Nvidia is a multinational technology company specializing in GPUs, APIs for data science and high-performance computing, and SoCs. Founded in 1993 by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem, Nvidia is headquartered in Santa Clara, California. It is a prominent supplier of AI hardware and software, catering to markets like mobile computing and automotive. Nvidia designs its hardware but outsources manufacturing.
In late 1992, Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem decided to start Nvidia in a meeting at a Denny's roadside diner on Berryessa Road in East San Jose.
On December 31, 1992, Curtis Priem resigned from Sun Microsystems, which put pressure on Huang and Malachowsky to also resign from their respective companies.
On April 5, 1993, Nvidia was founded by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem. Huang is still the CEO as of 2025.
In 1993, Nvidia Corporation was founded by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem. The company focuses on designing and supplying GPUs, APIs, and SoCs.
In early 1993, the three founders of Nvidia began working together on their new startup in Priem's townhouse in Fremont, California.
In 1996, Nvidia laid off more than half of its employees, reducing headcount from 100 to 40, and focused on developing the RIVA 128 graphics accelerator.
By the time the RIVA 128 was released in August 1997, Nvidia had only enough money left for one month's payroll, leading to the unofficial company motto: 'Our company is thirty days from going out of business.'
In 1998, the release of the RIVA TNT helped solidify Nvidia's reputation as a leader in graphics technology.
On January 22, 1999, Nvidia went public.
In late 1999, Nvidia released the GeForce 256 (NV10), its first product expressly marketed as a GPU, which was most notable for introducing onboard transformation and lighting (T&L) to consumer-level 3D hardware.
In December 2000, Nvidia reached an agreement to acquire the intellectual assets of its one-time rival 3dfx, a pioneer in consumer 3D graphics technology.
After Irimajiri left Sega in 2000, Sega sold its Nvidia stock for $15 million.
Nvidia purchased assets from 3dfx in 2000.
In April 2002, Nvidia finalized the acquisition of the intellectual assets of 3dfx.
In July 2002, Nvidia acquired Exluna, a company that made software-rendering tools. The personnel were merged into the Cg project.
In August 2003, Nvidia acquired MediaQ for approximately US$70 million.
On April 22, 2004, Nvidia acquired iReady, a provider of high-performance TCP offload engines and iSCSI controllers.
In December 2004, it was announced that Nvidia would assist Sony with the design of the graphics processor (RSX) for the PlayStation 3 game console.
On December 14, 2005, Nvidia acquired ULI Electronics, which supplied third-party southbridge parts for chipsets to ATI, Nvidia's competitor.
In March 2006, Nvidia acquired Hybrid Graphics.
In December 2006, Nvidia, along with AMD, received subpoenas from the U.S. Department of Justice regarding possible antitrust violations in the graphics card industry.
On January 5, 2007, Nvidia announced that it had completed the acquisition of PortalPlayer, Inc.
In February 2008, Nvidia acquired Ageia, developer of PhysX, a physics engine and physics processing unit. Nvidia planned to integrate the PhysX technology into its future GPU products.
In July 2008, Nvidia took a write-down of approximately $200 million on its first-quarter revenue due to "abnormal failure rates" in certain mobile chipsets and GPUs.
In September 2008, Nvidia became the subject of a class action lawsuit over defects, claiming that faulty GPUs had been incorporated into certain laptop models manufactured by Apple Inc., Dell, and HP.
In 2009, Nvidia was involved in the "big bang" of deep learning, as deep-learning neural networks were combined with Nvidia graphics processing units (GPUs). That year, the Google Brain team used Nvidia GPUs to create deep neural networks capable of machine learning, where Andrew Ng determined that GPUs could increase the speed of deep learning systems by about 100 times.
In 2009, Nvidia's GPU Technology Conference (GTC) originated in San Jose, California, with an initial focus on the potential for solving computing challenges through GPUs.
In September 2010, Nvidia reached a settlement in the class action lawsuit, offering reimbursements to owners of affected laptops for repairs or replacements.
On January 10, 2011, Nvidia signed a six-year, $1.5 billion cross-licensing agreement with Intel, ending all litigation between the two companies.
In May 2011, it was announced that Nvidia had agreed to acquire Icera, a baseband chip making company in the UK, for $367 million.
In November 2011, Nvidia released its ARM-based system on a chip for mobile devices, Tegra 3, claiming it featured the first-ever quad-core mobile CPU.
In a 2012 talk, Linus Torvalds criticized Nvidia's approach towards Linux, stating "Nvidia, fuck you."
