James Mountain Inhofe was an American politician who served as a United States senator from Oklahoma from 1994 to 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he was the longest-serving U.S. senator from Oklahoma. Inhofe held various elected offices in the state of Oklahoma for nearly sixty years, from 1966 to 2023.
James Mountain Inhofe was born in Des Moines, Iowa on November 17, 1934. He would go on to have a long career in politics, eventually becoming the longest-serving U.S. senator from Oklahoma.
In 1934, James Inhofe's family relocated to Tulsa, Oklahoma, where his father pursued business ventures in the insurance industry.
In August 1942, the Inhofe family moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, as James Inhofe's father, Perry, became president of the National Mutual Casualty company. This move marked a significant shift for the family.
The Inhofe family's move to Tulsa, Oklahoma, became permanent in 1942. This is where James Inhofe would spend most of his life and eventually launch his political career.
In 1949, Perry Inhofe's company, Tri-State, was ordered by the National Labor Relations Board to halt practices that discouraged union membership. This event may have shaped James Inhofe's views on labor relations.
Perry Inhofe, James Inhofe's father, served as the official sponsor for Miss Tulsa and Miss Oklahoma winner Louise O'Brien in 1950. This reflects the family's involvement in the Tulsa community.
The Inhofe family's involvement in Oklahoma politics began in the 1950s. This era marked their increasing engagement in the political landscape.
As a high school student in 1952, James Inhofe showcased his athletic abilities as part of a mile relay quartet team that set a new school record with a time of 3:32.6.
James Inhofe's leadership qualities were evident early on, as he was elected treasurer of the Brones social club in January 1953 during his high school years.
Perry Inhofe, James Inhofe's father, played an active role in Democratic Governor Raymond D. Gary's successful 1954 campaign. This demonstrated the family's early political leanings.
In 1956, James Inhofe received his draft letter from the United States Army, marking the beginning of his military service.
In 1956, James Inhofe's life took a significant turn when he received his draft notice from the United States Army. This marked the beginning of his military service.
James Inhofe began his military service in 1957, serving primarily in a quartermaster role. This experience likely shaped his later views on military and defense issues.
James Inhofe's military service commenced in 1957, a pivotal period that would shape his perspectives on national security and other policy areas.
James Inhofe completed his military service in 1958, having attained the rank of Specialist 4th Class. He then began to focus on his career in the insurance business.
James Inhofe completed his military service in 1958, having gained valuable experience and skills. He then transitioned into the business world.
Perry Inhofe Jr., James Inhofe's brother, ran for the Oklahoma House of Representatives as a Democrat. Despite his loss, this event highlighted the family's growing political ambitions.
Jim Inhofe married Kay Kirkpatrick on December 19, 1959. They had four children together.
Reports surfaced in 1959, suggesting discrepancies in James Inhofe's graduation timeline. These reports alleged that he participated in graduation ceremonies but did not fulfill all the requirements for his degree.
In 1961, James Inhofe joined his father's newly formed life insurance company, Quaker Insurance, as vice president. This move marked the start of his career in the insurance industry.
In 1961, James Inhofe joined his father's insurance company as vice president. This marked the beginning of his career in the business world.
James Inhofe's political journey began in February 1966 when he launched his first campaign as a Republican candidate for the Oklahoma House of Representatives's 71st district.
James Inhofe secured a victory in the November 1966 special election for the Oklahoma House of Representatives 70th district, earning his first elected office.
On December 29, 1966, James Inhofe was officially sworn into the Oklahoma House of Representatives, marking the beginning of his first term as a state representative.
James Inhofe began his career in public service in 1966 when he was elected to the Oklahoma House of Representatives.
James Inhofe's long career in Oklahoma politics began in 1966 when he was elected to represent the 70th district in the Oklahoma House of Representatives.
In 1968, James Inhofe, after serving in the Oklahoma House of Representatives, made the decision to forgo seeking re-election. Instead, he set his sights on a seat in the state senate.
In 1968, Jim Inhofe ran for an open seat in the Oklahoma Senate after Beauchamp Selman announced his retirement. He won the Republican primary against Madison J. Bowers and the general election against Democrat Jerry L. Goodman with support from Governor Dewey Bartlett. This victory marked the beginning of Inhofe's political career and led to him being considered as a potential future U.S. Senate candidate.
James Inhofe's political career continued to rise in 1969 when he was elected to the Oklahoma Senate.
