Nvidia is a prominent American technology company specializing in the design and manufacturing of graphics processing units (GPUs), systems on chips (SoCs), and application programming interfaces (APIs). Founded in 1993 by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem, Nvidia's products cater to diverse markets, including data science, high-performance computing, gaming, and the automotive industry. Its GPUs are crucial for advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Nvidia is headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and is considered a Big Tech company due to its significant influence and market capitalization.
The text mentions the computational power of H100 compared to H20 with H100 having 1979 TFLOPs.
In late 1992, Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem decided to start Nvidia at a meeting at a Denny's on Berryessa Road in East San Jose.
On December 31, 1992, Curtis Priem resigned from Sun Microsystems, putting pressure on Huang and Malachowsky to follow suit and start Nvidia.
On April 5, 1993, Nvidia was founded by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem.
In 1993, Nvidia Corporation was founded by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem in Santa Clara, California.
In early 1993, the three founders began working together on their new startup, Nvidia, in Curtis Priem's townhouse in Fremont, California.
In 1996, Nvidia laid off more than half of its employees and focused on developing a graphics accelerator for processing triangle primitives, the RIVA 128.
By the time the RIVA 128 was released in August 1997, Nvidia had only enough money left for one month's payroll, highlighting the company's precarious financial situation.
In 1998, the release of the RIVA TNT helped solidify Nvidia's reputation as a leader in graphics technology.
Nvidia went public on January 22, 1999.
In late 1999, Nvidia released the GeForce 256 (NV10), its first product expressly marketed as a GPU, which introduced onboard transformation and lighting to consumer-level 3D hardware.
In December 2000, Nvidia reached an agreement to acquire the intellectual assets of its one-time rival 3dfx, a pioneer in consumer 3D graphics technology.
After Irimajiri left Sega in 2000, Sega sold its Nvidia stock for $15 million.
In 2000, Nvidia's acquisition of 3dfx's intellectual assets was challenged by the trustee of 3dfx's bankruptcy estate.
In April 2002, the acquisition process of 3dfx was finalized.
In July 2002, Nvidia acquired Exluna, a company that made software-rendering tools.
In August 2003, Nvidia acquired MediaQ for approximately US$70 million.
On April 22, 2004, Nvidia acquired iReady, a provider of high-performance TCP offload engines and iSCSI controllers.
In December 2004, it was announced that Nvidia would assist Sony with the design of the graphics processor (RSX) for the PlayStation 3 game console.
On December 14, 2005, Nvidia acquired ULI Electronics, which supplied third-party southbridge parts for chipsets to ATI, Nvidia's competitor.
In March 2006, Nvidia acquired Hybrid Graphics.
In December 2006, Nvidia, along with AMD (which had acquired ATI), received subpoenas from the United States Department of Justice regarding possible antitrust violations in the graphics card industry.
On January 5, 2007, Nvidia announced that it had completed the acquisition of PortalPlayer, Inc.
In February 2008, Nvidia acquired Ageia, developer of PhysX, a physics engine and physics processing unit, and planned to integrate the PhysX technology into its future GPU products.
In July 2008, Nvidia took a write-down of approximately $200 million on its first-quarter revenue due to "abnormal failure rates" in certain mobile chipsets and GPUs.
In September 2008, Nvidia became the subject of a class action lawsuit claiming that faulty GPUs had been incorporated into certain laptop models by Apple Inc., Dell, and HP.
In 2009, Nvidia was involved in what was called the "big bang" of deep learning, with Google Brain using Nvidia GPUs to create deep neural networks capable of machine learning. Andrew Ng determined that GPUs could increase the speed of deep learning systems by about 100 times in 2009.
In September 2010, Nvidia reached a settlement to reimburse owners of affected laptops for repairs or replacement due to the faulty GPU issue.
On January 10, 2011, Nvidia signed a six-year, $1.5 billion cross-licensing agreement with Intel, ending all litigation between the two companies.
In May 2011, it was announced that Nvidia had agreed to acquire Icera, a baseband chip making company in the UK, for $367 million.
In November 2011, Nvidia released its ARM-based system on a chip for mobile devices, Tegra 3, which Nvidia claimed featured the first-ever quad-core mobile CPU.
In January 2013, Nvidia unveiled the Tegra 4, as well as the Nvidia Shield, an Android-based handheld game console powered by the new system on a chip.
In February 2013, Nvidia announced its plans to build a new headquarters in the form of two giant triangle-shaped buildings.
