Indianapolis, or Indy, is the capital and most populous city of Indiana, also serving as the county seat of Marion County. Located in the central till plain along the White River's west fork, its slogan, "Crossroads of America", highlights its historical significance as a transportation center and its central location to major North American markets.
On May 15, 1902, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument was dedicated and would later become the city's unofficial symbol.
Established in 1902, the Herron School of Art and Design's first core faculty included Impressionist painters belonging to the Hoosier Group.
Following the dedication of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in 1902, Indianapolis enacted its first height restriction laws to protect views of the monument.
In 1902, the Indianapolis Indians were established, becoming one of the oldest teams in Minor League Baseball.
In 1902, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument was built using Indiana limestone.
The Ringling Brothers Parade Film was filmed in 1902.
In 1905, the Birch Bayh Federal Building and United States Courthouse was built using Indiana limestone.
In 1906, the U.S. Army began operating Fort Benjamin Harrison in neighboring Lawrence.
In 1907, Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral was built using Indiana limestone.
In 1909, George Kessler's Indianapolis Park and Boulevard Plan linked notable parks with a system of parkways following the city's waterways.
In 1909, the Indianapolis Masonic Temple was built using Indiana limestone.
In 1909, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway was completed as an automotive test track.
In 1910, Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Company was founded.
In 1910, Old Indianapolis City Hall was built using Indiana limestone.
In 1910, the Old National Centre, the oldest stagehouse in Indianapolis, opened in the Mass Ave Cultural Arts District.
On May 30, 1911, Ray Harroun won the inaugural running of the Indianapolis 500 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
In 1911, the 2.5-mile-long rectangular oval hosted the first Indianapolis 500, an open-wheel automobile race.
In 1913, Indianapolis was one of the hardest hit cities in the Great Flood, resulting in five known deaths and the displacement of 7,000 families.
In 1913, the Indianapolis streetcar strike, subsequent police mutiny and riots led to the creation of the state's earliest labor-protection laws.
Ford Motor Company operated in Indianapolis from 1914–1942, 1956–2008.
In 1915, Allison Transmission was founded.
Rolls-Royce North America dates its local presence to the establishment of the Allison Engine Company in 1915.
Around 1920, the Golden Age of Indiana Literature ended. Indianapolis had been a hub for notable poets and writers who achieved national prominence during this period.
From 1921, the Indiana Klan became the most powerful political and social organization in Indianapolis.
Chrysler operated in Indianapolis from 1925–2005.
In 1927, the Madam Walker Legacy Center opened on Indiana Avenue. The building's theater hosted vaudeville shows and anchored the Indiana Avenue jazz scene from the 1920s through the 1960s.
In 1927, the Scottish Rite Cathedral was built using Indiana limestone.
In 1928, Hinkle Fieldhouse opened as the world's largest basketball arena.
Until 1928, the Indiana Klan controlled the City Council and the Board of School Commissioners, among others.
In 1929, the motion picture "Speedway" was filmed at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
General Motors operated in Indianapolis from 1930–2011.
In 1934, the Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau was built using Indiana limestone.
On July 14, 1936, Indianapolis recorded its official record high temperature of 106 °F (41 °C).
Ford Motor Company operated in Indianapolis from 1914–1942, 1956–2008.
In 1947, area code 317 was established as the original area code for the Indianapolis area.
In 1948, James Baskett received an Academy Honorary Award for his role in Walt Disney's Song of the South, becoming the first Black male Oscar recipient.
In 1949, Sid Grauman, a founder of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, received an Academy Honorary Award for raising the standard for film exhibition.
In 1950, the motion picture "To Please a Lady" was filmed at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
Starting in 1950, the post–World War II economic expansion and subsequent suburbanization greatly influenced the city's development patterns.
Ford Motor Company operated in Indianapolis from 1914–1942, 1956–2008.
In 1962, the City-County Building became the first high-rise in the city to surpass the monument’s height, reaching 372 feet.
In 1963, Clowes Memorial Hall was built using Indiana limestone.
In 1963, John J. Barton was elected mayor.
In 1963, the twin 295-foot Riley Towers were completed, becoming the tallest residential buildings in Indianapolis.
In 1965, the Indianapolis Times ceased publication.
In 1967, Republicans began a 32-year hold on the mayor's office in Indianapolis.
In 1967, the Indiana Pacers were founded and began in the American Basketball Association (ABA).
Richard Lugar's mayoral administration began in 1968.
While campaigning in the city in 1968, Robert F. Kennedy delivered one of the most lauded speeches in 20th century American history, following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
As in most U.S. cities during the civil rights movement, in 1969 Indianapolis experienced strained race relations, including riots.