In 1969, Jim Inhofe sponsored a bill to bring a retired U.S. Navy submarine to Oklahoma. While his initial choice, the USS Piranha, proved unsuitable for the Arkansas River, the USS Batfish was selected as an alternative.
In 1969, Jim Inhofe served as the chairman of the Tulsa County Republican Convention and supported efforts to liberalize abortion laws in Oklahoma.
On June 17, 1970, Perry Inhofe, James Inhofe's father, passed away due to a heart attack. Following this event, James Inhofe took over the leadership of the family insurance businesses.
In September 1970, the USS Batfish was considered as an alternative to the USS Piranha to be brought to Oklahoma.
In 1970, Jim Inhofe won the Tulsa mayoral election against Rodger Randle, marking his first general election victory in six years. This election was notable for breaking fundraising records at the time.
Following his father's death in 1970, James Inhofe assumed leadership of the family's insurance businesses. He became president of Quaker Life Insurance.
In 1970, Governor Dewey Bartlett appointed Jim Inhofe as a member of the inaugural Oklahoma Narcotics and Drug Abuse Council. That same year, Inhofe declined recruitment to run for Treasurer of Oklahoma and was elected minority caucus chair of the Oklahoma Senate.
On December 9, 1971, the USS Batfish was officially given to the State of Oklahoma.
In 1971, Jim Inhofe served as the chairman of the Oklahoma Republican Party's State Convention.
On July 4, 1972, the USS Batfish was unofficially opened to the public in Oklahoma.
In 1972, Jim Inhofe served as the co-chair for Richard Nixon's presidential campaign in Oklahoma, working alongside Ralph G. Thompson. Inhofe played a key role in securing an endorsement from Barry Goldwater to sway conservative Republicans. He also represented Oklahoma at the Republican National Convention.
Jim Inhofe's potential as a gubernatorial candidate was recognized as early as 1972.
In 1972, Jim Inhofe initially supported the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment in Oklahoma but later retracted his support.
By May 1973, Jim Inhofe was openly campaigning for Governor of Oklahoma, although he had not yet officially announced his candidacy.
In 1973, the USS Batfish was officially opened to the public on Memorial Day.
James Inhofe received his B.A. in economics from the University of Tulsa in 1973. This academic achievement would later become a subject of scrutiny.
In May 1974, Jim Inhofe officially launched his campaign for Governor of Oklahoma.
In 1974, James Inhofe made his first run for Governor of Oklahoma. Though unsuccessful, this demonstrated his growing political ambitions.
In April 1975, Jim Inhofe appointed Angela Keele as the first blind page in Oklahoma history.
Jim Inhofe's mother, Blanche M. Inhofe, died in 1975.
On February 19, 1976, Jim Inhofe officially announced his candidacy for Oklahoma's 1st congressional district.
In 1976, despite initially agreeing to support Frank Keating's campaign for Oklahoma's 1st congressional district, Jim Inhofe announced his own candidacy on February 19th.
In 1976, James Inhofe ran for Oklahoma's 1st Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives. Although he did not win, this was another stepping stone in his political career.
James Inhofe's time in the Oklahoma Senate came to an end in 1977. He had served in the state legislature for over a decade.
In January 1978, despite initially denying interest in a mayoral run, Jim Inhofe announced his campaign for Mayor of Tulsa in February.
James Inhofe was elected Mayor of Tulsa in 1978. This marked a significant victory in his political career.
In January 1979, Inhofe attended the first swearing in of a Governor of Oklahoma to occur in Tulsa. George Nigh was sworn in to serve the last five days of David Boren's term after Boren was elected to the U.S. Senate.
In December 1979, Inhofe officially announced his re-election campaign for a second term as mayor of Tulsa.
David Boren began serving in the U.S. Senate in 1979. Inhofe would later succeed him in 1994.
Inhofe was re-elected as Mayor of Tulsa in 1982 with 59% of the vote.
Inhofe lost his 1984 re-election campaign for Mayor of Tulsa to Terry Young.
In 1984, James Inhofe's time as Mayor of Tulsa came to an end. He had served in this role for six years.
When Representative James R. Jones retired to run for the U.S. Senate in 1986, Inhofe ran for the 1st District and won.
In 1987, Inhofe voted against President Ronald Reagan's budget, which included tax increases and no increase in defense spending.
James Inhofe was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1987, representing Oklahoma's 1st Congressional District.
In 1988, Inhofe won re-election to the U.S. House of Representatives, defeating Democrat Kurt Glassco.
In 1990, Inhofe defeated Kurt Glassco again in the election for the U.S. House of Representatives.