On July 29, 2013, Nvidia announced that they acquired PGI from STMicroelectronics.
On November 6, 2014, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court's judgment, determining that Nvidia did not pay less than fair market value for assets purchased from 3dfx shortly before 3dfx filed for bankruptcy.
In 2014, Nvidia ported the Valve games Portal and Half Life 2 to its Nvidia Shield Tablet as Lightspeed Studio, and diversified its business focusing on gaming, automotive electronics, and mobile devices.
In February 2015, a class-action lawsuit alleging false advertising was filed against Nvidia and Gigabyte Technology in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California regarding the GTX 970.
On February 26, 2015, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang apologized for the incident regarding miscommunication about the GTX 970 specifications.
In April 2016, Nvidia produced the DGX-1 based on an 8 GPU cluster, to improve the ability of users to use deep learning by combining GPUs with integrated deep learning software.
On May 6, 2016, Nvidia unveiled the first GPUs of the GeForce 10 series, the GTX 1080 and 1070, based on the company's new Pascal microarchitecture.
In July 2016, Nvidia agreed to a settlement for a false advertising lawsuit regarding its GTX 970 model due to limitations in its VRAM usage.
On July 27, 2016, Nvidia agreed to a preliminary settlement of the U.S. class action lawsuit, offering a $30 refund on GTX 970 purchases.
In August 2016, Nvidia gifted its first DGX-1 to OpenAI to help it train larger and more complex AI models with the capability of reducing processing time from six days to two hours.
In November 2016, Google installed Nvidia Tesla K80 and P100 GPU-based virtual machines through Google Cloud.
In May 2017, Nvidia announced a partnership with Toyota, using Nvidia's Drive PX-series artificial intelligence platform for its autonomous vehicles.
In May 2017, Nvidia's Inception Program had 1,300 companies.
In July 2017, Nvidia and Baidu announced an AI partnership, including cloud computing, autonomous driving, consumer devices, and Baidu's open-source AI framework PaddlePaddle; Baidu unveiled that Nvidia's Drive PX 2 AI would be the foundation of its autonomous-vehicle platform.
Nvidia released the Titan V on December 7, 2017.
As of late 2017, Laptops that include GeForce 10 series GPUs (GTX 1080 and 1070) and are sufficiently thin have been designated as meeting Nvidia's "Max-Q" design standard.
In 2017, Nvidia's deep learning technology led to a boost in its earnings.
An unspecified product was first announced in a blog post on March 1, 2018.
As of March 2018, there were 2,800 startups in the Inception Program.
Nvidia released the Nvidia Quadro GV100 on March 27, 2018.
On May 4, 2018, an unspecified product announcement was canceled.
In May 2018, a thread on the Nvidia user forum requested updates on the release of web drivers for Nvidia cards in legacy Mac Pro machines running macOS Mojave 10.14, needed for graphics acceleration and multiple display monitor capabilities.
Nvidia released the RTX 2080 GPUs on September 27, 2018.
In 2018, Google announced that Nvidia's Tesla P4 graphic cards would be integrated into Google Cloud service's artificial intelligence.
In 2018, Nvidia researchers demonstrated imitation-learning techniques for industrial robots, creating a system that can be used to control universal robots of the next generation.
In 2018, Nvidia's chips became popular for cryptomining, the process of obtaining crypto rewards in exchange for verifying transactions on distributed ledgers.
In January 2019, Apple Insider claimed that Apple management "doesn't want Nvidia support in macOS" due to relational issues and the development of Apple's own GPU technology, amidst the controversy over missing web drivers.
On March 11, 2019, Nvidia announced a deal to acquire Mellanox Technologies for $6.9 billion, aiming to expand its presence in the high-performance computing market.
In May 2019, Nvidia announced the new RTX Studio laptops, claiming they would be seven times faster than a top-end MacBook Pro in applications like Maya and RedCine-X Pro.
In August 2019, Nvidia announced Minecraft RTX, an official Nvidia-developed patch for the game Minecraft, adding real-time DXR ray tracing exclusively to the Windows 10 version of the game.
In 2019, Elon Musk announced at Tesla Autonomy Day that Tesla, Inc. developed its own SoC and full self-driving computer and would stop using Nvidia hardware for their vehicles.
On May 14, 2020, Nvidia officially announced their Ampere GPU microarchitecture and the Nvidia A100 GPU accelerator.