In 1969, the motion picture "Winning" was filmed at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
The U.S. Clay Court Championships were held in Indianapolis starting in 1969.
Effective January 1, 1970, Unigov expanded the city's land area by more than 300 square miles and increased its population by some 250,000 people.
From 1950 to 1970, nearly 100,000 housing units were built in Marion County, most outside Center Township in suburban neighborhoods such as Castleton, Eagledale, and Nora.
In 1970, Indianapolis officially became the Consolidated City of Indianapolis and Marion County under Indiana Code's Unigov provision, consolidating many functions of municipal and county governments.
In 1970, the Indiana Pacers, led by Mel Daniels, Roger Brown, and George McGinnis won an ABA championship.
In 1970, the Republican party controlled the City-County Council.
Since the 1970 city-county consolidation, known as Unigov, local government administration operates under the direction of an elected 25-member city-county council headed by the mayor.
In 1971, a federal court decision forced Indianapolis Public Schools to implement desegregation busing, which proved controversial.
In 1972, the Indiana Pacers, led by Mel Daniels, Roger Brown, and George McGinnis won an ABA championship.
In 1973, the Indiana Pacers, led by Mel Daniels, Roger Brown, and George McGinnis won an ABA championship.
In 1976, the Indiana Pacers joined the National Basketball Association (NBA) when the leagues merged.
Richard Lugar's mayoral administration ended in 1976.
William Hudnut's mayoral administration began in 1976.
Since 1979, White River has been owned and operated by the White River State Park Development Commission, a quasi-governmental agency. White River's 250 acres (100 ha) are home to several attractions, including the Indianapolis Zoo and White River Gardens.
Indianapolis landed the U.S. Olympic Festival in 1982.
The National Sports Festival was held in Indianapolis in 1982.
Since 1983, WFBQ has been the flagship station for the nationally syndicated radio program "The Bob & Tom Show".
In 1984, the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League relocated from Baltimore to Indianapolis.
Indianapolis secured the relocation of the Baltimore Colts in 1984.
Between 1985 and 2001, nearly 1.5 miles of the former Indiana Central canal in downtown Indianapolis were redeveloped into a cultural and recreational amenity.
In 1986, Kurt Vonnegut returned to Indianapolis, acknowledging the significant influence the city had on his writings.
In 1986, the film "Hoosiers" was released, using the city's sports venues as backdrops.
Indianapolis hosted the 1987 Pan American Games.
In 1988, the film "Eight Men Out" was released, using the city's sports venues as backdrops.
The Indianapolis Tennis Championships were held in Indianapolis starting in 1988.
Between 1990 and 2012, approximately 26,900 manufacturing jobs were lost in Indianapolis.
In 1990, the Salesforce Tower, completed in 1990, is the city’s tallest, with a roof height of 701 feet.
In 1991, the U.S. Army ceased operations at Fort Benjamin Harrison in neighboring Lawrence.
The World Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Indianapolis in 1991.
In 1992, the mayoral administration of Stephen Goldsmith introduced a number of austerity measures to address budget shortfalls through privatization and greater reliance on public–private partnerships.
William Hudnut's mayoral administration ended in 1992.
On January 19, 1994, Indianapolis recorded its official record low temperature of −27 °F (−33 °C).
The World Rowing Championships were held in Indianapolis in 1994.
In 1996, Fort Harrison State Park was established. The park covers 1,744 acres (706 ha) that are overseen by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources.
In 1996, Victory Field replaced Bush Stadium as the home of the Indianapolis Indians.
In 1997, the motion picture "Going All the Way" was at least partially filmed in Indianapolis.
In 1998, Indianapolis experienced a homicide spike, reaching 162 murders.
In 1999, Gainbridge Fieldhouse replaced Market Square Arena as the shared home of the Indiana Fever and Pacers.
In 1999, the Indianapolis News, an evening publication, printed its last edition.
In 1999, the Republican's 32-year hold on the mayor's office ended.
From 2000, the foreign-born population of Indianapolis increased by 131%.
In 2000, Bart Peterson took office as mayor.
In 2000, led by Larry Bird and Reggie Miller, the Indiana Pacers made their first NBA Finals appearance.
In 2000, the Indiana Fever of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) debuted.
In the 2000 United States presidential election, Marion County voters narrowly selected George W. Bush over Al Gore by a margin of 1.3%.
Since the 2000s, downtown Indianapolis and surrounding neighborhoods have seen increased reinvestment mirroring nationwide market trends, driven by empty nesters and millennials.
The Indianapolis Indians won a championship in 2000.
The United States Grand Prix was held in Indianapolis starting in 2000.