In January 2013, Nvidia unveiled the Tegra 4, as well as the Nvidia Shield, an Android-based handheld game console powered by the new system on a chip.
In February 2013, Nvidia announced plans to build a new headquarters in the form of two giant triangle-shaped buildings, selecting triangles as its design theme.
On July 29, 2013, Nvidia announced that they acquired PGI from STMicroelectronics.
Until September 23, 2013, Nvidia had not published any documentation for its advanced hardware, meaning that programmers could not write free and open-source device drivers for its products without resorting to reverse engineering.
On November 6, 2014, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court's judgment that Nvidia did not pay less than fair market value for assets purchased from 3dfx in 2000.
In 2014, with Maxwell GPUs, Nvidia started to require firmware to unlock all features of its graphics cards.
Since 2014, Nvidia has diversified its business, focusing on three markets: gaming, automotive electronics, and mobile devices. Nvidia ported the Valve games Portal and Half Life 2 to its Nvidia Shield Tablet as Lightspeed Studio.
In February 2015 a class-action lawsuit alleging false advertising was filed against Nvidia and Gigabyte Technology in the U.S. District Court for Northern California regarding the GTX 970.
On February 26, 2015, Nvidia CEO Jen-Hsun Huang apologized for the GTX 970 miscommunication in Nvidia's official blog.
In April 2016, Nvidia produced the DGX-1 based on an 8 GPU cluster, to improve the ability of users to use deep learning by combining GPUs with integrated deep learning software.
In July 2016, Nvidia agreed to a settlement for a false advertising lawsuit regarding its GTX 970 model, as the models were unable to use all of their advertised 4 GB of VRAM.
On July 27, 2016, Nvidia agreed to a preliminary settlement of the U.S. class action lawsuit, offering a $30 refund on GTX 970 purchases.
In August 2016, Nvidia gifted its first DGX-1 to OpenAI to help it train larger and more complex AI models with the capability of reducing processing time from six days to two hours.
In November 2016, Google installed Nvidia Tesla K80 and P100 GPU-based virtual machines in Google Cloud. Microsoft added GPU servers in a preview offering of its N series based on Nvidia's Tesla K80s. Nvidia also partnered with IBM to create IBM PowerAI.
In May 2017, Nvidia announced a partnership with Toyota which would use Nvidia's Drive PX-series artificial intelligence platform for its autonomous vehicles.
In May 2017, Nvidia's Inception Program had 1,300 companies.
In July 2017, Nvidia and Baidu announced a far-reaching AI partnership that includes cloud computing, autonomous driving, consumer devices, and Baidu's open-source AI framework PaddlePaddle. Baidu unveiled that Nvidia's Drive PX 2 AI will be the foundation of its autonomous-vehicle platform.
Nvidia officially released the Titan V on December 7, 2017.
As of late 2017, laptops that include GeForce 10 series GPUs and are sufficiently thin (under 0.8 inches) have been designated as meeting Nvidia's "Max-Q" design standard.
In 2017, Nvidia GPUs were brought online at the Riken Center for Advanced Intelligence Project for Fujitsu. The company's deep learning technology led to a boost in its 2017 earnings.
A product was first announced in a blog post on March 1, 2018.
As of March 2018, there were 2,800 startups in the Inception Program.
Nvidia officially released the Nvidia Quadro GV100 on March 27, 2018.
A product was canceled on May 4, 2018.
In May 2018, Nvidia users requested updated web drivers for cards installed on legacy Mac Pro machines running macOS Mojave 10.14 to enable graphics acceleration.
In May 2018, researchers at the artificial intelligence department of Nvidia realized the possibility that a robot can learn to perform a job simply by observing the person doing the same job, by creating a system that can be used to control universal robots of the next generation.
Nvidia officially released the RTX 2080 GPUs on September 27, 2018.
GTC 2018 attracted over 8400 attendees.
In 2018, Nvidia's chips became popular for cryptomining, the process of obtaining crypto rewards in exchange for verifying transactions on distributed ledgers, according to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
In January 2019, Apple Insider claimed that Apple management "doesn't want Nvidia support in macOS" due to relational issues and Apple's development of its own GPU technology, following the lack of enabling web drivers.
On March 11, 2019, Nvidia announced a deal to buy Mellanox Technologies for $6.9 billion to expand its presence in the high-performance computing market.
In May 2019, Nvidia announced new RTX Studio laptops, claiming they are seven times faster than a top-end MacBook Pro in apps like Maya and RedCine-X Pro.
In August 2019, Nvidia announced Minecraft RTX, an official patch for Minecraft adding real-time DXR ray tracing exclusively to the Windows 10 version.
