Reform UK is a right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom, led by Nigel Farage since June 2024, with Richard Tice as deputy leader. The party has four MPs in the House of Commons and one member of the London Assembly, along with local government representation, primarily through defections from the Conservative Party. In the 2024 general election, Reform UK became the third-largest party by popular vote, securing 14.3% of the total vote, following a significant surge in support after Farage's return.
Reform UK made gains in local elections, with a near win in Runcorn requiring a recount. Farage's Reform party secured another seat, signaling a shift in the British political landscape and potential impact on future elections.
In 2016, the EU membership referendum was called partly in response to UKIP's influence.
In 2017, Michael McGough posted antisemitic and homophobic social media comments.
In November 2018, the Brexit Party was founded to advocate for a no-deal Brexit.
In early December 2018, Nigel Farage said that the Brexit Party was Catherine Blaiklock's idea but that she had acted with his full support.
On 20 January 2019, the incorporation of the Brexit Party was formally announced by Catherine Blaiklock.
In February 2019, nine MEPs who had left UKIP joined the Brexit Party. They left UKIP in opposition to Gerard Batten's leadership.
On 1 February 2019, Catherine Blaiklock told The Daily Telegraph the Brexit Party had raised £1 million in donations.
On 5 February 2019, the Brexit Party was registered with the United Kingdom Electoral Commission to run candidates in English, Scottish, Welsh and European Union elections.
On 8 February 2019, Nigel Farage stated he would stand as a candidate for the Brexit Party in any potential future European Parliament elections contested in the United Kingdom.
On 20 March 2019, Catherine Blaiklock resigned as Brexit Party leader over anti-Islam messages on Twitter.
In April 2019, Nigel Farage said that there was "no difference between the Brexit party and UKIP in terms of policy, [but] in terms of personnel, there's a vast difference".
In April 2019, a survey revealed that 40% of Conservative Party councillors planned to vote for the Brexit Party. George Galloway also announced his support for the Brexit Party in the 2019 European Parliament election.
In April 2019, the Brexit Party announced its candidates for the 2019 European Parliament election, including figures such as Ann Widdecombe, Annunziata Rees-Mogg, Richard Tice, Claire Fox, and others.
In April 2019, the Brexit Party's treasurer Michael McGough was removed from his position after The Guardian uncovered antisemitic and homophobic social media comments he had posted in 2017.
By May 2019, over 200 people had come forward offering to stand for the Brexit Party at the European Parliament election.
In May 2019, Nigel Farage described his admiration for how Italy's Five Star Movement had managed to grow from a protest group into the country's largest political party.
In May 2019, polls forecasted Reform UK polling first for the European elections. The party held 14 seats acquired through defections and increased to 29 seats. Reform UK won five more seats than UKIP had at the previous election.
In May 2019, questions arose regarding undeclared travel and accommodation benefits provided to Nigel Farage by Arron Banks before Farage joined the Brexit Party, leading to a formal investigation by the European Parliament on 21 May 2019. In response, the Brexit Party banned Channel 4 News from its events.
In May 2019, the Brexit Party won 29 seats at the European Parliament election, which was the best result for any single party in the 9th European Parliament.
In May 2019, the Electoral Commission published Reform UK's constitution following a freedom of information request, outlining the party's goals to promote self-reliance, individual decision-making, and reduced state intervention and taxation.
On 15 May 2019, four Members originally elected or co-opted for UKIP (Caroline Jones, Mandy Jones, David Rowlands and Mark Reckless) joined the Brexit Party, with Reckless being appointed as leader of their group, which was known as Plaid Brexit in Welsh.
On May 23, 2019, the Brexit Party won the UK's European elections with 31.6% of the vote. Twenty-nine Brexit Party MEPs were elected to the European Parliament, including Richard Tice and Ann Widdecombe. Nigel Farage, Nathan Gill, and Jonathan Bullock kept their seats.
On June 4, 2019, Reform UK announced its first non-Brexit-related policy, proposing to transform British Steel into a partly worker-owned company. The party also supported cutting foreign aid, scrapping the HS2 project, introducing free WiFi on British public transport, abolishing interest on student tuition fees, reimbursing historic interest payments on student loans, and abolishing inheritance tax.
In July 2019, Reform UK stood at local government level in two by-elections in Gloucester, but did not win either.
In July 2019, a councillor elected to Rochdale defected to Reform UK from Labour, shortly after a Liberal Democrat councillor there also defected. Also in July 2019, all 12 of Rotherham's UKIP councillors defected to the Brexit Party, as did all 5 of Derby's UKIP councillors.
In July 2019, the Brexit Party, along with the Liberal Democrats, Green Party of England and Wales, and the Scottish National Party, signed a declaration advocating for a proportional system to replace first-past-the-post voting in Westminster elections.
