History of Monaco in Timeline
Monaco is a sovereign city-state and microstate located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. Bordered by France, it is known as one of the wealthiest and most expensive places globally. Its population is around 39,000, with a smaller number of Monégasque nationals. The official language is French, but Monégasque, English, and Italian are also widely understood.
17 hours ago : Monaco defeats Saint-Etienne 3-1, clinches second place in Ligue 1 standings.
Monaco secured a 3-1 victory against Saint-Etienne, propelling them to second place in Ligue 1. The win demonstrated Monaco's strong performance and strategic advantage, while PSG lost.
1910: Monégasque Revolution
In 1910, the Monégasque Revolution forced the adoption of the 1911 Constitution of Monaco, which limited the power of the ruling Prince.
1911: Constitution of 1911
According to the constitution of 1911, the principality was subdivided into three municipalities.
1911: Adoption of the Constitution of Monaco
In 1911, the Constitution of Monaco was adopted, slightly reducing the autocratic rule of the Grimaldi family.
1911: First Monte Carlo Rally
Since 1911 part of the Monte Carlo Rally has been held in the principality.
1917: Municipalities Merged
In 1917, the municipalities of Monaco were merged into one and accorded the status of Wards or Quartiers thereafter.
July 1918: New Franco-Monégasque Treaty Signed
In July 1918, a new Franco-Monégasque Treaty was signed, providing for limited French protection over Monaco and aligning Monégasque international policy with French interests.
1918: French Treaty supporting Monaco's independence
In 1918, the French Treaty supported Monaco's independence from France.
1919: Treaty of Versailles Endorses Franco-Monégasque Treaty
In 1919, the Treaty of Versailles endorsed the Franco-Monégasque Treaty, further solidifying French influence over Monaco's international policy.
1925: Dedication of St Paul's Church
In 1925, St Paul's Church, an Anglican church, was dedicated in Monte Carlo.
1928: AS Monaco Basket was founded
In 1928, multi-sport club AS Monaco owns AS Monaco Basket was founded.
1929: First Monaco Grand Prix
Since 1929, the Monaco Grand Prix has been held annually in the streets of Monaco, and is considered one of the most prestigious automobile races in the world.
1932: Olympic Games
Monaco has competed to varying degrees in every Olympic games except 1932, 1956, and 1980.
September 1943: German Wehrmacht Occupies Monaco
In September 1943, after Mussolini's fall, the German Wehrmacht occupied Italy and Monaco, leading to the Nazi deportation of the Jewish population.
August 1944: Execution of Resistance Leaders
In August 1944, the Germans executed Resistance leaders René Borghini, Joseph-Henri Lajoux, and Esther Poggio in Monaco.
1946: Grotte de l'Observatoire Opens to the Public
The Grotte de l'Observatoire, located in Jurassic limestone bedrock, has been open to the public since 1946.
1948: Association Culturelle Israélite de Monaco founded
In 1948, the Association Culturelle Israélite de Monaco was founded, housing a synagogue, a community Hebrew school, and a kosher food shop in Monte Carlo.
1949: Rainier III Succeeds to the Throne
In 1949, Rainier III became the Prince of Monaco upon the death of his grandfather, Prince Louis II.
1953: AS Monaco competes in Ligue 1
Since 1953, AS Monaco has competed at the top level for all but six seasons.
April 1956: Prince Rainier Marries Grace Kelly
On 19 April 1956, Prince Rainier married American actress Grace Kelly, bringing Monaco into the international spotlight.
1956: Olympic Games
Monaco has competed to varying degrees in every Olympic games except 1932, 1956, and 1980.
1958: Construction of the Reformed church building
The building for the Reformed church in Rue Louis Notari was constructed from 1958 to 1959.
1959: Monaco Participates in Eurovision Song Contest
In 1959, Monaco participated in the Eurovision Song Contest.
1959: Construction of the Reformed church building
The building for the Reformed church in Rue Louis Notari was constructed from 1958 to 1959.
1962: Constitutional Amendment
In 1962, an amendment to the constitution abolished capital punishment, allowed women's suffrage, and created a Supreme Court to protect liberties in Monaco.
1962: Taxation tensions between France and Monaco
In the early 1960s, particularly in 1962, there was some tension between France and Monaco over taxation.
1963: Crisis with France
In 1963, Charles de Gaulle blockaded Monaco due to its status as a tax haven for wealthy French citizens, causing a crisis.