In 2019, Musk announced at Tesla Autonomy Day that Tesla, Inc. developed its own SoC and full self-driving computer and would stop using Nvidia hardware for their vehicles.
In Q2 of 2020, Nvidia reported sales of $3.87 billion, a 50% rise from the same period in 2019. The surge in sales was attributed to higher demand for computer technology, with the pandemic likely influencing enterprise workforce trends towards remote work.
On May 14, 2020, Nvidia officially announced their Ampere GPU microarchitecture and the Nvidia A100 GPU accelerator.
In May 2020, Nvidia announced its acquisition of Cumulus Networks, which was then integrated into Nvidia's networking business unit alongside Mellanox.
In May 2020, Nvidia developed an open-source ventilator to address the shortage resulting from the global coronavirus pandemic.
In July 2020, it was reported that Nvidia was in talks with SoftBank to buy Arm, a UK-based chip designer, for $32 billion.
On September 1, 2020, Nvidia officially announced the GeForce 30 series based on the company's new Ampere microarchitecture.
On September 13, 2020, Nvidia announced they would buy Arm from SoftBank Group for $40 billion, subject to scrutiny, with SoftBank retaining a 10% share of Nvidia.
In September 2020, Nvidia's attempt to acquire Arm from SoftBank faced regulatory scrutiny.
In October 2020, Nvidia announced it is retiring its workstation GPU brand Quadro, shifting its product name to Nvidia RTX for future products based on the Nvidia Ampere architecture, along with the release of the Nvidia RTX A6000.
In October 2020, Nvidia announced its plan to build the Cambridge-1, the most powerful computer in Cambridge, England, with a $100 million investment to support healthcare research.
On December 10, 2020, Nvidia told YouTube tech reviewer Steven Walton of Hardware Unboxed that it would no longer supply him with GeForce Founders Edition graphics card review units, citing a focus on rasterization instead of ray tracing in their reviews.
For the fiscal year 2020, Nvidia reported earnings of US$2.796 billion, with an annual revenue of US$10.918 billion, a decline of 6.8% over the previous fiscal cycle.
GTC 2020 was converted to a digital event and drew roughly 59,000 registrants.
In 2020, Nvidia unveiled "Omniverse", a virtual environment designed for engineers. Nvidia also open-sourced Isaac Sim, which makes use of this Omniverse to train robots through simulations that mimic the physics of the robots and the real world.
In Q2 of 2020, Nvidia reported sales of $3.87 billion, a 50% rise from the same period in 2019. The surge in sales was attributed to higher demand for computer technology, with the pandemic likely influencing enterprise workforce trends towards remote work.
In January 2021, Nvidia's shares traded at over $531 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$328.7 billion.
As of August 2021, the program has surpassed 8,500 members in 90 countries, with cumulative funding of US$60 billion.
In August 2021, the proposed takeover of Arm was stalled after the UK's Competition and Markets Authority raised "significant competition concerns".
In October 2021, the European Commission opened a competition investigation into the takeover of Arm, citing concerns that Nvidia's acquisition could restrict competitors' access to Arm's products.
In February 2022, Nvidia's deal to acquire Arm was terminated after extended regulatory scrutiny.
In early February 2022, SoftBank and Nvidia announced they "had agreed not to move forward with the transaction 'because of significant regulatory challenges'" regarding the acquisition of Arm.
In March 2022, Nvidia's CEO Jensen Huang mentioned that they were open to having Intel manufacture their chips in the future, marking the first time Nvidia mentioned working with Intel's foundry services.
In April 2022, it was reported that Nvidia planned to open a new research center in Yerevan, Armenia.
On May 12, 2022, Nvidia announced that they are opensourcing their GPU kernel modules.
In May 2022, Nvidia agreed to pay $5.5 million to settle civil charges with the SEC, which stated that Nvidia failed to disclose that cryptomining was a "significant element" of its revenue growth from sales of chips designed for gaming in 2018.
In May 2022, Nvidia opened Voyager, the second of the two giant buildings at its new headquarters complex.
In September 2022, Nvidia announced a collaboration with the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard related to the entire suite of Nvidia's AI-powered healthcare software suite called Clara, that includes Parabricks and MONAI.
In September 2022, Nvidia announced its next-generation automotive-grade chip, Drive Thor.
In October 2022, following U.S. Department of Commerce regulations, Nvidia's data center chip was added to the export control list, restricting exports to China.
In May 2023, Nvidia crossed $1 trillion in market valuation during trading hours, and grew to $1.2 trillion by the following November, becoming one of Bloomberg's "Magnificent Seven".