In July 2019, the Electoral Commission reported making recommendations to the Brexit Party for more robust internal controls on permissible donations after a visit to their headquarters. The Commission also reported that the party had returned a donation of £1,000 due to an unidentifiable source.
On 13 September 2019, ten independent councillors on Hartlepool Borough Council defected to Reform UK. They then formed a pact with the three Conservatives. Also in September 2019, a Conservative councillor for Surrey and Elmbridge defected to Reform UK.
On 8 September 2019, Reform UK offered an electoral pact with the Conservative Party in the forthcoming general election, proposing not to contest seats where they could split the Leave vote.
In November 2019, the Brexit Party announced its key policy proposals for the 2019 UK general election.
On 19 November 2019, MEP Louis Stedman-Bryce resigned in response to "The Brexit Party's recent decision to select a Scottish candidate who has openly posted homophobic views".
On 22 November 2019, the Brexit Party set out its proposals for the 2019 UK general election, covering areas including taxation, reforming politics, immigration, and the environment.
Before the general election on 8 December 2019, the party's leader Nigel Farage announced that, following Brexit, the party would change its name to the "Reform Party", and campaign for changes in the electoral system and structure of the House of Commons.
In December 2019, three Reform UK MEPs resigned to support the Conservative Party at the 2019 general election. Also in December 2019, John Longworth was expelled for "repeatedly undermining" the party's election strategy.
In 2019, Jonathan Kay and Mick Greenhough made social media comments that later led to their dismissal as Reform UK parliamentary candidates in April 2024. Kay tweeted about the average IQ of Africans, while Greenhough made comments about Jewish people and the Archbishop of Canterbury.
In 2019, Reform UK intended to stand candidates at the general election, but would not stand candidates against the 28 Eurosceptic Conservative MPs who opposed the Brexit withdrawal agreement. In the Peterborough by-election in June of 2019, the Brexit Party came second.
In 2019, the Brexit Party won the most seats at the European Parliament election in the UK.
In the 2019 general election, Lee Anderson was elected as the Conservative Party MP for Ashfield before defecting to Reform UK in March 2024.
Following the UK's departure from the EU in January 2020, Nigel Farage sought a new right-wing populist direction for the party, now named Reform UK, opposing further COVID-19 restrictions.
In January 2020, the United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union (EU).
By May 2020, with Brexit having taken place, the party focused on the reformation of British democracy, and a name change from "Brexit Party" to "Reform Party" was proposed.
In May 2020, Mark Reckless said that Nigel Farage is "consulted over key decisions... but he doesn't micro-manage us here," and that in the 2021 Senedd election it would campaign to scrap the current system of devolution and replace it with a directly elected first minister accountable to Welsh MPs.
In November 2020, Nigel Farage and Richard Tice announced that they had applied to the Electoral Commission to rename the Brexit Party to 'Reform UK'.
In December 2020, Reform UK requested that Boris Johnson publicly state he would not extend the Brexit transition period beyond December 31, 2020. The decision to not run in some seats met with criticism by some Brexit Party supporters.
In 2020, Michelle Ballantyne left the Conservative party over opposition to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, before joining Reform UK in January 2021.
In 2020, the 13 councillors of the Hartlepool council group left Reform UK. The Rotherham group also left to form the Rotherham Democratic Party.
In January 2021, independent MSP Michelle Ballantyne joined Reform UK and was appointed leader in Scotland. She had previously left the Conservative party in 2020.
On 4 January 2021, the Brexit Party's name change to Reform UK was approved by the Electoral Commission.
In March 2021, Nigel Farage stepped down as leader of Reform UK and was succeeded by Richard Tice.
In March 2021, Nigel Farage stepped down as leader, being replaced by Richard Tice, and David Bull was appointed as deputy leader. Also, Nathan Gill became the Leader of Reform UK Wales.
In April 2021, Reform UK won two seats in the United Kingdom local elections, both in Derby. Also in April 2021, Reform UK gained two more councillors from defections, one in Redbridge from the Conservatives, and one in Swale from UKIP.
At the Reform UK party conference in October 2021, leader Richard Tice criticized the Conservative Party for "high tax" policies, advocating for a low-tax, low-regulation platform. He supported raising the income tax threshold and exempting small businesses from corporation tax. Tice also opposed the Conservative Party's decarbonization plans, suggesting exploiting shale gas reserves and criticizing net zero as financially self-harming.
In December 2021, local councillor Mark Whittle defected to Reform UK from the Conservatives.
In 2021, Caroline Jones, Mandy Jones and David Rowlands departed from the Brexit Party's group in the Senedd due to policy disagreements, forming a new members group, the Independent Alliance for Reform. Mark Reckless left to join the Abolish the Welsh Assembly Party.