In May 2020, Nvidia announced the acquisition of Cumulus Networks, integrating the company into Nvidia's networking business unit alongside Mellanox.
In May 2020, Nvidia developed an open-source ventilator to address the shortage resulting from the global coronavirus pandemic.
In July 2020, Nvidia was reported to be in talks with SoftBank to buy Arm, a UK-based chip designer, for $32 billion.
On September 1, 2020, Nvidia officially announced the GeForce 30 series, which is based on the company's new Ampere microarchitecture.
On September 13, 2020, Nvidia announced its intent to buy Arm from SoftBank Group for $40 billion, pending regulatory review, with SoftBank retaining a 10% share of Nvidia.
In October 2020, Nvidia announced plans to build Cambridge-1, a powerful computer in Cambridge, England, with a $100 million investment, to support healthcare research using AI.
In October 2020, Nvidia announced the retirement of its workstation GPU brand Quadro, shifting the product name to Nvidia RTX for future products based on the Ampere architecture, along with the release of the Nvidia RTX A6000.
On December 10, 2020, Nvidia told YouTube tech reviewer Steven Walton of Hardware Unboxed that it would no longer supply him with GeForce Founders Edition graphics card review units because they are focusing on rasterization instead of ray tracing.
In 2020, Nvidia unveiled "Omniverse", a virtual environment designed for engineers, and also open-sourced Isaac Sim, which makes use of this Omniverse to train robots through simulations.
In January 2021, Nvidia's shares traded at over $531 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$328.7 billion.
In July 2021, the Cambridge-1 supercomputer launched with a $100 million investment, aiming to employ AI to support healthcare research in Cambridge, England.
As of August 2021, the program has over 8,500 members in 90 countries, with cumulative funding of US$60 billion.
In August 2021, the proposed takeover of Arm was stalled after the UK's Competition and Markets Authority raised "significant competition concerns".
In October 2021, the European Commission opened a competition investigation into Nvidia's proposed takeover of Arm, citing concerns about restricting competitors' access to Arm's products and potential misuse of internal information.
In early February 2022, SoftBank and Nvidia announced they "had agreed not to move forward with the transaction 'because of significant regulatory challenges'" regarding the acquisition of Arm.
On March 15, 2022, Nvidia was reportedly compromised by a cyberattack.
In March 2022, Nvidia's CEO, Jensen Huang, mentioned that they were open to having Intel manufacture their chips in the future, marking the first time the company considered working with Intel's upcoming foundry services.
In April 2022, it was reported that Nvidia planned to open a new research center in Yerevan, Armenia.
On May 12, 2022, Nvidia announced that they are open sourcing their GPU kernel modules.
In May 2022, Nvidia agreed to pay $5.5 million to settle civil charges by the SEC regarding misleading investors and analysts about the impact of cryptomining on Nvidia's business.
In May 2022, Nvidia opened Voyager, the second giant building at its new headquarters complex, featuring a more "sparing" use of the triangle theming compared to the older Endeavor building.
In September 2022, Nvidia announced a collaboration with the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard related to Nvidia's AI-powered healthcare software suite called Clara, which includes Parabricks and MONAI.
In September 2022, Nvidia announced its next-generation automotive-grade chip, Drive Thor.
Following United States Department of Commerce regulations that placed an embargo on exports to China of advanced microchips, which went into effect in October 2022, Nvidia's data center chip was added to the export control list.
In May 2023, Nvidia crossed $1 trillion in market valuation during trading hours, and grew to $1.2 trillion by the following November.
In September 2023, Getty Images announced a partnership with Nvidia to launch Generative AI by Getty Images, a tool that uses Getty's library of licensed photos and Nvidia's Edify model (available on Nvidia's Picasso generative AI model library) to create images.
On September 26, 2023, Denny's CEO Kelli Valade joined Huang in East San Jose to celebrate the founding of Nvidia at Denny's on Berryessa Road, where a plaque was installed to mark the relevant corner booth as the birthplace of a $1 trillion company. Nvidia's H100 GPUs were in high demand, leading to tech giants like Larry Ellison and Elon Musk begging for them.
In October 2023, it was reported that Nvidia had quietly begun designing ARM-based central processing units (CPUs) for Microsoft's Windows operating system with a target to start selling them in 2025.
In 2023, Nvidia became the seventh U.S. company to reach a US$1 trillion valuation.
In 2023, Nvidia's firmware was implemented in nouveau, which allows proper power management and GPU reclocking for Turing and newer graphics card generations.
