Indianapolis, or Indy, is the capital and most populous city of Indiana, serving as the county seat of Marion County. Located in the state's central till plain along the White River's west fork, its slogan, "Crossroads of America," highlights its historical significance as a transportation hub and its central location relative to major North American markets.
On May 15, 1902, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument was dedicated, later becoming the city's unofficial symbol.
Following the dedication of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in 1902, Indianapolis enacted its first height restriction laws to protect views of the monument.
In 1902, Ringling Brothers Parade Film was released.
In 1902, the Herron School of Art and Design was established; its first core faculty included Impressionist painters belonging to the Hoosier Group.
In 1902, the Indianapolis Indians, a Minor League Baseball team, were established.
In 1902, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument was completed, becoming a signature example of Indiana limestone use in Indianapolis.
In 1905, the Birch Bayh Federal Building and United States Courthouse was built, prominently featuring Indiana limestone in its construction in Indianapolis.
From 1906, the U.S. Army operated Fort Benjamin Harrison in neighboring Lawrence.
In 1907, Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral was constructed using Indiana limestone as a signature building material in Indianapolis.
In 1909, George Kessler's Indianapolis Park and Boulevard Plan was created, linking notable parks with a system of parkways along the city's waterways.
In 1909, the Indianapolis Masonic Temple was built, showcasing Indiana limestone as a key construction material.
In 1909, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway was completed as an automotive test track.
In 1910, Old Indianapolis City Hall was constructed, featuring Indiana limestone as a prominent building material.
In 1910, the Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Company was founded in Indianapolis during a period of growth and innovation.
In 1910, the Old National Centre, the oldest stagehouse in Indianapolis, opened in the Mass Ave Cultural Arts District, featuring the Murat Theatre, Egyptian Room, and Corinthian Hall.
On May 30, 1911, Ray Harroun won the inaugural Indianapolis 500 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
Since 1911, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway has hosted the Indianapolis 500, an open-wheel automobile race.
In 1913, Indianapolis was one of the hardest hit cities in the Great Flood of 1913, resulting in five known deaths and the displacement of 7,000 families.
In 1913, the Indianapolis streetcar strike, subsequent police mutiny and riots led to the creation of the state's earliest labor-protection laws.
From 1914–1942, 1956–2008, Ford Motor Company maintained a presence in the city.
In 1915, Allison Transmission was founded in Indianapolis during a period of growth and innovation.
Rolls-Royce North America dates its local presence to the establishment of the Allison Engine Company in 1915.
In 1917, the Central Library was built, using Indiana limestone as a key building material in Indianapolis.
Around 1920, Indianapolis marked the end of its Golden Age of Indiana Literature (which began around 1870). Several notable poets and writers based in the city achieved national prominence and critical acclaim during this period.
From 1921, led by D. C. Stephenson, the Indiana Klan became the most powerful political and social organization in Indianapolis through 1928, controlling the City Council and the Board of School Commissioners.
From 1925–2005, Chrysler maintained a presence in the city.
In 1927, the Madam Walker Legacy Center opened on Indiana Avenue, hosting vaudeville shows and becoming a central part of the Indiana Avenue jazz scene from the 1920s through the 1960s.
In 1927, the Scottish Rite Cathedral was constructed, and Indiana limestone was featured prominently in the building of the cathedral in Indianapolis.
In 1928, Hinkle Fieldhouse opened as the world's largest basketball arena and "Indiana's Basketball Cathedral."
The Indiana Klan's period of influence ended in 1928, after having been the most powerful political and social organization in Indianapolis since 1921.
In 1929, Circle Tower was built, featuring Indiana limestone in its construction in Indianapolis.
In 1929, the motion picture "Speedway" was filmed at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
From 1930–2011, General Motors maintained a presence in the city.
In 1934, the Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau was constructed, utilizing Indiana limestone as a key building material in Indianapolis.
On July 14, 1936, Indianapolis recorded its official highest temperature of 106 °F (41 °C).