In September 2023, Getty Images announced a partnership with Nvidia to launch Generative AI by Getty Images, a new tool that lets people create images using Getty's library of licensed photos, utilizing Nvidia's Edify model.
On September 26, 2023, Denny's CEO Kelli Valade joined Huang to celebrate the founding of Nvidia at Denny's on Berryessa Road with a plaque marking the corner booth as the birthplace of Nvidia.
In October 2023, it was reported that Nvidia had quietly begun designing ARM-based central processing units (CPUs) for Microsoft's Windows operating system, with a target to start selling them in 2025.
In 2023, Nvidia became the seventh public U.S. company to be valued at over $1 trillion amid growing demand for data center chips with AI capabilities.
In 2023, support for Nvidia's firmware was implemented in nouveau, which allows proper power management and GPU reclocking for Turing and newer graphics card generations.
In the second quarter of 2023, Nvidia held a market share of 80.2% in global sales of discrete desktop GPUs. Nvidia has expanded into the gaming industry with products like the Shield Portable, Shield Tablet, Shield TV, and GeForce Now.
In January 2024, Forbes reported that Nvidia has increased its lobbying presence in Washington, D.C. as American lawmakers consider proposals to regulate artificial intelligence.
In January 2024, Raymond James Financial analysts estimated that Nvidia was selling the H100 GPU in the price range of $25,000 to $30,000 each.
In February 2024, it was reported that Nvidia was the "hot employer" in Silicon Valley, offering interesting work and good pay during a period of tech industry downsizing, where half of Nvidia employees earned over $228,000 in 2023.
On March 1, 2024, Nvidia became the third company in US history to close with a market capitalization exceeding $2 trillion.
After several years of remote-only events, the GPU Technology Conference (GTC) returned to an in-person format in San Jose, California in March 2024.
In March 2024 Nvidia's key management was listed.
In June 2024, Nvidia briefly surpassed Microsoft as the world's most valuable publicly traded company, reaching a market capitalization of over $3.3 trillion.
In June 2024, Trend Micro announced a partnership with Nvidia to develop AI-driven security tools, integrating Nvidia NIM and Nvidia Morpheus with Trend Vision One to improve data privacy and threat mitigation.
In June 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Justice Department (DOJ) began antitrust investigations into Nvidia, Microsoft, and OpenAI, focusing on their influence in the AI industry, with the DOJ handling the Nvidia probe.
In October 2024, Nvidia introduced a family of open-source multimodal large language models called NVLM 1.0, designed to improve text-only performance after multimodal training.
In November 2024, Morgan Stanley reported that "the entire 2025 production" of all of Nvidia's Blackwell chips was "already sold out".
In November 2024, Nvidia bought 1.2 million shares of Nebius Group.
In November 2024, Nvidia was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
As of November 2024, Nvidia's board consisted of the listed directors.
As of late Q3 2024, Nvidia's market cap is around US$2.98 trillion.
In 2024, Huang oriented Nvidia's focus towards humanoid robots and self-driving cars, which he expects to gain widespread adoption.
In 2024, Nvidia was ranked #3 on Forbes' "Best Places to Work" list.
In early 2024, the 10 largest shareholders of Nvidia were listed.
In January 2025, Nvidia experienced the largest one-day loss in market capitalization for a U.S. company in history at $600 billion, due to DeepSeek's advanced AI model and AI assistant surpassing ChatGPT.
In April 2025, Nvidia released the Llama-3.1-Nemotron-Ultra-253B-v1 reasoning large language model under the Nvidia Open Model License. It is available in three sizes: Nano, Super, and Ultra.
In May 2025, Nvidia's second-quarter revenue forecast fell short of market estimates due to U.S. export restrictions impacting AI chip sales to China. Despite this, the company's stock rose 5% as investors remained optimistic about long-term AI demand.
In May 2025, U.S. senators Jim Banks and Elizabeth Warren criticized a proposed Nvidia facility in Shanghai, citing "significant national security and economic security issues".
In June 2025, Nvidia was reported to be partnering with a U.S. chipmaker for a new AI testing environment. The ability to build AI supercomputers in the UK is expected to attract more startups.
As of 2025, Jensen Huang remains CEO of Nvidia.
In 2025, Nvidia announced Isaac GR00T N1, an open-source foundation model "designed to expedite the development and capabilities of humanoid robots". Neura Robotics, 1X Technologies and Vention are among the first companies to use the model.
Nvidia officially released the RTX 2080 GPUs in 2080.
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