Indianapolis, or Indy, is the capital and most populous city of Indiana, also serving as the county seat of Marion County. Located in the central till plain region along the White River's west fork, it's known as the "Crossroads of America." This slogan reflects its historical significance as a key transportation hub due to its central location relative to other major North American markets.
Jim Irsay, owner of the Indianapolis Colts, is preparing his daughters to succeed him. The Colts have also introduced a jersey patch to honor Irsay's contributions to the team and the NFL. It highlights his greatest accomplishment.
On May 15, 1902, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument was dedicated and later became the city's unofficial symbol.
Established in 1902, the Herron School of Art and Design's first core faculty included Impressionist painters belonging to the Hoosier Group.
In 1902, the Indianapolis Indians of the International League were established.
In 1902, the Ringling Brothers Parade Film was made.
In 1905, an ordinance restricted building heights on the traffic circle to 86 ft to protect views of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument.
In 1906, the U.S. Army began operating Fort Benjamin Harrison in neighboring Lawrence.
In 1909, George Kessler conceived the Indianapolis Park and Boulevard Plan, linking parks with parkways following waterways.
In 1909, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway was completed as an automotive test track.
In 1910, the Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Company was founded in Indianapolis.
In 1910, the Old National Centre, the oldest stagehouse in Indianapolis, opened in the Mass Ave Cultural Arts District.
On May 30, 1911, Ray Harroun won the inaugural Indianapolis 500, held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
Since 1911, the Indianapolis 500, an open-wheel automobile race, has been held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
In 1912, a citywide height restriction ordinance was instituted, barring structures over 200 ft.
In 1913, Indianapolis was severely impacted by the Great Flood of 1913, resulting in five deaths and the displacement of 7,000 families.
In 1913, the Indianapolis streetcar strike, police mutiny and riots led to the creation of the state's earliest labor-protection laws.
Ford Motor Company operated in Indianapolis from 1914–1942 and again from 1956–2008.
In 1915, Allison Transmission, a notable business, was founded in Indianapolis during a period of growth and innovation.
Rolls-Royce North America dates its local presence to the establishment of the Allison Engine Company in 1915.
Around 1920, the Golden Age of Indiana Literature, which had begun around 1870, came to an end. During this period, Indianapolis was a hub for notable poets and writers, including James Whitcomb Riley, Booth Tarkington, and Meredith Nicholson.
From 1921, led by D. C. Stephenson, the Indiana Klan became a powerful political and social organization in Indianapolis, controlling key institutions.
In 1922, the building height ordinance was revised, permitting buildings to rise to 108 ft with additional allowances for setbacks.
Chrysler operated in Indianapolis from 1925–2005.
The Madam Walker Legacy Center opened in 1927 on Indiana Avenue, becoming a hub for vaudeville shows and the Indiana Avenue jazz scene.
In 1928, Butler's Hinkle Fieldhouse opened as the world's largest basketball arena, with seating for 15,000.
The Indiana Klan remained the most powerful political and social organization in Indianapolis through 1928, after which its influence waned.
In 1929, the motion picture Speedway was filmed at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
General Motors operated in Indianapolis from 1930–2011.
On July 14, 1936, Indianapolis recorded its highest official temperature of 106 °F (41 °C).
Ford Motor Company operated in Indianapolis from 1914–1942 and again from 1956–2008.
In 1947, area code 317 was established as the original area code for the Indianapolis area.
In 1948, James Baskett received an Academy Honorary Award for his role in Walt Disney's Song of the South, making him the first Black male Oscar recipient.
In 1949, Sid Grauman, a founder of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, received an Academy Honorary Award for raising the standard for film exhibition.
In 1950, the motion picture To Please a Lady was filmed at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
Starting in 1950, the post–World War II economic expansion and subsequent suburbanization greatly influenced the city's development patterns.
Ford Motor Company operated in Indianapolis from 1914–1942 and again from 1956–2008.
Completed in 1962, the City-County Building was the first high-rise in the city to surpass the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in height.
In 1963, John J. Barton was elected mayor.
In 1965, the Indianapolis Times ceased publication.
In 1967, Republicans began their 32-year hold on the mayor's office.
In 1967, the Indiana Pacers were founded and began in the American Basketball Association (ABA).
In 1968, Richard Lugar began his mayoral administration (1968–1976) during which city and county governments consolidated.
While campaigning in Indianapolis in 1968, Robert F. Kennedy delivered a lauded speech following Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination.
In 1969, Indianapolis experienced riots, reflecting strained race relations during the civil rights movement.
Indianapolis hosted the U.S. Clay Court Championships starting in 1969.
