Nvidia Corporation, founded in 1993 by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem, is an American multinational technology company specializing in GPUs, APIs for data science and high-performance computing, and SoCs for mobile and automotive applications. Headquartered in Santa Clara, California, Nvidia is a prominent supplier of AI hardware and software. The company designs its hardware but outsources manufacturing.
In late 1992, Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem agreed to start Nvidia in a meeting at a Denny's roadside diner in East San Jose.
On December 31, 1992, Curtis Priem resigned from Sun Microsystems. This put pressure on Huang and Malachowsky to resign from their respective companies to start Nvidia.
On April 5, 1993, Nvidia was founded by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem. The founders had backgrounds at companies such as LSI Logic, AMD, IBM, and Sun Microsystems.
In 1993, Nvidia was founded by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem. The company was created to design and supply GPUs, APIs, and SoCs.
In early 1993, the three founders of Nvidia, Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem, began working together on their new startup in Priem's townhouse in Fremont, California.
In 1996, Jensen Huang laid off more than half of Nvidia's employees, reducing the headcount from 100 to 40. The company focused its resources on developing the RIVA 128.
In August 1997, Nvidia released the RIVA 128 graphics accelerator product. At the time, the company had only enough money left for one month's payroll.
In 1998, the release of the RIVA TNT helped solidify Nvidia's reputation as a leader in graphics technology.
On January 22, 1999, Nvidia went public.
In late 1999, Nvidia released the GeForce 256 (NV10), its first product marketed as a GPU. It introduced onboard transformation and lighting (T&L) to consumer-level 3D hardware and outperformed existing products.
In December 2000, Nvidia reached an agreement to acquire the intellectual assets of its rival 3dfx, a pioneer in consumer 3D graphics technology.
After Irimajiri left Sega in 2000, Sega sold its Nvidia stock for $15 million.
In 2000, Nvidia acquired 3dfx's intellectual assets.
In April 2002, the acquisition of 3dfx's intellectual assets by Nvidia was finalized.
In July 2002, Nvidia acquired Exluna, a company that made software-rendering tools. Exluna's personnel were merged into the Cg project.
In August 2003, Nvidia acquired MediaQ for approximately US$70 million.
On April 22, 2004, Nvidia acquired iReady, a provider of high-performance TCP offload engines and iSCSI controllers.
In December 2004, it was announced that Nvidia would assist Sony with the design of the graphics processor (RSX) for the PlayStation 3 game console.
On December 14, 2005, Nvidia acquired ULI Electronics, which supplied third-party southbridge parts for chipsets to ATI, Nvidia's competitor.
In March 2006, Nvidia acquired Hybrid Graphics.
In December 2006, Nvidia and AMD (which had acquired ATI) received subpoenas from the U.S. Department of Justice regarding possible antitrust violations in the graphics card industry.
On January 5, 2007, Nvidia announced that it had completed the acquisition of PortalPlayer, Inc.
In February 2008, Nvidia acquired Ageia, developer of PhysX, a physics engine and physics processing unit, with plans to integrate the PhysX technology into its future GPU products.
In July 2008, Nvidia took a write-down of approximately $200 million on its first-quarter revenue after reporting that certain mobile chipsets and GPUs had "abnormal failure rates" due to manufacturing defects.
In September 2008, Nvidia became the subject of a class action lawsuit over defects in certain mobile chipsets and GPUs that had been incorporated into laptop models manufactured by Apple Inc., Dell, and HP.
In 2009, Nvidia was involved in what was called the "big bang" of deep learning, where deep-learning neural networks were combined with Nvidia GPUs, leading to significant speed increases in machine learning systems.
In 2009, Nvidia's GPU Technology Conference (GTC) originated in San Jose, California, initially focusing on solving computing challenges through GPUs.
In September 2010, Nvidia reached a settlement in the class action lawsuit, agreeing to reimburse owners of the affected laptops for repairs or, in some cases, replacement.
On January 10, 2011, Nvidia signed a six-year, $1.5 billion cross-licensing agreement with Intel, ending all litigation between the two companies.
In May 2011, it was announced that Nvidia had agreed to acquire Icera, a baseband chip making company in the UK, for $367 million.
In November 2011, Nvidia released its ARM-based system on a chip for mobile devices, Tegra 3. Nvidia claimed that the chip featured the first-ever quad-core mobile CPU.
In a 2012 talk, Linus Torvalds criticized Nvidia's approach towards Linux, expressing dissatisfaction with the proprietary nature of Nvidia's drivers.
In January 2013, Nvidia unveiled the Tegra 4, as well as the Nvidia Shield, an Android-based handheld game console powered by the new system on a chip.