1963: Special agreement with France regarding customs laws
In 1963, Monaco made a special agreement with France in which French customs laws apply in Monaco and its territorial waters.
1966: Division into Reserved Sectors and Wards
In 1966, a sovereign ordinance divided the principality into reserved sectors and wards for town planning purposes.
1967: Minouche Barelli represented Monaco in Eurovision
In 1967, French-born Minouche Barelli represented Monaco in Eurovision.
1973: Opening round of the World Rally Championship (WRC)
From 1973 to 2008, the Monte Carlo Rally was the opening round of the World Rally Championship (WRC).
1979: Monaco Participates in Eurovision Song Contest
In 1979, Monaco participated in the Eurovision Song Contest.
1980: Olympic Games
Monaco has competed to varying degrees in every Olympic games except 1932, 1956, and 1980.
1981: Archdiocese of Monaco
In 1981, the diocese was raised to a non-metropolitan archbishopric as the Archdiocese of Monaco.
1993: Monaco Joins the United Nations
In 1993, Monaco became a full voting member of the United Nations, marking a significant step in its international recognition.
1993: Headquarters of International Association of Athletics Federations located in Monaco
Since 1993, the headquarters of the International Association of Athletics Federations, the world governing body of athletics, has been located in Monaco.
1994: International School of Monaco founded
In 1994, the International School of Monaco was founded.
1994: OS Monaco played in Division 1 Féminine
In 1994, the women's team, OS Monaco, played in the Division 1 Féminine, but was quickly relegated.
1997: Jacques Villeneuve Formula One World Champion
1997 Formula One World Champion Jacques Villeneuve raced for the Maserati MSG Racing team previously.
1997: The Audiovisual Institute of Monaco was founded
In 1997, the Audiovisual Institute of Monaco was founded aimed to preserve audiovisual archives and show how the Principality of Monaco is represented in cinema.
1998: Council of Europe issues reports naming tax havens
Between 1998 and 2000, the Council of Europe issued reports naming tax havens and evaluated twenty-two territories, including Monaco.
1998: UEFA Super Cup
From 1998 to 2012, the Stade Louis II played host to the annual UEFA Super Cup.
1998: OECD report on tax havens issued
In 1998, the Centre for Tax Policy and Administration issued a report on tax havens; Monaco was not included in the list until 2004.
1999: Monaco-Monte Carlo train station opened
In 1999, the current Monaco-Monte Carlo train station, built partly underground, was opened.
2000: Report states Monaco had relaxed policies with respect to money laundering
Also in 2000, a report by French politicians stated that Monaco had relaxed policies with respect to money laundering and that the Government of Monaco had been placing political pressure on the judiciary.
2000: Nearly two-thirds of Monaco's residents were foreigners
As of 2000, nearly two-thirds of the residents of Monaco were foreigners.
2000: Council of Europe issues reports naming tax havens
Between 1998 and 2000, the Council of Europe issued reports naming tax havens and evaluated twenty-two territories, including Monaco.
2000: FATF states the anti-money laundering system in Monaco is comprehensive.
In 2000, the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) stated that Monaco's anti-money laundering system was comprehensive but also noted difficulties in international investigations and a lack of resources for SICCFIN.
2001: Monaco refused to perform the second round
Between 2001 and 2003, Monaco refused to perform the second round of evaluations by the Council of Europe, while the other 21 territories planned to implement the third round.
2001: Minting of euro coins started
In 2001, the minting of the new euro coins started in preparation for their introduction.
2001: End of the issue of decimal coins
Monaco's first decimal coins of the Monégasque franc, issued in 1837, continued until 2001.
2002: Minouche Barelli acquired Monegasque citizenship
In 2002, French-born Minouche Barelli acquired Monegasque citizenship, 35 years after representing the principality in 1967.
2002: Introduction of the euro
In 2002, Monaco adopted the euro as its currency through a customs union with France, replacing the Monegasque franc. Monaco also acquired the right to mint euro coins with Monegasque designs.
2002: New Treaty Between France and Monaco
In 2002, a new treaty between France and Monaco stipulated that Monaco would remain independent even without heirs to the Grimaldi dynasty.
2002: Constitutional Amendment
Until 2002, the Prime Minister was a French citizen appointed by the prince but after a constitutional amendment in 2002, the Prime Minister can be French or Monégasque.
2003: Monaco refused to perform the second round
Between 2001 and 2003, Monaco refused to perform the second round of evaluations by the Council of Europe, while the other 21 territories planned to implement the third round.