Inhofe was re-elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1992 with 53% of the vote.
In 1993, Inhofe came to national attention when he led the effort to reform the House's discharge petition rule, which the House leadership had used to bottle up bills in committee.
Senator Inhofe's 1994 Senate campaign used the slogan "God, guns, and gays," reflecting his conservative stance and sparking debate and criticism for its divisive nature.
Inhofe served as a U.S. Senator from Oklahoma from 1994 to 2023, making him the longest-serving senator from the state.
In 1994, James Inhofe was elected to the United States Senate, representing Oklahoma. This began his long tenure as a U.S. Senator.
In 1994, Jim Inhofe, a trained pilot, used his plane to campaign across Oklahoma for the U.S. Senate, visiting nearly every town.
In 1994, Inhofe was elected to the U.S. Senate, succeeding David Boren who resigned to become president of the University of Oklahoma.
During his 1994 campaign for the U.S. Senate, inconsistencies in James Inhofe's educational background came to light, raising questions about the timeline of his degree completion.
In 1995, Senator Inhofe voted to prohibit the use of federal funds for affirmative action hiring practices, signifying his opposition to such policies.
After serving the last two years of David Boren's term, Inhofe won his first full term in the U.S. Senate in 1996.
In December 1997, Inhofe called the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a "political, economic, and national security fiasco."
In 1997, Senator Inhofe voted in favor of legislation that would have eliminated special funding designated for businesses owned by minorities and women. Although the bill, which targeted a program designed to support these businesses in securing federally funded transportation contracts, did not pass, it underscored Inhofe's stance on government assistance programs.
On February 12, 1999, Jim Inhofe voted to convict and remove President Bill Clinton from office.
In 1999, Senator Inhofe, along with other Republican senators, played a role in delaying the confirmation of James Hormel, a gay man nominated as US Ambassador to Luxembourg, for over 20 months due to his sexual orientation. President Clinton eventually used a recess appointment to install Hormel as the first openly gay US ambassador, drawing Inhofe's ire and prompting him to retaliate by obstructing seven more of Clinton's appointments.
Before the Republicans regained control of the Senate in November 2002, Inhofe had compared the United States Environmental Protection Agency to a Gestapo bureaucracy.
In 2002, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) gave Jim Inhofe a 20% rating, indicating an anti-racial civil rights record.
Inhofe was re-elected to the U.S. Senate in 2002.
In January 2003, Inhofe became Chair of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works.
On July 28, 2003, during a Senate floor speech, Jim Inhofe called manmade global warming the "greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people", citing contrarian scientists and criticizing the attribution of climate change to humans.
In December 2003, Inhofe distributed a brochure at a UN Climate Change meeting in Milan reiterating his "hoax" statement and criticizing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
In 2003, Jim Inhofe became a prominent Republican figure promoting climate change denial. He was elected Chair of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works.
James Inhofe first became Chairman of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works in 2003, a position that would allow him to significantly influence environmental policy.
Jim Inhofe reiterated his claim that global warming is a hoax during an October 2004 Senate speech, arguing against the scientific consensus on climate change.
As a member of the Armed Services Committee, Inhofe was among the panelists questioning witnesses about the 2004 Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse.
In January 2005, Inhofe stated that global warming was the "second-largest hoax" after the separation of church and state, according to Bloomberg News.
On August 28, 2005, Michael Crichton, invited by Inhofe, appeared as an expert witness at a climate change hearing, disputing scientist Mann's work.
The Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 was passed to prohibit "cruel, inhuman or degrading" treatment of individuals in U.S. Government custody.
The Inhofe amendment to the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006, which aimed to make English the official US language, sparked debate in Congress in May 2006.
Senator Inhofe's amendment to the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act, passed on May 18, 2006, proposed making English the national language of the US and mandated English proficiency tests for new citizens. This amendment faced opposition from some Democrats and a few Republicans.
In September 2006, Inhofe delivered a Senate speech where he blamed the media, Hollywood, and pop culture for exaggerating the threat of global warming.
Chris Mooney, in his 2006 book "The Republican War on Science", accuses Jim Inhofe of politicizing and misusing climate change science.
In 2006, Inhofe was one of only nine senators to vote against the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005, which prohibits "cruel, inhuman or degrading" treatment of individuals in U.S. Government custody.
In 2006, Jim Inhofe, alongside Kit Bond, introduced Senate Amendment 4682, aiming to change the oversight of the Army Corps of Engineers, a move criticized by the League of Conservation Voters.