From 1914–1942, 1956–2008, Ford Motor Company maintained a presence in the city.
In 1947, area code 317 was established as the original area code for the Indianapolis area.
In 1948, James Baskett received an Academy Honorary Award for his role in Walt Disney's "Song of the South", making him the first Black male Oscar recipient.
In 1949, Sid Grauman, one of the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, received an Academy Honorary Award, recognized for raising the standard for film exhibition.
In 1950, the motion picture "To Please a Lady" was filmed at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
Starting in 1950, the post–World War II economic expansion and subsequent suburbanization greatly influenced the city's development patterns.
From 1914–1942, 1956–2008, Ford Motor Company maintained a presence in the city.
In 1962, the City-County Building was constructed, becoming the first high-rise in the city to surpass the monument’s height.
In 1963, Clowes Memorial Hall was built, featuring Indiana limestone as a prominent part of the architecture in Indianapolis.
In 1963, the twin 295-foot (90 m) 30-floor Riley Towers, the tallest residential buildings in Indianapolis, were completed.
John J. Barton won the mayoral election in 1963, prior to Bart Peterson taking office in 2000.
In 1965, the Indianapolis Times ceased publication.
In 1967, the Indiana Pacers were founded and began in the American Basketball Association (ABA).
Republicans held the mayor's office in Indianapolis starting in 1967.
In 1968, Richard Lugar began his mayoral administration, which lasted until 1976.
In 1968, while campaigning in the city, Robert F. Kennedy delivered a lauded speech following Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination.
As in most U.S. cities during the civil rights movement, Indianapolis experienced strained race relations, including 1969 riots.
In 1969, Indianapolis hosted the U.S. Clay Court Championships.
In 1969, the motion picture "Winning" was filmed at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
On January 1, 1970, the Unigov consolidation became effective, expanding the city's land area and population.
From 1950 to 1970, nearly 100,000 housing units were built in Marion County, most outside Center Township in suburban neighborhoods.
From its inception in 1970, the City-County Council was controlled by Republicans.
In 1970, Indianapolis officially became the Consolidated City of Indianapolis and Marion County under Indiana Code's Unigov provision.
In 1970, led by Mel Daniels, Roger Brown, and George McGinnis, the Indiana Pacers won an ABA championship.
In 1970, the city-county consolidation, known as Unigov, began operating, directing local government administration under an elected 25-member city-county council headed by the mayor.
In 1971, a federal court decision forced Indianapolis Public Schools to implement desegregation busing, which proved controversial.
In 1972, led by Mel Daniels, Roger Brown, and George McGinnis, the Indiana Pacers won an ABA championship.
In 1973, led by Mel Daniels, Roger Brown, and George McGinnis, the Indiana Pacers won an ABA championship.
In 1976, Richard Lugar's mayoral administration ended, having begun in 1968.
In 1976, William Hudnut began his mayoral administration, which lasted until 1992.
In 1976, the Indiana Pacers joined the National Basketball Association (NBA) when the ABA and NBA leagues merged.
Since 1979, White River State Park has been owned and operated by the White River State Park Development Commission.
In 1982, Indianapolis hosted the National Sports Festival.
In 1982, Indianapolis hosted the U.S. Olympic Festival as part of an economic development strategy.
In 1982, the OneAmerica Tower was constructed, showcasing Indiana limestone in its building design in Indianapolis.
Since 1983, WFBQ has been the flagship station for the nationally syndicated radio program "The Bob & Tom Show".
In 1984, the Baltimore Colts relocated to Indianapolis as part of an economic development strategy.
In 1984, the Indianapolis Colts relocated from Baltimore to Indianapolis.
Between 1985 and 2001, nearly 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of the former canal in downtown Indianapolis were redeveloped into a cultural and recreational amenity.
In 1986, the sports venues of Indianapolis served as backdrops for the film "Hoosiers".
In 1987, Indianapolis hosted both the Pan American Games and the U.S. Clay Court Championships.
In 1987, Indianapolis hosted the Pan American Games as part of an economic development strategy.