2003: Georges Marsan Becomes Mayor
Since 2003, Georges Marsan has served as the mayor of Monaco.
2004: UEFA Champions League Final
In 2004, AS Monaco reached the UEFA Champions League Final but lost 3–0 to FC Porto.
2004: Monaco Joins Council of Europe
In 2004, Monaco joined the Council of Europe, expanding its international affiliations.
2004: Monaco Participates in Eurovision Song Contest
In 2004, Monaco participated in the Eurovision Song Contest.
2004: OECD denounces Monaco's lack of co-operation
In 2004, the OECD denounced Monaco for its lack of co-operation regarding financial information disclosure and availability.
March 2005: Rainier III Relinquishes Duties to Albert
On 31 March 2005, Rainier III, due to illness, relinquished his duties to his son Albert.
July 2005: Prince Albert II Formally Assumes Crown
On 12 July 2005, Prince Albert II formally assumed the princely crown of Monaco, following the death of his father.
November 2005: Formal Reception for Prince Albert II
On 18 November 2005, an elaborate reception was held at the Prince's Palace in Monaco-Ville for heads of state to celebrate Prince Albert II's accession to the throne.
2005: Third and final round
Between 2005 and 2007, the 21 other territories had planned to implement the third and final round.
2005: Death of Prince Rainier III
In 2005, Prince Rainier III passed away after a 56-year reign, and was succeeded by his son Albert II.
2005: IMF identified Monaco as a tax haven
In 2005, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified Monaco as a tax haven, but the FATF report took a positive view of Monaco's measures against money-laundering.
2006: Monaco Participates in Eurovision Song Contest
In 2006, Monaco participated in the Eurovision Song Contest.
2006: Design change after Prince Rainier's death
In 2006, the design of the Monégasque coins was changed after Prince Rainier's death to feature the effigy of Prince Albert.
2007: Third and final round
Between 2005 and 2007, the 21 other territories had planned to implement the third and final round.
2007: Membership of St Paul's Church
In 2007, St Paul's Church had a formal membership of 135 Anglican residents but served a considerably larger number of Anglicans temporarily in the country.
2008: Opening round of the World Rally Championship (WRC)
From 1973 to 2008, the Monte Carlo Rally was the opening round of the World Rally Championship (WRC).
2008: Previous Expansion Considered and Called Off
In 2008, Monaco had considered a land expansion, but the plans were called off.
2008: Population of Monaco reached 35,000
In 2008, the population of Monaco reached 35,000.
2009: Opening round of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge
From 2009 until 2011, the Monte Carlo Rally served as the opening round of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge.
2009: Monaco secured a place on the "white list"
In 2009, Monaco secured a place on the "white list" after signing twelve information exchange treaties with other jurisdictions.
2009: Monaco stage of the Global Champions Tour
In 2009, the Monaco stage of the Global Champions tour took place between 25 and 27 June.
2009: Start of the Tour de France in Monaco
In 2009, the Tour de France started from Monaco with a 15 km closed-circuit individual time trial and the 182 km second leg starting there the following day.
2009: Plans Ended
Prince Albert II ended new land reclamation plans due to the economic climate during his 2009 New Year Speech.
2010: Restarted Programme
In mid-2010, Prince Albert II firmly restarted the land reclamation programme.
2011: Opening round of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge
From 2009 until 2011, the Monte Carlo Rally served as the opening round of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge.
2012: Religious Freedom Report
According to Monaco's 2012 International Religious Freedom Report, Roman Catholics are Monaco's largest religious group, followed by Protestant Christians.
2012: UEFA Super Cup
From 1998 to 2012, the Stade Louis II played host to the annual UEFA Super Cup.
2012: Most expensive real estate market
In 2012, Monaco had the world's most expensive real estate market, at $58,300 per square metre.
2012: Return to WRC calendar
In 2012, the Monte Carlo Rally returned to the WRC calendar and has been held annually since.
2013: Redistricting Process
In 2013, Most of Saint Michel became part of Monte Carlo again, and La Colle and Les Révoires were merged as part of a redistricting process.
2013: Population of Monaco reached 36,000
In 2013, the population of Monaco reached 36,000.
2013: Latest Division
The latest division dates from 2013 and created two reserved sectors and seven wards.
2013: Dissolution of Additional Wards
Three additional wards that were created were dissolved again in 2013.
July 2014: Inauguration of Solar1 Monte Carlo Cup
From 10 to 12 July 2014, Monaco inaugurated the Solar1 Monte Carlo Cup, a series of ocean races exclusively for solar-powered boats.