In 2023, the H20 was developed specifically for the Chinese market to comply with U.S. export restrictions, featuring 96GB of HBM3 memory and 4.0 TB/s memory bandwidth—higher than the H100.
In January 2024, Forbes reported that Nvidia has increased its lobbying presence in Washington, D.C., as American lawmakers consider proposals to regulate artificial intelligence. The company hired at least four government affairs professionals.
In January 2024, Raymond James Financial analysts estimated that Nvidia was selling the H100 GPU in the price range of $25,000 to $30,000 each, while on eBay, individual H100s cost over $40,000, due to high demand from technology companies for generative AI projects.
In February 2024, it was reported that Nvidia was the "hot employer" in Silicon Valley, offering interesting work and good pay at a time when other tech employers were downsizing. Nvidia GPUs had become so valuable that they needed special security during transit to data centers.
On March 1, 2024, Nvidia became the third company in the history of the United States to close with a market capitalization in excess of $2 trillion.
In June 2024, Trend Micro announced a partnership with Nvidia to develop AI-driven security tools, to protect data centers processing AI workloads. The collaboration integrates Nvidia NIM and Nvidia Morpheus with Trend Vision One to improve data privacy and threat mitigation.
In June 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Justice Department (DOJ) began antitrust investigations into Nvidia, Microsoft, and OpenAI, focusing on their influence in the AI industry. The DOJ handled the Nvidia investigation.
In October 2024, Nvidia introduced a family of open-source multimodal large language models called NVLM 1.0, which features a flagship version with 72 billion parameters, designed to improve text-only performance after multimodal training.
Also in November 2024, the company bought 1.2 million shares of Nebius Group.
In November 2024, Morgan Stanley reported that "the entire 2025 production" of all of Nvidia's Blackwell chips was "already sold out".
In November 2024, the company was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
In 2024, Huang oriented Nvidia's focus towards humanoid robots and self-driving cars, which he expects to gain widespread adoption.
In 2024, Nvidia was ranked #3 on Forbes' "Best Places to Work" list.
As of January 7, 2025, Nvidia's $3.66 trillion market cap was worth more than double of the combined value of AMD, ARM, Broadcom, and Intel.
In January 2025, Nvidia experienced a historic one-day loss of $600 billion in market capitalization due to competition from DeepSeek, a Chinese AI startup whose AI assistant V3 model surpassed ChatGPT as the top-rated free app on Apple's App Store.
On April 7, 2025, Nvidia launched the Llama-3.1-Nemotron-Ultra-253B-v1 reasoning large language model under the Nvidia Open Model License, available in Nano, Super, and Ultra sizes.
In May 2025, U.S. senators Jim Banks and Elizabeth Warren criticized a proposed Nvidia facility in Shanghai, saying that it "raises significant national security and economic security issues that warrant serious review."
On May 28, 2025, Nvidia's second-quarter revenue forecast fell short of market estimates due to U.S. export restrictions impacting AI chip sales to China, yet the company's stock rose 5% as investors remained optimistic about long-term AI demand.
On July 10, 2025, Nvidia's market capitalization closed above $4 trillion for the first time, briefly touching that number the previous day, making it worth more than all publicly traded companies in the United Kingdom combined.
In July 2025, Nvidia acquired CentL, a Canadian-based AI firm, expanding its AI capabilities.
In July 2025, a public dispute emerged between Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang and Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei over AI regulation and industry practices, escalating when Amodei denied Huang's allegations and advocated for stronger regulatory oversight.
In July 2025, prior to the production halt, Nvidia had placed substantial orders for the H20, including 300,000 units from TSMC, driven by strong demand from Chinese technology companies.
On July 21, 2025, Nvidia announced that it would extend CUDA support to RISC-V.
On July 29, 2025, Nvidia ordered 300,000 H20 AI chips from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) in response to strong demand from Chinese tech firms like Tencent and Alibaba.
In August 2025, Nvidia and Advanced Micro Devices agreed to pay 15% of revenues from certain chip sales in China as part of an arrangement to obtain export licenses, with Nvidia paying only for sales of the H20 chips.
In August 2025, Nvidia ordered suppliers to halt production of its H20 AI chip following Chinese government directives warning domestic companies against purchasing the processor due to security concerns.
On September 17, 2025, Nvidia's chief executive Jensen Huang expressed disappointment after the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) ordered companies, including TikTok parent company ByteDance and Alibaba, not to purchase the RTX Pro 6000D, a graphics chip designed specifically for the Chinese market, to boost the domestic industry.