In 1988, the Indianapolis Tennis Championships were held in Indianapolis.
In 1988, the sports venues of Indianapolis served as backdrops for the film "Eight Men Out".
Between 1990 and 2012, approximately 26,900 manufacturing jobs were lost in Indianapolis due to deindustrialization.
In 1990, the 48-floor Salesforce Tower, was completed and is the city’s tallest, with a roof height of 701 feet (214 m).
In 1991, Indianapolis hosted the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.
In 1991, the U.S. Army ceased operating Fort Benjamin Harrison in neighboring Lawrence.
In 1992, Stephen Goldsmith's mayoral administration began, introducing austerity measures to address budget shortfalls.
In 1992, William Hudnut's mayoral administration ended, having begun in 1976.
On January 19, 1994, Indianapolis experienced its official lowest temperature of −27 °F (−33 °C).
In 1994, the World Rowing Championships were held in Indianapolis.
In 1996, Fort Harrison State Park was established, covering 1,744 acres and managed by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources.
In 1996, Victory Field replaced Bush Stadium as the home of the Indianapolis Indians.
In 1997, the motion picture "Going All the Way" was at least partially filmed in Indianapolis.
In 1998, homicides in Indianapolis hit a spike when the city reached 162 murders.
In 1999, Gainbridge Fieldhouse replaced Market Square Arena, shared by the Fever and Pacers.
In 1999, the Indianapolis News, an evening publication, printed its last edition.
In 1999, the Republican party's 32-year control of the mayor's office in Indianapolis came to an end.
In 2000, Bart Peterson took office as mayor, the first Democrat elected since John J. Barton's 1963 election.
In 2000, led by Larry Bird and Reggie Miller, the Indiana Pacers made their first NBA Finals appearance.
In 2000, the Indiana Fever of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) debuted.
In 2000, the Indianapolis Indians won a championship.
In the 2000 United States presidential election, Marion County voters narrowly selected George W. Bush over Al Gore by a margin of 1.3%.
Since 2000, Indianapolis saw a 131% increase in its foreign-born population.
Since the 2000s, downtown Indianapolis and surrounding neighborhoods have seen increased reinvestment mirroring nationwide market trends.
Between 1985 and 2001, nearly 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of the former canal in downtown Indianapolis were redeveloped into a cultural and recreational amenity.
In 2001, "Hoosiers" was added to the National Film Registry.
In 2001, Masjid Al Mu'mineen was established, reflecting the growing religious diversity in Indianapolis.
In 2001, the mayor's office became the first in the U.S. to authorize charter schools.
In 2003, Indianapolis Cultural Districts were designated.
In 2003, Republicans lost control of the City-County Council, a position they had held since 1970.
In 2003, the Indianapolis parkway system, covering 3,474 acres, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
In 2004, the motion pictures "Palindromes" and "Saving Star Wars" were at least partially filmed in Indianapolis.
In the 2004 United States presidential election, Marion County voters favored John Kerry over George W. Bush by a margin of 1.9%.
From 1925–2005, Chrysler maintained a presence in the city.
Since 2005, Eskenazi Hall at IU Indianapolis has been home to the Herron School of Art and Design.
In 2006, murders in Indianapolis spiked again, reaching 153 murders.
In 2006, the Hindu Temple of Central Indiana was established, reflecting the growing religious diversity in Indianapolis.
In 2007, further consolidation of city and county units of government resulted in the establishment of the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department.
In 2007, led by Tony Dungy and Peyton Manning, the Indianapolis Colts won Super Bowl XLI.
In 2007, the U.S. Census Bureau reported the median household income for Indianapolis was $42,704.
From 1914–1942, 1956–2008, Ford Motor Company maintained a presence in the city.
In 2008, Lucas Oil Stadium replaced the RCA Dome as the home of the Indianapolis Colts.
In 2008, the Indianapolis metropolitan area had the highest concentration of chain restaurants per capita in the U.S.
In 2008, two of Indianapolis's largest capital projects, the Indianapolis International Airport's new terminal and Lucas Oil Stadium, were completed.
