Tennessee is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordering eight other states. It is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. As of 2024, its estimated population is 7.22 million.
Tennessee leads the nation in FAFSA application rates. Lookout Valley Middle/High School received recognition for its participation in the TN FAFSA challenge. University School, Unicoi, and Clinch also excelled in Tri-Cities.
In 1907, as part of the Temperance movement, Tennessee began passing a series of laws that effectively banned the sale, transportation, and production of alcohol.
As early as 1909, musicians such as W. C. Handy performed in the clubs on Memphis's Beale Street, considered by many to be the epicenter of the blues.
In 1915, the first wave of the Great Migration began, with many Black Tennesseans fleeing to industrial cities in the Northeast and Midwest due to increasing racial segregation and poor standards of living.
On December 30, 1917, Mountain City recorded the lowest temperature in Tennessee history at −32 °F (−36 °C).
By 1917, Tennessee had effectively banned the sale, transportation, and production of alcohol through a series of laws passed as part of the Temperance movement.
On July 9, 1918, Tennessee experienced the worst rail accident in U.S. history when two passenger trains collided head-on in Nashville, resulting in 101 fatalities and 171 injuries.
On August 18, 1920, Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, granting women the right to vote.
In 1920, Tennesseans narrowly supported Warren G. Harding over Ohio Governor James Cox in the presidential election.
In 1925, John T. Scopes was tried and convicted in Dayton for teaching evolution, violating the Butler Act. The case, prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow, highlighted the creationism-evolution controversy.
The Grand Ole Opry, based in Nashville, has broadcast continuously since 1925, making it the longest-running radio show in the country.
In 1926, Congress authorized the establishment of a national park in the Great Smoky Mountains.
In 1927, the Victor recording sessions in Bristol generally mark the beginning of the country music genre.
In 1928, Tennesseans more decisively voted for Herbert Hoover over New York Governor Al Smith in the presidential election.
In 1929, the Great Depression began, severely impoverishing much of Tennessee.
On August 9, 1930, Perryville recorded the highest temperature in Tennessee history at 113 °F (45 °C).
By 1930, the first wave of the Great Migration concluded, with many Black Tennesseans having relocated to industrial cities, and many residents of rural Tennessee moving to larger cities for better job opportunities.
In 1933, as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was created to provide electricity, jobs, flood control, improved waterway navigation, agricultural development, and economic modernization to the Tennessee River Valley.
In 1934, the national park in the Great Smoky Mountains was officially established.
In 1940, the national park in the Great Smoky Mountains was officially dedicated.
In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education.
In 1955, Oak Ridge High School became the first school in Tennessee to be integrated, following the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education.
Since 1958, the WGC Invitational PGA Tour golf tournament has been held in Memphis.
Between February and May 1960, sit-ins organized by the Nashville Student Movement led to the desegregation of lunch counters in Nashville.
In 1962, the U.S. Supreme Court case Baker v. Carr arose from a challenge to the longstanding rural bias of apportionment of seats in the Tennessee legislature and established the principle of "one man, one vote".
Not until after passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were African Americans able to regain their full voting rights in Tennessee.
In 1966, Howard Baker was first elected, becoming the first Republican U.S. Senator from Tennessee since Reconstruction.
On April 4, 1968, James Earl Ray assassinated civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis, where King had traveled to support striking African American sanitation workers.
In 1970, the elections of Winfield Dunn as governor and Bill Brock to the U.S. Senate further helped make the GOP competitive among Whites in statewide elections.
With the exception of a slump in the 1980s, since 1970, Tennessee has been one of the fastest-growing states in the nation.
In 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court sided with a local activist group contesting the construction of Interstate 40 through Memphis' Overton Park in the case Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe, establishing a framework for judicial review of government agencies.
Coal production in Tennessee peaked in 1972.
Since 1972, the Knoxville Smokies Minor League Baseball club have played continuously.
Since 1976, the Chattanooga Lookouts Minor League Baseball club have played continuously.
In 1978, the Nashville Sounds Minor League Baseball club began playing.
In 1978, the U.S. Supreme Court case Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill was decided, leading to amendments of the Endangered Species Act after lawsuits by environmental groups concerning the impact of the Tellico Dam on the endangered snail darter fish.
In 1982, Knoxville hosted the World's Fair, officially known as the Knoxville International Energy Exposition, with the theme "Energy Turns the World".
In 1986, Tennessee held a yearlong celebration called "Homecoming '86" to commemorate the state's heritage and culture.
In 1993, Tennessee experienced a notable winter storm.