On September 18, 2025, Nvidia announced a $5 billion investment in Intel, giving Nvidia a 4% holding in the company once new shares are issued. This move supports Intel's turnaround efforts and enables Nvidia to offer its GB300 data center servers based on Blackwell GPUs on Intel's X86 architecture.
On September 22, 2025, Nvidia and OpenAI announced a memorandum of understanding for a partnership where Nvidia would invest $100 billion into OpenAI, and OpenAI would use Nvidia chips and systems in new data centers, but negotiations had not progressed beyond early stages as of January 2026.
In October 2025, a coalition including Nvidia, the Electric Power Research Institute, and PJM Interconnection announced the first commercial application of software developed by Emerald AI, adjusting energy draw on a power grid in real-time at a new data center in Virginia called "Aurora."
In October 2025, a server farm dedicated to autonomous AI was announced as a collaboration between SDS Schönfeld and VAST Data, featuring "tens of petabytes of data infrastructure powered by VAST, along with thousands of Nvidia Blackwell GPUs and Nvidia network processors," secured with approximately $30 billion.
On October 29, 2025, Nvidia reached a market capitalization of $5 trillion, becoming the first company to achieve this milestone.
On November 11, 2025, Nvidia's stock prices fell by 2% as the SoftBank Group sold its entire Nvidia portfolio worth $5.8 billion, redirecting the capital towards OpenAI instead.
On December 1, 2025, Nvidia released Alpamayo-R1, an open-source, vision-language-action AI model for self-driving vehicles to promote understanding and standardization in the industry.
On December 15, 2025, Nvidia announced the Nemotron 3 family of AI models consisting of Nano (30B parameters), Super (100B parameters), and Ultra (500B parameters), built on a hybrid mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture.
In December 2025, CNBC reported that Nvidia agreed to buy assets from Groq for $20 billion in cash, including a non-exclusive licensing agreement for Groq's inference technology and several senior leaders joining Nvidia, a deal that drew criticism for potentially avoiding regulatory scrutiny.
In December 2025, Nvidia acquired SchedMD, the company behind the open-source workload manager Slurm, to expand its AI and high-performance computing software capabilities, promising to keep Slurm open-source and vendor-neutral.
On December 18, 2025, Nvidia announced plans to build a new research and development campus in Kiryat Tivon, Israel, expected to employ over 10,000 people and become one of the company’s largest sites outside the United States.
As of 2025, Nvidia controlled more than 80% of the market for GPUs used in training and deploying AI models and provided chips for over 75% of the world's TOP500 supercomputers.
As of the first quarter of 2025, Nvidia held a 92% share of the discrete desktop and laptop GPU market.
At GTC 2025, Nvidia unveiled its next-generation AI hardware, the Blackwell Ultra and Vera Rubin chips, alongside Isaac GR00T N1 (humanoid robotics model), Cosmos (synthetic training data AI), and the Newton physics engine developed with DeepMind and Disney Research.
Driven by soaring global demand for AI data center hardware, in 2025, Nvidia became the first company in the world to surpass US$4 trillion and US$5 trillion in market capitalization.
In 2025, Nvidia announced Isaac GR00T N1, an open-source foundation model "designed to expedite the development and capabilities of humanoid robots".
In late 2025, Nvidia entered advanced negotiations to acquire AI21 Labs, an Israeli developer of large language models, for $2 billion to $3 billion, described as an "acquihire" to integrate AI21’s 200 specialists into Nvidia's global AI operations.
As of January 2026, negotiations between Nvidia and OpenAI regarding their previously announced partnership had not progressed beyond early stages, and both companies were rethinking the structure of the deal.
In January 2026, Nvidia launched Earth-2, a new open-sourced weather forecasting service that can be incorporated to improve the AI function across models used by scientists, businesses and local governments.
In January 2026, a court filing revealed that Nvidia developers contacted shadow library Anna's Archive to evaluate the use of pirated content for model training, which management gave green light for despite legality concerns from the site.
At CES 2026, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang unveiled Nvidia’s Vera Rubin AI platform and the Alpamayo open-source model. Hesai was also picked as Nvidia's laser technology partner, supplying Lidar sensors to the company.
In 2026, the United States announced that it would permit the export of newer H200 chips to China under specified conditions.
Nvidia released the RTX 2080 GPUs in 2018.
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