Effective January 1, 1970, Unigov expanded Indianapolis' land area and population significantly, consolidating city and county governments.
From 1950 to 1970, nearly 100,000 housing units were built in Marion County, most outside Center Township in suburban neighborhoods.
In 1970, the City-County Council was established and controlled by Republicans.
In 1970, the Indiana Pacers, led by Mel Daniels, Roger Brown, and George McGinnis, won an ABA championship.
Since 1970, Indianapolis has had a consolidated city-county form of government under Indiana Code's Unigov provision.
In 1971, a federal court decision mandated desegregation busing in Indianapolis Public Schools, sparking controversy.
In 1972, the Indiana Pacers, led by Mel Daniels, Roger Brown, and George McGinnis, won an ABA championship.
In 1973, the Indiana Pacers, led by Mel Daniels, Roger Brown, and George McGinnis, won an ABA championship.
In 1976, William Hudnut began his mayoral administration (1976–1992), investing in sports venues and public relations as part of the Indianapolis Project.
In 1976, the Indiana Pacers joined the National Basketball Association (NBA) when the ABA and NBA leagues merged.
Richard Lugar's mayoral administration ended in 1976, during which time he oversaw the consolidation of the city and county governments and initiated downtown revitalization efforts.
Since 1979, White River State Park has been owned and operated by the White River State Park Development Commission.
A building boom began in 1982, lasting until 1990 and resulting in the construction of six of the city's ten tallest buildings.
In 1982, Indianapolis hosted the U.S. Olympic Festival as part of an aggressive economic development strategy.
Indianapolis hosted the National Sports Festival in 1982.
Since 1983, WFBQ has been the flagship station for The Bob & Tom Show.
In 1984, Indianapolis secured the relocation of the Baltimore Colts as part of a sports tourism strategy.
Between 1985 and 2001, nearly 1.5 miles of the canal in downtown Indianapolis were redeveloped into a cultural and recreational amenity.
In 1986, Kurt Vonnegut returned to Indianapolis and acknowledged the city's significant influence on his writings.
In 1986, the film Hoosiers used Indianapolis sports venues as backdrops.
In 1987, Indianapolis hosted the Pan American Games as part of a sports tourism strategy.
In 1988, the film Eight Men Out used Indianapolis sports venues as backdrops.
Indianapolis hosted the Indianapolis Tennis Championships starting in 1988.
Completed in 1990, Salesforce Tower, at 811 ft, became the tallest building in the city.
In 1991, the U.S. Army ceased operating Fort Benjamin Harrison in neighboring Lawrence.
Indianapolis hosted the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in 1991.
Beginning in 1992, Stephen Goldsmith's mayoral administration introduced austerity measures through privatization and public-private partnerships.
William Hudnut's mayoral administration ended in 1992, during which time millions of dollars were invested into sports venues and public relations campaigns.
On January 19, 1994, Indianapolis recorded its lowest official temperature of −27 °F (−33 °C).
Indianapolis hosted the World Rowing Championships in 1994.
Established in 1996, Fort Harrison State Park covers 1,744 acres and is overseen by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources.
In 1996, Victory Field replaced Bush Stadium as the home of the Indianapolis Indians.
In 1997, the motion picture Going All the Way was partially filmed in Indianapolis.
In 1998, Indianapolis experienced a spike in homicides, reaching 162 murders.
In 1999, Gainbridge Fieldhouse replaced Market Square Arena.
In 1999, Republicans' 32-year hold on the mayor's office ended.
In 1999, the Indianapolis News, an evening publication, printed its last edition.
In 2000, Bart Peterson became mayor, focusing on education reform and promoting the arts.
In 2000, led by Larry Bird and Reggie Miller, the Indiana Pacers made their lone NBA Finals appearance.
In 2000, the Indiana Fever of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) debuted.
In 2000, the Indianapolis Indians won a championship.
In the 2000 United States presidential election, Marion County voters narrowly selected George W. Bush over Al Gore by a margin of 1.3%.
Since 2000, the foreign-born population in Indianapolis has increased by 131%.
Since the 2000s, downtown Indianapolis and surrounding neighborhoods have seen increased reinvestment mirroring nationwide market trends.
Between 1985 and 2001, nearly 1.5 miles of the canal in downtown Indianapolis were redeveloped into a cultural and recreational amenity.
In 2001, Hoosiers was added to the National Film Registry.
In 2001, Masjid Al Mu'mineen, a mosque, was established in Indianapolis, reflecting the city's growing religious diversity.
In 2001, the Indianapolis mayor's office became the first in the U.S. to authorize charter schools.
