Greta Thunberg is a Swedish environmental activist who gained international recognition for her efforts to combat climate change. Beginning with school strikes in 2018, she challenged world leaders to take immediate and decisive action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of global warming. Her activism has inspired millions of young people worldwide to participate in climate strikes and demonstrations, making her a prominent figure in the global climate movement. She is known for her direct and uncompromising speeches, holding leaders accountable for their inaction on environmental issues and emphasizing the urgency of the climate crisis.
In January 2003, Greta Tintin Eleonora Ernman Thunberg was born in Stockholm, Sweden, to opera singer Malena Ernman and actor Svante Thunberg. Her paternal grandfather was actor and director Olof Thunberg.
In January 2003, Greta Tintin Eleonora Ernman Thunberg was born in Sweden. She is known for challenging world leaders to take immediate action to mitigate the effects of human-caused climate change.
In 2011, at the age of eight, Greta Thunberg first heard about climate change. She could not understand why so little was being done about it, which led to depression.
In May 2015, Greta Thunberg's mother made her diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome public nationwide in Sweden. Thunberg views her Asperger's as her "superpower".
In February 2018, Greta Thunberg was inspired by school shootings in the United States to begin a climate strike.
In May 2018, Greta Thunberg won a climate change essay competition by Svenska Dagbladet for young people.
In August 2018, Greta Thunberg began her school strike for climate activism, as documented in the film I Am Greta.
In August 2018, Greta Thunberg began the school climate strikes and public speeches for which she has become an internationally recognized climate activist.
In August 2018, Greta Thunberg, at age 15, began skipping school to protest outside the Swedish parliament, demanding stronger action on climate change. She held up a Skolstrejk för Klimatet (School Strike for Climate) sign.
Greta Thunberg has argued that commitments made at the Paris Agreement are insufficient to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees, and referenced the IPCC's Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C published in 2018.
In 2018, Greta Thunberg addressed the United Nations Climate Change Conference, inspiring weekly climate strike protests around the world.
In 2018, Greta Thunberg's speech during the plenary session of the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP24) went viral.
Throughout the autumn of 2018, Greta Thunberg's activism evolved from a solitary protest to taking part in demonstrations throughout Europe. She inspired students across the globe to take part in her Friday school strikes. In December alone, more than 20,000 students held strikes in at least 270 cities.
In January 2019, Greta Thunberg gave a speech at the World Economic Forum, declaring: "Our house is on fire."
In February 2019, 224 academics signed an open letter of support, inspired by Thunberg and striking school children, contrasting with the political opposition she often faces.
In February 2019, Thunberg shared a stage with Jean-Claude Juncker, who outlined that the EU would allocate every fourth euro to climate change mitigation from 2021-2027.
In February 2019, at a conference of the European Economic and Social Committee, Greta Thunberg stated that the EU's emission reduction target of 40% by 2030 was insufficient and that the EU needed to reduce its CO2 emissions by 80%.
In March 2019, Greta Thunberg was still staging her regular protests outside the Swedish parliament every Friday.
In April 2019, Greta Thunberg addressed the British Parliament, criticizing world leaders for insufficient action on global emissions and urging them to listen to scientists.
In May 2019, Greta Thunberg addressed the criticism she received online in a Time story. Joe Biden responded to Trump's tweet mocking Thunberg by tweeting at Trump: "What kind of president bullies a teenager?"
In May 2019, Greta Thunberg was featured on the cover of Time magazine, where she was described as a role model and one of the "Next Generation Leaders".
In May 2019, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres endorsed Thunberg's school strikes, acknowledging his generation's failure on climate change and calling on youth to rescue the planet.
In May 2019, climate issues played a significant role in European Parliament elections, with Green parties gaining seats, especially in northern Europe, inspired by Thunberg.
In June 2019, Swedish Railways (SJ) reported an 8% rise in domestic train travel, reflecting growing public concern about the impact of flying on CO2 emissions.
In June 2019, a YouGov poll showed public concern about the environment soared in the UK due to Thunberg and Extinction Rebellion.
In July 2019, Time magazine reported Greta Thunberg was taking a "sabbatical year" from school, intending to travel in the Americas to attend and address COP25.
In August 2019, Greta Thunberg sailed across the Atlantic Ocean from Plymouth, England, to New York City, in the racing yacht Malizia II. The voyage took 15 days, from 14 to 28 August 2019.