In February 2013, Nvidia announced its plans to build a new headquarters in the form of two giant triangle-shaped buildings.
On July 29, 2013, Nvidia announced that they acquired PGI from STMicroelectronics.
Until September 23, 2013, Nvidia had not published any documentation for its advanced hardware, hindering the development of free and open-source device drivers without reverse engineering.
On November 6, 2014, Nvidia prevailed in litigation brought by the trustee of 3dfx's bankruptcy estate, challenging its 2000 acquisition of 3dfx's intellectual assets.
In 2014, with Maxwell GPUs, Nvidia started requiring firmware to unlock all features of its graphics cards.
Since 2014, Nvidia has diversified its business focusing on three markets: gaming, automotive electronics, and mobile devices. In 2014, Nvidia ported the Valve games Portal and Half Life 2 to its Nvidia Shield tablet as Lightspeed Studio.
In February 2015, a class-action lawsuit alleging false advertising was filed against Nvidia and Gigabyte Technology regarding the GTX 970 in the U.S. District Court for Northern California.
On February 26, 2015, Nvidia CEO Jen-Hsun Huang apologized for the GTX 970 incident in Nvidia's official blog.
In April 2016, Nvidia produced the DGX-1 based on an 8 GPU cluster, to improve the ability of users to use deep learning by combining GPUs with integrated deep learning software.
In July 2016, Nvidia agreed to a settlement for a false advertising lawsuit regarding its GTX 970 model.
On July 27, 2016, Nvidia agreed to a preliminary settlement of the U.S. class action lawsuit related to the GTX 970, offering a $30 refund on purchases.
In August 2016, Nvidia gifted its first DGX-1 to OpenAI to help it train larger and more complex AI models, reducing processing time from six days to two hours.
In November 2016, Google installed Nvidia Tesla K80 and P100 GPU-based virtual machines, which are available through Google Cloud. Microsoft added GPU servers in a preview offering of its N series based on Nvidia's Tesla K80s.
In May 2017, Nvidia announced a partnership with Toyota which would use Nvidia's Drive PX-series artificial intelligence platform for its autonomous vehicles.
In May 2017, Nvidia's Inception Program, which supports AI and data science startups, included 1,300 companies.
In July 2017, Nvidia and Baidu announced a far-reaching AI partnership that includes cloud computing, autonomous driving, consumer devices, and Baidu's open-source AI framework PaddlePaddle. Baidu unveiled that Nvidia's Drive PX 2 AI will be the foundation of its autonomous-vehicle platform.
Nvidia officially released the Titan V on December 7, 2017.
As of late 2017, laptops that include GeForce 10 series GPUs and are sufficiently thin – under 0.8 inches (20 mm) – have been designated as meeting Nvidia's "Max-Q" design standard.
In 2017, the company's deep learning technology led to a boost in its earnings.
First announced in a blog post on March 1, 2018.
As of March 2018, Nvidia's Inception Program included 2,800 startups.
Nvidia officially released the Nvidia Quadro GV100 on March 27, 2018.
Canceled on May 4, 2018.
In May 2018, Nvidia users requested updated web drivers for legacy Mac Pro machines running macOS Mojave to enable graphics acceleration. Apple's Mojave update info stated it would run on legacy machines with 'Metal compatible' graphics cards, including some Nvidia models. However, cards working in macOS High Sierra using Nvidia-developed web drivers were not included, leading to user requests for driver updates.
In May 2018, researchers at Nvidia's artificial intelligence department realized the possibility that a robot can learn to perform a job simply by observing a person doing the same job.
Nvidia officially released the RTX 2080 GPUs on September 27, 2018.
GTC 2018 attracted over 8400 attendees.
In 2018, Nvidia's chips became popular for cryptomining, the process of obtaining crypto rewards in exchange for verifying transactions on distributed ledgers.
On March 11, 2019, Nvidia announced it would buy Mellanox Technologies for $6.9 billion, expanding its presence in the high-performance computing market.
In May 2019, Nvidia introduced new RTX Studio laptops, which creators claimed would be seven times faster than a top-end MacBook Pro in applications like Maya and RedCine-X Pro.
In August 2019, Nvidia announced Minecraft RTX, an official patch for Minecraft that adds real-time DXR ray tracing to the Windows 10 version. The game was "refit" with path tracing.
In 2019, at Tesla Autonomy Day, Elon Musk announced that Tesla developed its own SoC and full self-driving computer and would stop using Nvidia hardware for their vehicles.
Nvidia's Q2 sales increased from 2019.
On May 14, 2020, Nvidia officially announced the Ampere GPU microarchitecture and the Nvidia A100 GPU accelerator.