On December 31, 2006, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) gave Jim Inhofe a 7% rating, indicating an anti-civil rights and anti-affirmative action record.
During a February 2007 interview with Fox News, Inhofe said mainstream science increasingly supports the idea that climate change is caused by natural factors.
Starting in 2007, Jim Inhofe received financial contributions from the fossil fuel industry, including Exxon, as reported by the Dirty Energy Money database.
James Inhofe's first term as Chairman of the Environment and Public Works Committee came to an end in 2007.
In June 2008, Jim Inhofe voted to enact Jim Webb's Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008, after withdrawing support for a competing bill.
During his 2008 campaign, Senator Inhofe faced criticism for an ad featuring a wedding cake topped with two male figures that faded into his opponent's face, which the Associated Press characterized as having "anti-gay overtones."
In the 2008 election cycle, Inhofe's largest campaign donors were from the oil and gas industry, giving $446,900 in donations.
Inhofe was re-elected to the U.S. Senate in 2008.
Senator Inhofe faced strong criticism from LGBT advocacy groups for his consistently low scores on the Human Rights Campaign's position scorecard throughout his tenure. He opposed same-sex marriage, protections against hate crimes based on sexual orientation, and workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation. Adding to the criticism, in 2008, Inhofe stated that his office did not employ openly gay staff members due to potential "conflicts of agenda."
In May 2009, Jim Inhofe expressed support for the idea that black carbon plays a significant role in contributing to global warming.
As the Climatic Research Unit email controversy emerged, Inhofe stated on November 23, 2009, that the emails validated his stance that scientists were manipulating climate science data.
In February 2010, the minority group of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, under Inhofe's leadership, released a report on the "CRU Controversy", listing 17 scientists as "key players".
In July 2010, Senator Inhofe publicly disputed the scientific consensus on global warming, claiming a cold period had started nine years prior and citing scientists while contradicting a NOAA report stating that the summer of 2010 was the hottest on record since 1880.
In 2010, Inhofe's largest campaign donors continued to be from the oil and gas industry, giving $429,950.
During a 2011 House committee hearing, Senator Inhofe admitted he once believed in anthropogenic global warming but changed his stance. He defended his knowledge on the subject despite questioning from Congressman Jay Inslee.
In a 2011 interview, Jim Inhofe attributed his primary win in the 1976 congressional race to the successful implementation of the "Kasten Plan," a system of precinct organization. During the campaign, he also actively criticized Democratic presidential candidate Fred Harris.
In a 2011 interview, Jim Inhofe shared his account of the 1974 gubernatorial election. He claimed that he and David Boren had agreed to campaign against incumbent Governor David Hall, with Boren challenging him in the Democratic primary and Inhofe running as the Republican candidate. However, Boren's victory in the Democratic primary disrupted their plan.
In 2012, Jim Inhofe authored the Pilot's Bill of Rights bill, drawing on his experience as a pilot.
Jim Inhofe published "The Greatest Hoax: How the Global Warming Conspiracy Threatens Your Future" in 2012, where he presents his global warming conspiracy theory.
Senator Inhofe co-authored and signed a letter to President Trump in 2012, urging the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement. This action aligned with the over $529,000 in donations he received from the oil and gas industry since that year.
In May 2013, Jim Inhofe defended his vote against a relief fund for Hurricane Sandy, while supporting federal aid for Oklahoma after tornadoes, claiming the situations were "totally different." He argued that the Sandy funding involved exploitation of the tragedy, which he didn't expect to happen in Oklahoma.
On November 10, 2013, Jim Inhofe's son, Perry Inhofe, tragically passed away in a plane crash in Owasso, Oklahoma. Perry was flying solo for the first time after training in a newly acquired Mitsubishi MU-2.
In 2014, NOAA and NASA reported it to be the warmest year globally in the temperature record.
Inhofe was re-elected to the U.S. Senate in 2014.
Upon returning as chair of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works on January 21, 2015, Senator Inhofe acknowledged climate change's existence while attributing it to natural cycles rather than human activity, despite reports from NOAA and NASA confirming 2014 as the warmest year globally.
Senator Inhofe brought a snowball onto the Senate floor on February 26, 2015, using it as a prop to dismiss concerns about global warming, suggesting ongoing cold weather disproved the phenomenon.
Senator Inhofe introduced the FRESH Act on March 19, 2015, aiming to shift control of hydraulic fracturing regulations from federal to state governments, asserting that fracking had no history of groundwater contamination in Oklahoma.