In 2009, the Indianapolis Tennis Championships were held in Indianapolis.
In 2009, the motion picture "Amanda" was at least partially filmed in Indianapolis.
Since 2009, microbreweries have become a staple in Indianapolis, increasing fivefold.
In 2010, the median age for Indianapolis was 33.7 years, with a specific age distribution.
The 2010 census reported 332,199 households in Indianapolis, with an average household size of 2.42 and an average family size of 3.08.
From 1930–2011, General Motors maintained a presence in the city.
Since 2011, annual criminal homicide numbers had grown each year, reaching record highs from 2015 to 2018.
The U.S. Census Bureau's 2007–2011 American Community Survey indicated the median household income for Indianapolis city was $42,704, and the median family income was $53,161.
Between 1990 and 2012, approximately 26,900 manufacturing jobs were lost in Indianapolis due to deindustrialization.
In 2012, John Green, a young adult fiction writer, released his critically acclaimed novel "The Fault in Our Stars", which is set in Indianapolis.
In 2012, St. Elmo Steak House was recognized with the America's Classics award by the James Beard Foundation.
In 2012, construction began on DigIndy, a $2 billion tunnel system designed to reduce sewage overflows into the city's waterways.
In 2012, led by Lin Dunn and Tamika Catchings, the Indiana Fever won their first WNBA championship title.
According to 2014 research published in the American Political Science Review, Indianapolis's policy preferences are less conservative than the national mean when compared with other large U.S. cities.
In 2015, 10.5 percent of Indianapolis households lacked a car.
In 2015, Brookings characterized the Indianapolis metropolitan area as a minor-emerging immigrant gateway with a growing foreign-born population.
In 2015, Indianapolis Public Schools began contracting with charter organizations and nonprofit managers to operate failing schools.
In 2015, the Indianapolis Indiana Temple was established in Carmel, reflecting the growing religious diversity in the region.
In 2015, the motion picture "Walter" was at least partially filmed in Indianapolis.
In 2015, with 144 criminal homicides, Indianapolis surpassed 1998 as the year with the most murder investigations in the city.
According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 83.7% of working residents in Indianapolis commuted by driving alone. Indianapolis averaged 1.63 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.
Film Indy was established in 2016 to support local visual artists, filmmakers, and aspiring filmmakers; recruit film and television-related marketing opportunities to the region, and provide resources for producers interested in filming in the city.
In 2016, Carrier Corporation announced the closure of its Indianapolis plant, moving 1,400 manufacturing jobs to Mexico.
In 2016, Condé Nast Traveler named Indianapolis the "most underrated food city in the U.S.", also ranking Milktooth as one of the best restaurants in the world.
In 2016, a bioblitz along three of Indianapolis's riparian corridors identified 590 taxa of wildlife.
In 2016, area code 463 was added as an overlay code for the same area as 317, making ten-digit dialing mandatory for all calls in the region.
In 2016, the Public Religion Research Institute identified the largest groupings of Protestantism by faith tradition: 23% Evangelical Protestant, 20% Mainline Protestant, and 11% Black Protestant, respectively.
Indianapolis regularly hosted the NCAA Division I women's basketball Final Fours, most recently in 2016.
Since 2016, the administration of Joe Hogsett has focused on addressing a rise in gun violence and the city's racial disparities.
In 2017, the North Meridian Street Historic District was among the most affluent urban neighborhoods in the U.S., with a mean household income of $102,599.
In 2018, Indianapolis experienced 159 criminal homicides, marking it as the most violent year on record in the city.
In 2018, electric scooter-sharing systems including Bird, Lime, and Veo launched in Indianapolis.
In 2018, the Indy Shorts International Film Festival was founded. It is one of 34 film festivals in the world used to qualify for the Academy Awards.
As of 2019, Indianapolis was home to two major league sports teams, three Fortune 500 companies, eight university campuses, and numerous cultural institutions, including the world's largest children's museum.