In 2003, Indianapolis Cultural Districts were designated to promote the arts and cultural development.
In 2003, Republicans lost control of the City-County Council, which they had held since its inception in 1970.
In 2003, the Indianapolis park system's 3,474 acres were added to the National Register of Historic Places.
In 2004, the motion pictures Palindromes and Saving Star Wars were partially filmed in Indianapolis.
In the 2004 United States presidential election, Marion County voters favored John Kerry over George W. Bush by a margin of 1.9%.
Chrysler operated in Indianapolis from 1925–2005.
Since 2005, Eskenazi Hall at IU Indianapolis has been home to the Herron School, hosting five public galleries and numerous programs.
In 2006, Indianapolis experienced another spike in murders, with 153 recorded.
In 2006, the Hindu Temple of Central Indiana was established, reflecting the city's growing religious diversity.
In 2007, led by Tony Dungy and Peyton Manning, the Indianapolis Colts won Super Bowl XLI.
In 2007, the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department was established, and Greg Ballard succeeded Peterson as mayor.
The U.S. Census Bureau's 2007-2011 American Community Survey indicated the median household income for Indianapolis city was $42,704.
Ford Motor Company operated in Indianapolis from 1914–1942 and again from 1956–2008.
In 2008, Lucas Oil Stadium replaced the RCA Dome as the home of the Indianapolis Colts.
In 2008, the Indianapolis metropolitan area had the highest concentration of chain restaurants per capita in the U.S.
In 2008, two of Indianapolis' largest capital projects, the Indianapolis International Airport's new terminal and Lucas Oil Stadium, were completed.
In 2009, the motion picture Amanda was partially filmed in Indianapolis.
Indianapolis hosted the Indianapolis Tennis Championships until 2009.
Since 2009, the number of microbreweries in Indianapolis has increased fivefold.
In 2010, the median age for Indianapolis was 33.7 years.
The 2010 census reported 332,199 households in Indianapolis, with an average household size of 2.42 and an average family size of 3.08. 59.3% were family households.
From 2011, annual criminal homicide numbers had grown each year, reaching record highs from 2015 to 2018.
General Motors operated in Indianapolis from 1930–2011.
The U.S. Census Bureau's 2007-2011 American Community Survey indicated the median household income for Indianapolis city was $42,704, and the median family income was $53,161. 18.9% of the city's total population lived below the poverty line.
In 2012, John Green, a young adult fiction writer residing in Indianapolis, published his critically acclaimed novel, The Fault in Our Stars, which is set in the city.
In 2012, St. Elmo Steak House in Indianapolis was recognized with the America's Classics award by the James Beard Foundation.
In 2012, construction began on a $2 billion tunnel system designed to reduce sewage overflows into the city's waterways.
In 2012, the Indiana Fever, led by Lin Dunn and Tamika Catchings, won their first championship title.
In 2014, research published in the American Political Science Review indicated that Indianapolis's policy preferences are less conservative than the national mean when compared with other large U.S. cities.
In 2015, 10.5 percent of Indianapolis households lacked a car.
In 2015, Brookings characterized the Indianapolis metropolitan area as a minor-emerging immigrant gateway. The foreign-born population was 126,767, comprising 6.4% of the total population.
In 2015, Indianapolis Public Schools (IPS) began contracting with charter organizations to operate failing schools.
In 2015, Indianapolis surpassed 1998 as the year with the most murder investigations, with 144 criminal homicides.
In 2015, the Indianapolis Indiana Temple, located in Carmel, and the First Church of Cannabis were established. The First Church of Cannabis was established in response to Indiana’s Religious Freedom Restoration Act.
In 2015, the motion picture Walter was partially filmed in Indianapolis.
According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 83.7% of working residents commuted by driving alone, 8.4% carpooled, 1.5% used public transportation, and 1.8% walked.
Film Indy was established in 2016 to support local visual artists and filmmakers, recruit film and television-related marketing opportunities, and provide resources for producers interested in filming in the city.
In 2016, Carrier Corporation announced the closure of its Indianapolis plant, moving 1,400 manufacturing jobs to Mexico. Carrier later negotiated to save some jobs and maintains a local workforce of 800 in gas furnace production.
In 2016, Condé Nast Traveler named Indianapolis the "most underrated food city in the U.S.", and Milktooth was ranked as one of the best restaurants in the world.
In 2016, a bioblitz conducted along three of Indianapolis's riparian corridors identified 590 taxa of wildlife.
In 2016, area code 463 was added as an overlay code for the Indianapolis area, making ten-digit dialing mandatory.