In August 2019, the sales of children's books about the climate crisis doubled compared to the previous year, attributed to the "Greta effect".
In August 2019, various sources reported on the personal attacks launched against Thunberg, including attacks on her autism, from columnists and right-wing parties.
In September 2019, Democratic candidates like Kamala Harris, Beto O'Rourke, and Bernie Sanders supported Thunberg after her speech at the New York action summit. Angela Merkel also stated that young activists had driven her government to act faster on climate change.
In September 2019, Donald Trump shared a video of Thunberg addressing world leaders and mocked her, leading Thunberg to change her Twitter bio to match his description.
In September 2019, Greta Thunberg attended the United Nations Climate Summit in New York City, documented in the film, after a two-week sea voyage across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe.
In September 2019, Greta Thunberg participated in climate protests across Canada and the United States. She led a climate rally in Montreal as part of the Global Climate Strike on September 27, 2019, and attended protests in cities like New York, Washington, D.C., and Denver. During her speeches in September 2019, she emphasized the need to acknowledge injustices against Indigenous peoples and enslaved servants.
In September 2019, Greta Thunberg was featured on the cover of Vogue magazine, created by guest editor Meghan, Duchess of Sussex.
In September 2019, John Meredith set Greta Thunberg's UN Action Summit speech to death metal. Additionally, Megan Washington and Robert Davidson used the same 'how dare you' speech for a performance, and DJ Fatboy Slim created a mashup of this speech with his dance hit.
In September 2019, Nick Gillespie wrote in Reason that "Greta Thunberg's histrionics are likely heartfelt but neither they nor the deplorable responses they conjure are a guide forward to good environmental policy in a world that is getting richer every day."
On 23 September 2019, Greta Thunberg attended the UN Climate Action Summit in New York City. She joined 15 other children at a press conference hosted by UNICEF.
In October 2019, Putin described Thunberg as sincere but manipulated, sparking Thunberg to update her Twitter bio.
In November 2019, Thunberg decided to sail across the Atlantic Ocean after the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP25) was moved from Chile to Spain due to public unrest. On November 13, 2019, she set sail from Hampton, Virginia, to Lisbon, Portugal, aboard the catamaran La Vagabonde, reiterating her message to unite behind science and act on it.
In December 2019, Donald Trump attacked Thunberg after she was named Time's youngest Person of the Year, leading to Thunberg updating her Twitter profile in response.
In December 2019, Greta Thunberg arrived in Lisbon and traveled to Madrid to speak at COP25. During a press conference, she called for more concrete action, arguing that the school strikes had achieved nothing as greenhouse gas emissions had risen by 4% since 2015.
In December 2019, Greta Thunberg was criticized by Deutsche Bahn after tweeting a photo of herself on an overcrowded train. DB initially apologized but later deleted the tweet and chided Greta. Greta clarified she only got a seat after four hours, emphasizing the high demand for train travel.
In December 2019, Greta Thunberg's father said her mother gave up international ventures in her opera career to save her child and saw how much Greta grew from that.
In December 2019, Thunberg tweeted about the murder of indigenous people protecting forests and Bolsonaro called her a "brat", leading Thunberg to change her Twitter description to "pirralha".
In December 2019, Trump mocked Thunberg after she was named Time's Person of the Year, prompting Thunberg to again change her Twitter bio in response.
In December 2019, speaking in Madrid, Greta Thunberg emphasized the disproportionate effect of climate change on young people and the Global South, highlighting that their futures and presents are at stake.
In December 2019, the New Scientist described the impact made by Thunberg and Extinction Rebellion with the headline: "The year the world woke up to climate change."
On December 30, 2019, Greta Thunberg served as the guest editor for BBC Radio's Today Programme. The edition featured interviews with figures like Sir David Attenborough and Mark Carney on climate change.
In 2019, Greta Thunberg collaborated with the climate charity Project Pressure on an art piece projected onto the UN building in New York, featuring voices of young activists on the climate crisis.
In 2019, Greta Thunberg commented on New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, stating that people overestimate her climate leadership and that emissions haven't fallen despite Ardern's words.
In 2019, Greta Thunberg sailed to New York to address the UN Climate Action Summit. In her speech, she scolded world leaders, exclaiming "How dare you" in reference to their perceived inaction to the climate crisis.
In 2019, Greta Thunberg was named the youngest Time Person of the Year. She was included in the Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.