In May 2020, Nvidia announced its acquisition of Cumulus Networks, which was then absorbed into Nvidia's networking business unit, alongside Mellanox.
In May 2020, Nvidia developed an open-source ventilator to address shortages during the global coronavirus pandemic.
In July 2020, Nvidia was reported to be in talks with SoftBank to acquire Arm, a UK-based chip designer, for $32 billion.
On September 1, 2020, Nvidia officially announced the GeForce 30 series, based on the company's new Ampere microarchitecture.
On September 13, 2020, Nvidia announced it would acquire Arm from SoftBank Group for $40 billion, subject to regulatory review, with SoftBank retaining a 10% share of Nvidia.
In September 2020, Nvidia attempted to acquire Arm from SoftBank; however, the deal faced extended regulatory scrutiny.
Also in October 2020, Nvidia announced that with the release of the Nvidia RTX A6000, it would retire its workstation GPU brand Quadro, shifting to Nvidia RTX for future products based on the Nvidia Ampere architecture.
In October 2020, Nvidia announced plans to construct the Cambridge-1, the most powerful computer in Cambridge, England, with a $100 million investment, to support AI healthcare research. It was launched in July 2021.
On December 10, 2020, Nvidia informed Hardware Unboxed that it would no longer supply them with GeForce Founders Edition graphics card review units due to their focus on rasterization instead of ray tracing.
GTC 2020 was converted to a digital event and drew roughly 59,000 registrants.
In 2020, Nvidia reported earnings of US$2.796 billion, with an annual revenue of US$10.918 billion, a decline of 6.8% over the previous fiscal cycle.
In 2020, Nvidia unveiled "Omniverse", a virtual environment designed for engineers, and open-sourced Isaac Sim for training robots through simulations.
In Q2 2020, Nvidia reported sales of $3.87 billion, a 50% increase from 2019, driven by higher demand for computer technology during the pandemic, with a greater focus on technologies, such as Nvidia laptops and virtual workstations.
In January 2021, Nvidia's shares traded at over $531 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$328.7 billion.
In July 2021, Nvidia launched the Cambridge-1 supercomputer with a $100 million investment, which will employ AI to support healthcare research in Cambridge, England.
As of August 2021, Nvidia's Inception Program surpassed 8,500 members in 90 countries, with cumulative funding of US$60 billion.
In August 2021, the proposed takeover of Arm was stalled after the UK's Competition and Markets Authority raised "significant competition concerns".
In October 2021, the European Commission initiated a competition investigation into Nvidia's proposed acquisition of Arm. The commission expressed concerns that the Nvidia acquisition could restrict competitors' access to Arm's products and give Nvidia excessive internal information.
In February 2022, Nvidia's deal to acquire Arm was terminated after facing regulatory scrutiny. This would have been the largest semiconductor acquisition.
In early February 2022, SoftBank and Nvidia announced they "had agreed not to move forward with the transaction 'because of significant regulatory challenges'" regarding the acquisition of ARM.
On March 15, 2022, the investigation into Nvidia's acquisition of Arm was set to end, after Nvidia and SoftBank abandoned the acquisition in February 2022 due to regulatory challenges.
In March 2022, Nvidia's CEO, Jensen Huang, stated that they were open to Intel manufacturing Nvidia's chips in the future, marking the first time the company expressed willingness to work with Intel's upcoming foundry services.
In April 2022, reports surfaced that Nvidia planned to establish a new research center in Yerevan, Armenia.
On May 12, 2022, Nvidia announced that they are opensourcing their GPU kernel modules.
In May 2022, Nvidia agreed to pay $5.5 million to settle civil charges by the SEC for failing to disclose that cryptomining was a significant element of its revenue growth from sales of gaming chips in 2018.
In May 2022, Nvidia inaugurated Voyager, the second large building in its new headquarters complex, distinguished from its older counterpart, Endeavor, by a more subtle application of triangle theming.
In September 2022, Nvidia announced a collaboration with the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, focusing on Nvidia's AI-powered healthcare software suite called Clara, including Parabricks and MONAI.
In September 2022, Nvidia announced its next-generation automotive-grade chip, Drive Thor.
Following U.S. Department of Commerce regulations in October 2022, which restricted exports of advanced microchips to China, Nvidia's data center chip was placed on the export control list. The following month, Nvidia released the A800 GPU.
In May 2023, Nvidia crossed $1 trillion in market valuation during trading hours, and grew to $1.2 trillion by the following November. The company was selected to be one of Bloomberg's "Magnificent Seven".
In September 2023, Getty Images announced its partnership with Nvidia to launch Generative AI by Getty Images, a tool using Getty's licensed photo library and Nvidia's Edify model, available on Nvidia's Picasso generative AI model library, to create images.