Senator Inhofe publicly condemned the 2015 Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex marriage nationwide, reflecting his opposition to marriage equality.
In 2015, James Inhofe once again took on the role of Chairman of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, further solidifying his influence on environmental issues.
In March 2016, Jim Inhofe argued against considering Obama's Supreme Court nominee, stating the decision should be left to the people in the upcoming presidential election.
In the early stages of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, Jim Inhofe endorsed John Kasich.
In October 2017, Inhofe showed his support for the controversial Israel Anti-Boycott Act (S. 720), which proposed making it a federal crime for US citizens to support boycotts against Israel, including Israeli settlements in occupied Palestinian territories, in response to Israeli government actions.
As John McCain battled cancer, James Inhofe stepped in as Acting Chairman of the Armed Services Committee in December 2017.
Following the tragic 2017 Las Vegas shooting, Senator Inhofe attributed the event to the "culture of sanctuary cities," sparking controversy with this statement.
Inhofe was ranked the most conservative member of Congress on the 2017 GovTrack report card.
In 2017, Senator Inhofe, a supporter of the Polisario Front and advocate for Western Sahara's independence, blocked J. Peter Pham's nomination for Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs due to differing views on the Western Sahara issue.
When John McCain, chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, was absent for medical treatment, Inhofe became acting chairman. After McCain died in August 2018, Inhofe became the committee chair.
Following the death of John McCain, James Inhofe became the Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee on September 6, 2018.
In December 2018, Jim Inhofe bought a significant amount of stock in Raytheon, a defense contractor with many Pentagon contracts, shortly after lobbying for increased military spending, raising conflict of interest concerns. Inhofe stated a third-party advisor handled his investments and sold the stock soon after.
Inhofe was ranked the most conservative member of Congress for 2018 by GovTrack.
On March 6, 2019, Inhofe said he intended to put language in the next defense authorization act to reinforce Trump's decision to withdraw from the Iran nuclear agreement and reintroduce severe sanctions on Tehran.
In 2019, Inhofe was ranked as the fifth-most conservative member of the U.S. Senate by GovTrack, with a score of 0.91 out of 1.
As acting chair, and then chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Inhofe helped secure passage of the $716 billion National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019.
On February 5, 2020, Jim Inhofe voted to acquit President Donald Trump in his first impeachment trial.
In September 2020, Jim Inhofe supported an immediate vote on Trump's Supreme Court nominee following the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, despite it being close to the presidential election.
Following the December 2020 Israel-Morocco normalization agreement, Senator Inhofe expressed strong disapproval of the Trump administration's recognition of Morocco's claim over Western Sahara, characterizing the decision as a betrayal of the Sahrawi people's rights.
Inhofe was re-elected to the U.S. Senate in 2020.
The US-Taliban Agreement was signed in 2020.
On February 3, 2021, James Inhofe transitioned from Chairman to Ranking Member of the Senate Armed Services Committee.
On February 13, 2021, Jim Inhofe voted to acquit President Donald Trump in his second impeachment trial.
In April 2021, Jim Inhofe expressed support for bringing back earmarks to the United States Senate.
On May 28, 2021, Jim Inhofe abstained from voting on the creation of an independent commission to investigate the January 6 United States Capitol attack.
On July 15, 2021, Inhofe told Tulsa World he planned to retire at the end of his current term, in 2027.
Senator Inhofe voiced his opposition to President Biden's 2021 withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan. He advocated for a continued military presence in the country until the conditions outlined in the 2020 US-Taliban Agreement were completely fulfilled.
In 2021, Jim Inhofe, who had his pilot's license since 28 and flew a Van's Aircraft RV-8, spoke about his 20-year attendance at the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh, highlighting the tradition of sleeping in a tent. He also mentioned multiple emergency landings he experienced during his flying career.
In February 2022, The New York Times reported that Inhofe was planning to resign at the end of the 117th Congress.
January 3, 2023, marked the end of James Inhofe's term as a U.S. Senator, concluding his long career in the Senate.
In February 2023, it was reported that the primary reason for Inhofe's retirement was related to him suffering symptoms of long COVID, after an initial infection he had described as "very mild".
After a long and distinguished career, James Inhofe retired from the U.S. Senate in 2023, marking the end of his time in public office.
Inhofe retired from the U.S. Senate in 2023 after serving for 29 years.
James Mountain Inhofe passed away on July 9, 2024, after a long and impactful career as a politician.
Inhofe initially planned to retire in 2027, but resigned early in 2023.