In 2016, the Public Religion Research Institute identified the largest groupings of Protestantism by faith tradition in Indianapolis: 23% Evangelical Protestant, 20% Mainline Protestant, and 11% Black Protestant, respectively. The Catholic Church was the largest single denomination at 15%.
Indianapolis hosted the NCAA Division I women's basketball Final Four in 2016.
Since 2016, the administration of Joe Hogsett has focused on addressing a rise in gun violence and the city's racial disparities.
In 2017, the North Meridian Street Historic District was among the most affluent urban neighborhoods in the U.S., with a mean household income of $102,599.
In 2018, Indianapolis recorded 159 criminal homicides, making it the most violent year on record in the city.
In 2018, electric scooter-sharing systems, including Bird, Lime, and Veo, were launched in Indianapolis.
In 2018, the Indy Shorts International Film Festival was founded. It is one of 34 film festivals in the world used to qualify for the Academy Awards.
In 2019, Democrat Joe Hogsett was re-elected as mayor, defeating Republican Jim Merritt. The City-County Council elections resulted in expanded Democratic control.
In 2019, IndyGo had pre-COVID-19 pandemic ridership of 9.2 million.
In 2019, NUVO, an alternative weekly newspaper, became digital-only.
In 2019, the motion picture The MisEducation of Bindu was partially filmed in Indianapolis.
Until 2019, annual criminal homicide numbers had grown each year since 2011, reaching record highs from 2015 to 2018.
At the 2020 census, Indianapolis had a population of 887,642 and a population density of 2,455 people per square mile.
In 2020, IndyGo's fleet of 212 buses provided about 4.8 million passenger trips.
In 2020, according to the city's Office of Sustainability, Indianapolis had 129 community farms and gardens, reflecting a resurgence of urban agriculture.
In 2020, the George Floyd protests in Indiana prompted local police reforms and efforts to bolster social services.
In 2020, the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department (IMPD) had 1,700 sworn police personnel and 250 civilian employees.
In 2020, the Indianapolis metropolitan area's population was 2,111,040.
In 2020, the Indianapolis region was home to some 4,300 logistics establishments employing nearly 110,000 people.
In 2020, the Williams Institute estimated that the Indianapolis metropolitan area had a 4.6% LGBT adult population, totaling about 68,000 people.
In 2020, the motion picture Athlete A was partially filmed in Indianapolis.
In the 2020 United States presidential election, Marion County voters selected Joe Biden over Donald Trump by a margin of 63.3–34.3%.
In the 2020 census, Indianapolis was among the 20 largest cities in the U.S. by both population and land area, but ranked 222nd in population density.
Since 2020, Ganggang has been a prominent supporter of Black artists in the city. Their annual art fair "BUTTER" is a multi-day art exhibition.
Sometime between 2020 and 2023, Marion County became majority non-white.
In 2021, Ringling Brothers Parade Film was added to the National Film Registry.
In 2021, The AMP and The Garage food halls opened in Indianapolis, adding to the city's evolving food scene.
In 2021, a mass shooting at a FedEx facility in Indianapolis resulted in nine deaths and seven injuries.
In 2021, there were more than 3,000 recorded works of public art in Indianapolis, with more than one-third concentrated in the downtown area.
Indianapolis hosted the NCAA Division I men's basketball Final Four in 2021.
In 2022, the estimated population of Indianapolis was 880,621.
In 2022, the motion picture Our Father was partially filmed in Indianapolis.
Indianapolis hosted the College Football Playoff National Championship in 2022.
In 2023, Indianapolis anchored the 28th largest metropolitan economy in the U.S., with a gross domestic product of US$199.2 billion.
In 2023, The Children's Museum of Indianapolis was a popular attraction, drawing approximately 1.2 million visitors.
In 2023, a Point-In-Time Count identified 1,619 homeless individuals in Indianapolis, with about 78% sheltered and 22% unsheltered.
In 2023, the Indianapolis International Airport served 9.7 million passengers.
In 2023, the Indianapolis Zoo attracted 1.1 million guests, making it one of the city's most visited attractions.
Sometime between 2020 and 2023, Marion County became majority non-white.
In February 2024, the unemployment rate in the Indianapolis metropolitan area was 3.7%.
In 2024, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) was dissolved. It was jointly operated by Indiana University Indianapolis and Purdue University in Indianapolis.
In 2025, the Noblesville Boom of the NBA G League will begin playing at The Arena at Innovation Mile.
IU Health is consolidating and replacing Methodist and University hospitals with a new $4.3 billion academic medical center which is slated to open in 2027.
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