On September 26, 2023, Denny's CEO Kelli Valade and Jensen Huang celebrated Nvidia's founding at the Denny's on Berryessa Road, marking the location with a plaque to commemorate the company's humble beginnings at that spot.
In October 2023, reports indicated that Nvidia had initiated the design of ARM-based central processing units (CPUs) for Microsoft's Windows operating system, targeting a 2025 launch.
In 2023, Nvidia became the seventh public U.S. company to be valued at over $1 trillion amid growing demand for data center chips with AI capabilities.
In 2023, support for Nvidia's firmware was implemented in nouveau, enabling proper power management and GPU reclocking for Turing and newer graphics card generations.
In February 2024, it was reported that half of Nvidia employees earned over $228,000 in 2023.
In January 2024, it was noted that the $350,000 spent by Nvidia on lobbying in 2023 was small compared to a number of major tech companies in the artificial intelligence space.
In the second quarter of 2023, Nvidia held a market share of 80.2%, leading global sales of discrete desktop GPUs. The company also expanded its gaming presence with products like Shield Portable, Shield Tablet, Shield TV, and the GeForce Now cloud gaming service.
In January 2024, Raymond James Financial analysts estimated that Nvidia was selling the H100 GPU in the price range of $25,000 to $30,000 each, while individual H100s cost over $40,000 on eBay. Major technology companies were purchasing tens or hundreds of thousands of GPUs for their data centers to run generative artificial intelligence projects, and implied billions of dollars in capital expenditures.
In January 2024, it was reported that Nvidia had increased its lobbying presence in Washington, D.C., as lawmakers considered AI regulations. Nvidia hired government affairs professionals with backgrounds in agencies such as the Department of State and the Department of the Treasury.
In February 2024, Nvidia was recognized as the "hot employer" in Silicon Valley, offering interesting work and good pay while other tech employers were downsizing. Half of Nvidia employees earned over $228,000 in 2023, and Nvidia GPUs had become so valuable that they required armored car transport to data centers.
On March 1, 2024, Nvidia became the third U.S. company to close with a market capitalization exceeding $2 trillion, achieving this milestone in just 180 days from $1 trillion.
After several years of remote-only events, Nvidia's GPU Technology Conference (GTC) returned to an in-person format in March 2024 in San Jose, California.
In March 2024, Nvidia's key management structure was defined.
In April 2024, reports indicated that China had allegedly acquired banned Nvidia chips and servers from Supermicro and Dell through tenders.
In June 2024, Nvidia briefly surpassed Microsoft as the world's most valuable publicly traded company, reaching a market capitalization of over $3.3 trillion for one day.
In June 2024, Trend Micro and Nvidia announced a partnership to develop AI-driven security tools, integrating Nvidia NIM and Nvidia Morpheus with Trend Vision One and its Sovereign and Private Cloud solutions, for improved data privacy and threat mitigation.
In October 2024, Nvidia introduced NVLM 1.0, a family of open-source multimodal large language models with a 72 billion parameter flagship version designed to improve text-only performance after multimodal training.
Also in November 2024, Nvidia acquired 1.2 million shares of Nebius Group.
In November 2024, Morgan Stanley reported that "the entire 2025 production" of Nvidia's Blackwell chips was "already sold out".
In November 2024, Nvidia was included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
As of November 2024, Nvidia's board of directors composition was defined.
As of late Q3 2024, Nvidia's market capitalization is approximately US$2.98 trillion.
In 2024, Nvidia oriented its focus towards humanoid robots and self-driving cars, expecting widespread adoption.
In 2024, Nvidia was ranked #3 on Forbes' "Best Places to Work" list.
In early 2024, the top 10 largest shareholders of Nvidia were identified.
In January 2025, Nvidia experienced the largest one-day loss in market capitalization for a U.S. company in history, amounting to $600 billion, due to competition from DeepSeek.
On April 2025, Nvidia released the Llama-3.1-Nemotron-Ultra-253B-v1 reasoning large language model under the Nvidia Open Model License, available in Nano, Super, and Ultra sizes.
As of 2025, Jensen Huang remains the CEO of Nvidia.
In 2025, Nvidia announced Isaac GR00T N1, an open-source, foundation model designed to expedite the development and capabilities of humanoid robots. Neura Robotics, 1X Technologies and Vention are among the first companies to use the model.
In November 2024, Morgan Stanley reported that "the entire 2025 production" of Nvidia's Blackwell chips was "already sold out".
In October 2023, it was reported that Nvidia was designing ARM-based CPUs with the target to start selling them in 2025 for Microsoft's Windows operating system.
In 2080, Nvidia officially released the RTX 2080 GPUs on September 27, 2018.
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