In 2019, Joe Hogsett was re-elected as mayor with 72% of the vote, and the City-County Council elections expanded Democratic control of the council to a 20–5 supermajority over Republicans.
In 2019, NUVO, an alternative weekly, became digital-only.
In 2019, pre-COVID-19 pandemic ridership of IndyGo was 9.2 million.
In 2019, the motion picture "The MisEducation of Bindu" was at least partially filmed in Indianapolis.
Until 2019, annual criminal homicide numbers had grown each year since 2011, reaching record highs from 2015 to 2018.
According to the 2020 census, Indianapolis proper had a population of 887,642, making it the 16th-most populous city in the United States and the fourth-most populous state capital.
According to the Indy Chamber, in 2020 the Indianapolis region was home to some 4,300 logistics establishments employing nearly 110,000.
As of 2020, there were 129 community farms and gardens in Indianapolis. Urban agriculture has made a comeback in recent years in an effort to alleviate food deserts.
At the 2020 census, Indianapolis had a population of 887,642 and a population density of 2,455 people per square mile.
In 2020, IndyGo's fleet of 212 buses provided about 4.8 million passenger trips.
In 2020, The Williams Institute reported that the Indianapolis metropolitan area had an estimated 4.6% LGBT adult population.
In 2020, the George Floyd protests in Indiana prompted a series of local police reforms and renewed efforts to bolster social services.
In 2020, the Indianapolis metropolitan area had a population of 2,111,040.
In 2020, the motion picture "Athlete A" was at least partially filmed in Indianapolis.
In the 2020 United States presidential election, Marion County voters selected Joe Biden over Donald Trump by a margin of 63.3–34.3%.
In the 2020 census, Indianapolis was among the 20 largest cities in the U.S. by both population and land area.
Since 2020, Ganggang has prominently supported Black artists in Indianapolis, hosting the annual art fair "BUTTER" over Labor Day weekend, a multi-day art exhibition.
Sometime between 2020 and 2023, Marion County became majority non-white.
In 2021, Indianapolis boasted over 3,000 recorded works of public art, with more than a third concentrated downtown, including pieces from the Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis Public Art Collection, the Indiana Statehouse Public Art Collection, and the Indianapolis Cultural Trail. Murals were the most popular medium.
In 2021, Ringling Brothers Parade Film was added to the National Film Registry.
In 2021, The AMP and The Garage food halls opened in Indianapolis as part of the city's emerging food scene.
In 2021, a mass shooting occurred at a FedEx facility on the city's southwest side, killing nine and injuring seven others.
In 2022, the College Football Playoff National Championship was held in Indianapolis.
In 2022, the estimated population of the Indianapolis metropolitan area was 2,141,779.
In 2022, the motion picture "Our Father" was at least partially filmed in Indianapolis.
The estimated population of Indianapolis in 2022 was 880,621.
In 2023, The Children's Museum of Indianapolis, the world's largest children's museum, attracted approximately 1.2 million visitors, making it one of the region's most popular attractions.
In 2023, a Point-In-Time Count identified 1,619 homeless individuals in Indianapolis, with the majority being sheltered.
In 2023, the Indianapolis Zoo, housing over 1,400 animals, was visited by 1.1 million guests, making it one of the city's most visited attractions.
Indianapolis anchors the 28th largest metropolitan economy in the United States, with a gross domestic product of US$199.2 billion in 2023.
Sometime between 2020 and 2023, Marion County became majority non-white.
In February 2024, the unemployment rate in the Indianapolis metropolitan area was 3.7%.
In 2024, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) was dissolved.
In 2024, the Indianapolis International Airport served 10.5 million passengers and offered nonstop service to 53 domestic and international destinations.
In 2025, the Pacers returned to the NBA Finals, led by Rick Carlisle and Tyrese Haliburton.
Indianapolis is set to regularly hosts the NCAA Division I men's basketball Final Fours, most recently in 2026.
In 2027, the new $4.3 billion IU Health academic medical center is slated to open, consolidating and replacing Methodist and University hospitals.
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