In 2021, Reform UK contested the Senedd election on a platform of ending lockdowns, investing in the NHS, giving parents greater control over education, building the M4 relief road, and cutting local government, but did not win any seats, although they got a one percent vote share for regional and constituency lists.
In 2021, Reform UK failed to win any seats above local level in the elections, and lost their deposit in the Hartlepool by-election.
In 2021, Reform UK gained representation in the Scottish Parliament when former Conservative and then independent MSP Michelle Ballantyne joined the party and was named Reform UK's leader in Holyrood.
Since 2021, Reform UK has provided options for individuals to become members, moving away from the previous model of only offering registered supporter status.
In February 2022, Michelle Ballantyne resigned as Reform UK's leader in Scotland.
In February 2022, Michelle Ballantyne resigned as Reform UK's leader in Scotland.
In October 2022, Reform UK and the Social Democratic Party (SDP) announced an electoral pact.
In December 2022, David White and Richard Langridge, both Conservative members of local councils, defected to Reform UK.
In December 2022, the media gave renewed attention to Reform UK during the cost-of-living crisis after Nigel Farage announced that it would stand a full slate of candidates at the next general election.
In December 2022, two former Conservative councillors defected to Reform UK, one in Barnsley and the other in West Oxfordshire.
In 2022, Jack Aaron, who later became Reform UK's head of vetting in March 2025, praised Hitler's public speaking skills in a social media post. He is president of the self-styled World Socionics Society.
In 2022, Reform UK candidates campaigned on the benefits of fracking. Three of the eight council seats held by the party were up for re-election, both Derby seats were held, but a seat in Redbridge was lost. No new seats were gained.
In 2022, the Reform UK candidate for Bexhill and Battle, Ian Gribbin, said that: "Britain would be in a far better state today had we taken Hitler up on his offer of neutrality."
Since 2022, Reform UK has campaigned on a broader platform, pledging to reduce immigration, supporting low taxation, and opposing net zero emissions.
In January 2023, Barry Gwilt, a Conservative councillor of the Fazeley ward of Lichfield District Council, defected to Reform UK.
On the weekend of 7 and 8 October 2023, Reform UK held its party conference in London with 1,100 attendees. On 20 October 2023, Richard Tice confirmed that Reform UK would stand in Conservative seats at the 2024 general election.
By January 2024, Reform UK was polling around 10% of the popular vote.
As of March 2024, two-thirds of Reform UK's local councillors were former councillors of the Conservative party who defected over to Reform UK.
In March 2024, East Riding of Yorkshire councillor Maria Bowtell defected from the Conservatives and joined Reform UK.
In March 2024, Lee Anderson, previously a Conservative Party MP, defected to Reform UK, giving the party its first MP.
In March 2024, the BBC initially labeled Reform UK as far-right but subsequently retracted the statement and apologized, stating that the description "fell short of our usual editorial standards".
In Northern Ireland, in March 2024, Reform UK formed an electoral pact with the Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV).
In April 2024, Reform UK dropped two parliamentary candidates, Jonathan Kay and Mick Greenhough, due to comments they had made on social media between 2019 and 2021. These comments were deemed to fall below the party's standards, despite defending candidates' rights to freedom of speech.
In April 2024, it was reported that the Reform Party had expelled a number of prospective candidates for making embarrassing public statements.
In May 2024, Alex Wilson became Reform UK's first London Assembly member, having been elected through the Londonwide voting system.
In May 2024, Nigel Farage stated that Reform UK is evolving into a "brand new Conservative movement".
In May 2024, The Guardian reported that 80% of Reform UK's funding, in loans and donations, came from Richard Tice.
On 22 May 2024, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announced the date of the general election as 4 July. The next day, leader Richard Tice launched the Reform UK campaign, promising to field candidates in 630 seats.
Following the announcement on June 3, 2024, of Nigel Farage's return to party leadership, ITV News reported that Reform UK's membership increased by 50% to 45,000.
On June 17, 2024, Reform UK launched their manifesto, described as a contract, with policy proposals presented by Nigel Farage during an interview.
On June 3, 2024, Nigel Farage replaced Richard Tice as the leader of Reform UK.
On June 3, 2024, it was announced that Richard Tice had invited Nigel Farage to return as leader of Reform UK, and Farage accepted the offer.
On June 4, 2024, it was reported that Reform UK had accepted "more than £2.3 million from oil and gas interests, highly polluting industries, and climate science deniers since December 2019".
In July 2024, Richard Tice became the deputy leader of Reform UK.
In the July 2024 general election, Reform UK gained five MPs in England. The Northern Irish affiliate TUV gained one seat in the form of Jim Allister.
In August 2024, Nigel Farage increased his ownership in The Reform UK Party Limited to 60% by taking over shares from Paul Oakden after Oakden's removal.
In September 2024, Nigel Farage announced he would surrender all of his shares in Reform UK, giving party members more control, including voting on the constitution and motions, and the ability to remove Farage as leader.