2014: Planned Ward
An additional ward was planned by new land reclamation to be settled beginning in 2014
2014: ROKiT Venturi Racing name
Maserati MSG Racing was formerly named ROKiT Venturi Racing from 2014 to 2022.
August 2015: Apology for Role in WWII Deportations
In August 2015, Albert II apologized for Monaco's role during World War II in facilitating the deportation of Jews and resistance fighters.
2015: Land Reclamation Expansion Approved
In 2015, Monaco approved a land reclamation expansion to provide housing and a small park area.
2015: Monaco's total population
In 2015, Monaco's total population was 38,400.
2015: New Development Announced
In 2015, a new development called Anse du Portier was announced.
2015: Immigrant population estimated at 60% in Monaco
In 2015, the immigrant population of Monaco was estimated at 60%.
2015: Formula E started racing biennially
Starting in 2015 Formula E started racing biennially with the Historic Grand Prix of Monaco on the Monaco ePrix and used a shorter configuration of the full Formula 1 circuit, keeping it around Port Hercules until 2021.
2016: World's most expensive apartment located in Monaco
In 2016, according to Forbes, the world's most expensive apartment was located in Monaco, a penthouse at the Odeon Tower valued at $335 million.
2017: Monaco Parish of the Charismatic Episcopal Church dates
The Monaco Parish of the Charismatic Episcopal Church (Parish of St Joseph) dates from 2017 and meets in the Reformed Church's Rue Louis Notari building.
February 2018: Snowfall in Monaco and Monte Carlo
On 27 February 2018, both Monaco and Monte Carlo experienced snowfall.
2018: High Real Estate Prices
In 2018, real estate prices in Monaco reached €100,000 ($116,374) per square metre.
April 2019: Monaco's national rugby team ranking
As of April 2019, Monaco's national rugby team is 101st in the World Rugby Rankings.
2019: Millionaires in Monaco
According to 2019 studies, 31% of Monaco's population is reported to be millionaires equalling up to 12,248 individuals
February 2020: First COVID-19 Case Announced
On 29 February 2020, Monaco announced its first confirmed case of COVID-19, involving a man admitted to the Princess Grace Hospital Centre.
September 2020: Launch of First Monégasque Satellite
On 3 September 2020, Monaco's first satellite, OSM-1 CICERO, was launched into space from French Guiana.
2020: Monaco real estate average price went down
In 2020, the average price of real estate in Monaco went down to $53,378 per square metre, but remains one of the most expensive places to buy property.
2021: Formula E configuration
Starting in 2015 Formula E started racing biennially with the Historic Grand Prix of Monaco on the Monaco ePrix and used a shorter configuration of the full Formula 1 circuit, keeping it around Port Hercules until 2021.
2022: ROKiT Venturi Racing name
Maserati MSG Racing was formerly named ROKiT Venturi Racing from 2014 to 2022.
July 2023: Estimated population
As of 1 July 2023, the United Nations estimated Monaco's population to be 36,297.
2023: Monegasque General Election
Following the 2023 Monegasque general election, all 24 seats in the National Council are held by the pro-monarchist Monegasque National Union.
2023: Residential Expansion Nearing Completion
In 2023, a small residential expansion formerly called Le Portier was nearing completion, and a new esplanade was added at Larvatto beach.
June 2024: Monaco added to FATF "grey list"
In June 2024, the FATF added Monaco to its "grey list", indicating a need for increased monitoring due to money laundering and terrorist financing issues.
June 2024: Increased Monitoring for Money Laundering
In June 2024, the Financial Action Task Force placed Monaco under increased monitoring to combat money laundering and terrorist financing due to its status as a global hub of money laundering.
September 2024: Appointment of Didier Guillaume as Prime Minister
On 2 September 2024, Prince Albert II appointed a French citizen, Didier Guillaume, as Prime Minister of Monaco.
December 2024: Opening of Le Portier District
In December 2024, the new 6-hectare district Le Portier, built by land reclaimed from the sea, was opened.
2024: Nationality of residents
As of 2024, Monégasques make up 24.1% of residents, followed by French, Italian, British, Swiss, Russian, Belgian, and German nationals.
2024: Visa-free travel from 86 countries
By 2024, Monaco allows Visa-free travel from 86 countries around the world.
2024: Monaco Population Density
In 2024, Monaco has a population of 38,423, making it the most densely populated sovereign state.
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