February 13, 2021, Jim Inhofe voted to acquit Donald Trump for the second time during his second impeachment trial.
In April 2021, Jim Inhofe expressed support for bringing back earmarks to the United States Senate, with the Tulsa World recognizing his efforts in securing federal investment for Oklahoma's highways, aviation, and military bases.
On May 28, 2021, Jim Inhofe abstained from voting on the creation of an independent commission to investigate the January 6 United States Capitol attack.
On July 15, 2021, Inhofe told Tulsa World he planned to retire at the end of his current term, in 2027.
In 2021, Jim Inhofe opposed the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan under President Biden, arguing that Biden should maintain "a relatively small troop presence until the conditions outlined in the 2020 U.S.-Taliban Agreement are fully implemented."
In 2021, Jim Inhofe, who has had his pilot's license since he was 28, mentioned having attended the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh for 20 years and sleeping in the same tent.
In February 2022, The New York Times reported that Inhofe was planning to resign at the end of the 117th Congress.
Inhofe resigned on January 3, 2023.
It was reported in February 2023 that the primary reason for Inhofe's retirement was related to him suffering symptoms of long COVID, which had severely limited his capacity to do day-to-day activities, after an initial infection he had described as "very mild".
Inhofe was the longest-serving U.S. senator from Oklahoma, having served between 1994 and 2023.
On July 9, 2024, Jim Inhofe passed away. He was an American politician who served as a United States senator from Oklahoma from 1994 to 2023.
On July 15, 2021, Inhofe told Tulsa World he planned to retire at the end of his current term, in 2027.
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