In 2019, Thunberg spearheaded the anti-flying movement, promoting rail travel and backing the 'flight shame' campaign during her European awareness tour.
In January 2020, Greta Thunberg urged Siemens to stop delivering railway equipment to the Carmichael coal mine in Australia. However, on January 13, 2020, Siemens announced it would continue to honor its contract with Adani.
On January 21, 2020, Greta Thunberg returned to the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, delivering two speeches and participating in panel discussions. She focused on the theme "Our house is still on fire," acknowledging that she is being heard all the time.
In February 2020, Greta Thunberg traveled to Oxford University to meet Malala Yousafzai, a Nobel Peace Prize winner and activist for female education. Thunberg later joined a school strike in Bristol.
In February 2020, X-Site Energy Services of Alberta, Canada, distributed a sticker with a degrading image of Thunberg, leading to public outcry, an apology from the company, and organizational changes.
In March 2020, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Greta Thunberg stated that "In a crisis we change our behavior and adapt to the new circumstances for the greater good of society." Thunberg and School Strike for Climate moved their activities online.
On March 4, 2020, Greta Thunberg attended a meeting of the European Parliament's Environment Committee. She criticized the European Commission's new proposal for a climate law, calling it a surrender.
In May 2020, Greta Thunberg was featured in Pearl Jam's music video "Retrograde" as a fortune teller depicting effects of climate change.
In July 2020, Greta Thunberg and others wrote an open letter to EU leaders advocating for ecocide to be recognized as an international crime at the International Criminal Court.
On August 20, 2020, the second anniversary of Thunberg's first strike, Thunberg and fellow climate activists met with German Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin. They subsequently announced plans for another global climate strike.
On August 24, 2020, Greta Thunberg ended her "gap year" from school and returned to the classroom.
In September 2020, Greta Thunberg and other climate activists announced plans for another global climate strike on September 25, 2020. The nature of the strike, whether virtual or in the streets, would be determined by the pandemic situation.
On 3 September 2020, the documentary 'I Am Greta' premiered at the Venice Film Festival, chronicling Thunberg's climate activism from August 2018 to September 2019.
In a November 2020 interview, Greta Thunberg criticized political inaction on climate change, stating that leaders set targets for the future but avoid immediate action.
On December 14, 2020, Greta Thunberg criticized the New Zealand Labour Government's climate change emergency declaration as "virtue signalling," stating that New Zealand's Labour Government had only committed to reducing less than one percent of New Zealand's carbon emissions by 2025.
During the 2020 United States presidential election, Thunberg commented on Trump tweeting "Stop the count!" with the text: "So ridiculous. Donald must work on his Anger Management problem, then go to a good old fashioned movie with a friend! Chill Donald, Chill!"
Greta Thunberg has argued that the greenhouse gas emissions curve needs to start declining steeply no later than 2020, to meet the Paris Agreement goals.
In 2020, Democratic candidates like Kamala Harris, Beto O'Rourke, and Bernie Sanders supported Thunberg after her speech at the New York action summit. Angela Merkel also stated that young activists had driven her government to act faster on climate change.
In 2020, Greta Thunberg showed support of the ongoing 2020-2021 Indian farmers' protest.
In 2020, Greta Thunberg spoke out against the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test and Joint Entrance Examination in India, saying it was unfair for students to have to appear for exams during a global pandemic.
In February 2021, Greta Thunberg tweeted her support of the ongoing 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest, leading to criticism and controversy. Indian activist Disha Ravi was arrested for editing a toolkit related to the protests.
In March 2021, the University of Winchester installed a life-sized sculpture of Greta Thunberg on its campus.
On 30 March 2021, European Commissioner for Climate Action Frans Timmermans said in a tweet after talking to Thunberg that "The Commission remains committed" to making the Common Agricultural Policy "fulfill the objectives" of the European Green Deal.
In April 2021, Greta Thunberg and other climate activists launched the annual Climate Live concert to highlight climate change.
In May 2021, Greta Thunberg addressed the COVID-19 crisis again, urging a change in the food production system and the protection of animals and their habitats, highlighting the link between habitat destruction and the spread of zoonotic diseases.
In July 2021, Greta Thunberg received her COVID vaccine and emphasized the importance of vaccine equity worldwide, urging people to get vaccinated when offered.