Between 1985 and 2001, nearly 1.5 miles of the former Indiana Central canal in downtown Indianapolis were redeveloped into a cultural and recreational amenity.
In 2001, Hoosiers was added to the National Film Registry.
In 2001, Masjid Al Mu'mineen was established in Indianapolis.
In 2001, the mayor's office became the first in the U.S. to authorize charter schools.
The World Police and Fire Games were held in Indianapolis in 2001.
In 2003, Indianapolis Cultural Districts were designated.
In 2003, the Indianapolis Park and Boulevard Plan's 3,474 acres were added to the National Register of Historic Places.
In 2003, the Republican party lost control of the City-County Council.
In 2004, the motion pictures "Palindromes" and "Saving Star Wars" were at least partially filmed in Indianapolis.
In the 2004 United States presidential election, Marion County voters favored John Kerry over George W. Bush by a margin of 1.9%.
Chrysler operated in Indianapolis from 1925–2005.
Since 2005, Eskenazi Hall at IU Indianapolis has been home to the Herron School of Art and Design, hosting five public galleries and numerous programs throughout the year.
In 2006, Indianapolis experienced another spike with 153 murders.
In 2006, the Hindu Temple of Central Indiana was established.
In 2007, further consolidation of city and county units of government resulted in the establishment of the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department.
In 2007, led by Tony Dungy and Peyton Manning, the Indianapolis Colts won Super Bowl XLI.
Later in 2007, Greg Ballard succeeded Peterson in a political upset.
The U.S. Census Bureau's 2007–2011 American Community Survey indicated the median household income for Indianapolis city was $42,704.
The United States Grand Prix was held in Indianapolis ending in 2007.
Ford Motor Company operated in Indianapolis from 1914–1942, 1956–2008.
In 2008, Lucas Oil Stadium replaced the RCA Dome as the home of the Indianapolis Colts.
In 2008, the Indianapolis metropolitan area had the highest concentration of chain restaurants per capita in the U.S.
In 2008, two of the city's largest capital projects, the Indianapolis International Airport's new terminal and Lucas Oil Stadium, were completed.
In 2009, the motion picture "Amanda" was at least partially filmed in the city.
Since 2009, Microbreweries have become a staple in the city, increasing fivefold.
The Indianapolis Tennis Championships were held in Indianapolis ending in 2009.
In 2010, the median age for Indianapolis was 33.7 years.
The 2010 census reported 332,199 households in Indianapolis, with an average household size of 2.42 and an average family size of 3.08.
From 2011 to 2019, there was a rise in annual homicide numbers.
General Motors operated in Indianapolis from 1930–2011.
The U.S. Census Bureau's 2007–2011 American Community Survey indicated that 18.9% of Indianapolis's total population lived below the poverty line.
Between 1990 and 2012, approximately 26,900 manufacturing jobs were lost in Indianapolis.
In 2012, John Green published his critically acclaimed young adult novel, "The Fault in Our Stars", which is set in Indianapolis.
In 2012, St. Elmo Steak House was recognized with the America's Classics award by the James Beard Foundation.
In 2012, construction began on a $2 billion tunnel system designed to reduce sewage overflows into the city's waterways.
In 2012, led by Lin Dunn and Tamika Catchings, the Indiana Fever won their first WNBA championship title.
In 2014, research published in the American Political Science Review indicated that Indianapolis's policy preferences are less conservative than the national mean compared to other large U.S. cities.
In 2015, 10.5 percent of Indianapolis households lacked a car.
In 2015, Brookings characterized the Indianapolis metropolitan area as a minor-emerging immigrant gateway with a foreign-born population of 126,767, which was 6.4% of the total population.
In 2015, Indianapolis Public Schools (IPS) began contracting with charter organizations and nonprofit managers to operate failing schools.
In 2015, Indianapolis surpassed 1998 as the year with the most murder investigations in the city, with 144 criminal homicides.
In 2015, the Indianapolis Indiana Temple, located in Carmel, was opened. Also in 2015, the First Church of Cannabis was established.
In 2015, the motion picture "Walter" was at least partially filmed in the city.
According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 83.7% of working residents in Indianapolis commuted by driving alone, and the city averaged 1.63 cars per household.
Film Indy was established in 2016 to support local visual artists, filmmakers, and aspiring filmmakers, as well as recruit film and television-related marketing opportunities.
In 2016, Carrier Corporation announced the closure of its Indianapolis plant, moving 1,400 manufacturing jobs to Mexico.
In 2016, Condé Nast Traveler named Indianapolis the "most underrated food city in the U.S.", also ranking Milktooth as one of the best restaurants in the world.