In September 2024, Nigel Farage promised to hand control of Reform UK to its members and give up his ownership of the party, leading to the party being restructured as Reform 2025 Limited in February 2025.
In October 2024, Nigel Farage called on Conservative Party councillors to join Reform UK, stating that he was contacting over a thousand of them and that "a huge number of them genuinely agree with us and what we stand for".
In October 2024, Reform won a by-election in the Marton ward of Blackpool Council, increasing their vote share significantly from 9.5% in 2023 to 38.8%.
In October 2024, two Scottish Conservative Party councillors on Aberdeenshire Council defected to Reform UK, marking the party's first local representatives in Scotland.
In November 2024, divisions within Reform UK emerged regarding supporters of far-right activist Tommy Robinson, and on the assisted suicide bill. Some parliamentary candidates expressed sympathy for Robinson's supporters, while party MPs were split on the assisted suicide bill.
In December 2024, several high-profile Conservatives, including Andrea Jenkyns, Tim Montgomerie, Rael Braverman, and Nick Candy, defected to Reform UK.
In December 2024, the leader of the ten Derbyshire councillors who resigned in January 2025 was suspended from Reform UK for nominating candidates that failed the vetting process and fraudulently nominating candidates with an invalid delegated nominating officer certificate.
On 26 December 2024, Reform UK claimed to have overtaken the Conservatives as the UK's second largest party in membership. Kemi Badenoch disputed the claim, but Reform UK allowed media outlets to inspect their membership data to verify the numbers.
In 2024, Alex Wilson earned Reform UK one seat in the London-wide assembly by standing as a London-wide candidate for the 2024 London Assembly election.
In 2024, Reform UK supported parliamentary candidates in the UK general election who spread online conspiracy theories, including denying the climate crisis, promoting anti-vaccine conspiracies, denying the existence of Islamophobia, and supporting the chemtrail conspiracy theory.
In 2024, reports surfaced that 41 of the Reform UK candidates for the 2024 general election were Facebook friends with the British neo-fascist Gary Raikes.
In the 2024 general election, Jack Aaron was a parliamentary candidate for Reform UK before being appointed as head of vetting for the party in March 2025, despite a 2022 social media post praising Hitler's public speaking skills.
Since the 2024 general election, Reform UK has won a number of council by-elections. Thirty-two councils now have at least one Reform UK councillor, with the party winning by-elections in Blackpool, Dartford, East Riding of Yorkshire, Kent, St Helens, Swale, Wolverhampton, and Wyre.
In January 2025, all Reform UK MPs voted for an amendment to the Children's Wellbeing and Schools Bill regarding a new national inquiry into grooming gangs. The amendment's passing would have halted the bill's progress in Parliament.
On 10 January 2025, ten Reform councillors from Derbyshire resigned from the party, citing an "increasingly autocratic manner" since Nigel Farage's return as leader. Farage and Zia Yusuf responded by claiming the councillors were improperly vetted and that fraudulent nominations had occurred.
On 10 January 2025, ten Reform councillors resigned from the party, citing an "increasingly autocratic manner" of leadership since Farage's return as the party's leader.
On 5 January 2025, Elon Musk publicly urged Nigel Farage to step down as leader of Reform UK. This came after Farage distanced himself from Musk's support for Tommy Robinson. Two days later, Farage aimed to "mend fences" with Musk.
In February 2025, Reform UK was restructured as Reform 2025 Limited, a company limited by guarantee, with Farage and Zia Yusuf as directors.
On 14 February 2025, Stuart Keyte became the first elected councillor for Reform UK in Wales, joining three other Reform councillors at Torfaen Council who had defected to the party.
On 3 February 2025, Reform topped a national YouGov poll for the first time, suggesting a long-term place as a major party.
In March 2025, Jack Aaron, a parliamentary candidate for the party at the 2024 general election, was appointed as head of vetting for Reform UK, despite having praised Hitler's public speaking skills in a 2022 social media post. Reform UK defended the appointment, stating that Aaron is Jewish and that his family was murdered by Hitler's regime.
In March 2025, Reform UK gained defecting councillors in Scotland, including John Gray from Renfrewshire Council and Ross Lambie from South Lanarkshire Council. On 11 March 2025, Falkirk councillor Claire Mackie-Brown also joined Reform UK from the Conservative Party.
In March 2025, Rupert Lowe was suspended from Reform UK after criticizing Nigel Farage's leadership, reducing the party's number of MPs to four.
In May 2025, Reform UK received its fifth MP via a by-election in Runcorn and Helsby, with Sarah Pochin elected with a majority of 6.
In 2026, Reform UK plans to stand in the Scottish Parliament election. The party also expects to win significantly in the 2026 Senedd election in Wales, under the new more proportional system.
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