In 1996, Tennessee celebrated its bicentennial with a yearlong celebration called "Tennessee 200", including the opening of Bicentennial Mall in Nashville and hosting the whitewater slalom events at the Atlanta Summer Olympic Games on the Ocoee River.
The Tennessee Titans have played in the National Football League (NFL) since 1997.
In 1998, the Memphis Redbirds Minor League Baseball club began playing.
The Nashville Predators have played in the National Hockey League (NHL) since 1998.
Between 2000 and 2010, Tennessee's Hispanic population grew by 134.2%, the third-highest rate of any state.
In 2000, Republican President George W. Bush won by a 4% margin in Tennessee.
In the 2000 presidential election, Vice President Al Gore, who had previously served as a Democratic U.S. Senator from Tennessee, failed to carry his home state.
The Memphis Grizzlies have played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) since 2001.
In 2002, Tennessee amended its constitution to establish a lottery.
In 2002, the Knoxville Ice Bears ice hockey team began playing.
In 2004, Republican President George W. Bush increased his margin of victory in Tennessee from a 4% to a 14% margin compared to 2000.
In 2006, the state constitution was amended to outlaw same-sex marriage.
In 2007, Ron Ramsey became the first Republican Speaker of the State Senate in Tennessee since Reconstruction.
On December 23, 2008, the largest industrial waste spill in United States history occurred at TVA's Kingston Fossil Plant, releasing over 1.1 billion gallons of coal ash slurry into the Emory and Clinch Rivers.
In 2009, Chattanooga FC was founded.
Between 2000 and 2010, Tennessee's Hispanic population grew by 134.2%, the third-highest rate of any state.
Between 2010 and 2019, Tennessee's population experienced both a natural increase and an increase from net migration into the state.
In 2011, the Nashville Superspeedway shut down.
In 2012, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians placed 79 acres in Henning into federal trust, which is governed directly by the tribe.
In 2014, the Tennessee General Assembly created the Tennessee Promise, a tuition-free program for in-state high school graduates enrolling in two-year post-secondary education programs.
In 2015, the cleanup was completed of the industrial waste spill that occurred at TVA's Kingston Fossil Plant; the cleanup cost over $1 billion.
In 2016, Nashville surpassed Memphis to become Tennessee's largest city.
Since 2016, Tennessee has been the most populous state to vote Republican by more than 60% in presidential elections.
Since 2016, Tennessee has had no inheritance tax.
Until 2017, the Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR) operated six public universities in the state; it now only gives them administrative support.
Between 2010 and 2019, Tennessee's population grew due to net migration into the state.
In 2019, Chattanooga Red Wolves SC became a member of the USL League One.
In 2019, Tennessee received a record of 126 million tourists.
In 2019, about 5.5% of Tennessee's population was foreign-born, with approximately 42.7% being naturalized citizens and 57.3% non-citizens.
In 2019, the state reported a total employment of 2,724,545 and a total number of 139,760 employer establishments.
According to the 2020 census, 5.7% of Tennessee's population was under age 5, 22.1% was under 18, and 17.1% was 65 or older.
In 2020, 6.9% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino origin in Tennessee.
In 2020, Chattanooga FC began playing in the National Independent Soccer Association.
In 2020, Tennessee voted Republican by the largest margin of any state in terms of number of votes.
In 2020, the United States census reported Tennessee's population at 6,910,840, which was an increase of 564,735, or 8.90%, since the 2010 census.
In 2020, the state's per capita personal income was $30,869, and the median household income was $54,833.
As of 2021, Tennessee had a gross state product of $418.3 billion.
By 2021, the Hall income tax, which was imposed on most dividends and interest, was completely phased out in Tennessee.
In 2021, Tennessee experienced a notable winter storm.
In 2021, nuclear power was Tennessee's largest source of electricity generation, producing about 43.4% of its power. The same year, 22.4% of the power was produced from coal, 17.8% from natural gas, 15.8% from hydroelectricity, and 1.3% from other renewables.
In 2021, the Nashville Superspeedway reopened to host the NASCAR Cup Series.
In 2021, the four-year high school graduation rate in Tennessee was 88.7%, a decrease of 1.2% from the previous year.
Through the 2021-22 school year, the Ohio Valley Conference includes the Austin Peay Governors from Clarksville.
In July 2022, the Belmont Bruins are scheduled to move to the Missouri Valley Conference.
According to HUD's 2022 Annual Homeless Assessment Report, there were an estimated 10,567 homeless people in Tennessee.
In 2024, the estimated population of Tennessee, according to the United States Census Bureau, is 7.22 million.
In 2025, Ford is expected to have an assembly plant operational in Stanton, Tennessee.
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