In 2016, a bioblitz along three of Indianapolis's riparian corridors found 590 taxa of wildlife.
In 2016, area code 463 was added as an overlay code for the Indianapolis area, making ten-digit dialing mandatory.
In 2016, the Public Religion Research Institute identified the largest groupings of Protestantism by faith tradition.
Indianapolis hosted the NCAA Division I women's basketball Final Four in 2016.
Since 2016, the administration of Joe Hogsett has focused on addressing a rise in gun violence and the city's racial disparities.
In 2017, the North Meridian Street Historic District is among the most affluent urban neighborhoods in the U.S., with a mean household income of $102,599.
In 2018, Indianapolis experienced its most violent year on record, with 159 criminal homicides.
In 2018, electric scooter-sharing systems, including Bird, Lime, and Veo, were launched in Indianapolis.
In 2018, the Indy Shorts International Film Festival was founded, becoming one of 34 film festivals in the world used to qualify for the Academy Awards.
In 2019, Democrat Joe Hogsett was elected to a second term as mayor of Indianapolis, and the City-County Council elections expanded Democratic control, resulting in a 20–5 supermajority over Republicans.
In 2019, NUVO, an alternative weekly publication, transitioned to a digital-only format.
In 2019, pre-COVID-19 pandemic IndyGo ridership was 9.2 million.
In 2019, the motion picture "The MisEducation of Bindu" was at least partially filmed in the city.
Until 2019, annual criminal homicide numbers had grown each year since 2011, reaching record highs from 2015 to 2018.
According to the Indy Chamber, in 2020 the Indianapolis region was home to some 4,300 establishments employing nearly 110,000 in the logistics sector.
At the 2020 census, Indianapolis had a population of 887,642 and a population density of 2,455 people per square mile (948/km).
In 2020, IndyGo's fleet of 212 buses provided about 4.8 million passenger trips.
In 2020, according to the city's Office of Sustainability, there were 129 community farms and gardens in Indianapolis.
In 2020, the George Floyd protests in Indiana prompted a series of local police reforms and renewed efforts to bolster social services for mental health treatment and homelessness.
In 2020, the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department (IMPD) had 1,700 sworn police personnel and 250 civilian employees across six districts.
In 2020, the Indianapolis metropolitan area's population was 2,111,040.
In 2020, the Williams Institute reported that the Indianapolis metropolitan area had an estimated 4.6% LGBT adult population, totaling about 68,000.
In 2020, the motion picture "Athlete A" was at least partially filmed in Indianapolis.
In the 2020 United States presidential election, Marion County voters selected Joe Biden over Donald Trump by a margin of 63.3–34.3%.
In the 2020 census, Indianapolis was among the 20 largest cities in the U.S. by both population and land area.
Since 2020, Ganggang has been a prominent supporter of Black artists in the city. Their annual art fair "BUTTER" is a multi-day art exhibition that takes place over Labor Day weekend.
Sometime between 2020 and 2023, Marion County became majority non-white.
In 2021, Ringling Brothers Parade Film was added to the National Film Registry.
In 2021, a mass shooting occurred at a FedEx facility on the city's southwest side, killing nine (including the gunman) and injuring seven others.
In 2021, the AMP and The Garage food halls opened in Indianapolis.
In 2021, there were more than 3,000 recorded works of public art in Indianapolis.
Indianapolis hosted the NCAA Division I men's basketball Final Four in 2021.
In 2022, the estimated population of Indianapolis was 880,621.
In 2022, the estimated population of the Indianapolis metropolitan area was 2,141,779.
In 2022, the motion picture "Our Father" was at least partially filmed in Indianapolis.
The College Football Playoff National Championship was held in Indianapolis in 2022.
In 2023, The Children's Museum of Indianapolis attracted about 1.2 million visitors, making it one of the region's most popular attractions.
In 2023, a Point-In-Time Count identified 1,619 homeless individuals in Indianapolis.
In 2023, the Indianapolis Zoo had 1.1 million guests, making it one of the city's most visited attractions.
Indianapolis anchors the 28th largest metropolitan economy in the U.S., with a gross domestic product of US$199.2 billion in 2023.
Sometime between 2020 and 2023, Marion County became majority non-white.
In February 2024, the unemployment rate for the Indianapolis metropolitan area was 3.7%.
In 2024, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) was dissolved.
In 2024, the Indianapolis airport served 10.5 million passengers and offered nonstop service to 53 domestic and international destinations.
In 2025, the Noblesville Boom of the NBA G League will begin playing at The Arena at Innovation Mile.
In 2027, the new $4.3 billion IU Health academic medical center is slated to open, consolidating and replacing Methodist and University hospitals.
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