In August 2021, Yasmeen Serhan wrote in The Atlantic about the disinformation and conspiracies targeting Thunberg, including depictions of her as a spoiled child or Nazi.
In September 2021, Greta Thunberg appeared on the cover of Vogue Scandinavia, criticizing the fashion industry's greenwashing and its impact on workers and the environment.
In September 2021, Greta Thunberg said she didn't make her mother do anything, she just provided her with the information to base her decision on.
On September 28, 2021, Greta Thunberg criticized world leaders like Joe Biden, Boris Johnson, and Narendra Modi for their climate crisis promises at the Youth4Climate Summit in Milan. She also expressed doubts about the organizers of climate conferences.
In October 2021, Greta Thunberg arrived at Glasgow Central station for the COP26. She spoke at some protests during the COP and marched in a Fridays for Future Scotland climate strike.
In November 2021, Greta Thunberg and other climate activists filed a petition to the United Nations, calling for a level 3 global climate emergency declaration to coordinate the response to the climate crisis internationally.
In December 2021, Greta Thunberg reiterated her criticism of U.S. president Joe Biden, questioning his climate leadership due to the U.S. expansions on fossil fuel use during his administration.
According to a 2021 study, "those who are more familiar with Greta Thunberg have higher intentions of taking collective actions to reduce global warming and that stronger collective efficacy beliefs mediate this relationship.
In 2021, Greta Thunberg said that many people in the Fridays for Future movement are autistic, inclusive, and welcoming. She believes autistic people become climate activists because they cannot look away and have to tell the truth as they see it.
In 2021, before COP26, Thunberg expressed pessimism about the conference's potential impact, criticized leaders' inaction, called Xi Jinping a dictator, and emphasized democracy and public pressure as climate crisis solutions.
In February 2019, Thunberg shared a stage with Jean-Claude Juncker, who outlined that the EU would allocate every fourth euro to climate change mitigation from 2021-2027.
On February 25, 2022, Greta Thunberg combined her climate protests with opposition to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, standing outside the Russian embassy in Stockholm with a sign that read "Stand With Ukraine".
On February 6, 2022, Greta Thunberg condemned the British firm Beowulf for its mining of iron on Sámi land, emphasizing the need to prioritize indigenous rights and environmental protection over short-term profits.
On July 6, 2022, Greta Thunberg criticized the European Parliament for voting to label fossil gas and nuclear energy as "green" energy, calling the decision "hypocrisy" that would delay a sustainable transition.
In October 2022, Greta Thunberg started a publicity campaign for her book "The Climate Book", coinciding with her Autumn break from school. The initial release of the book occurred in the UK on October 27, 2022.
In November 2022, Greta Thunberg, along with over 600 young people from the Auroramålet activist group, filed a lawsuit against the Swedish government for climate inaction within Sweden.
In January 2023, Greta Thunberg participated in a protest in Lützerath against the expansion of a nearby coal mine. On January 17, 2023, she was detained along with other activists by German police during the demonstration and released the same day after an identity check.
On February 14, 2023, Greta Thunberg's book, "The Climate Book," was released in the United States and other locations, expanding its availability.
On June 19, 2023, Greta Thunberg participated in a Reclaim the Future protest in Malmö, Sweden, and was arrested for disobeying a police order.
On June 9, 2023, Greta Thunberg graduated from high school, marking the day with her last school strike for climate. She vowed to continue her fight for climate action.
On July 24, 2023, Greta Thunberg's trial was held at Malmö District Court. She was found guilty of disobedience to authority after disrupting traffic and refusing to follow police orders, and was sentenced to pay fines.
On August 4, 2023, Greta Thunberg cancelled her scheduled appearance at the Edinburgh International Book Festival, set for August 11, due to the festival's sponsorship by Baillie Gifford, a firm with connections to the fossil fuel industry.
On October 11, 2023, Greta Thunberg's second Swedish trial for disobedience occurred. She was found guilty for the July 24, 2023, incident and ordered to pay fines.
On October 18, 2023, Greta Thunberg was arrested in London for protesting against the Energy Intelligence Forum. She was charged with failure to comply with a lawful order to disperse.
On November 15, 2023, Greta Thunberg appeared at Westminster Magistrates' Court and entered a plea of "not guilty" regarding her arrest at the Energy Intelligence Forum protest in London.
On December 5, 2023, Greta Thunberg and three others published an opinion piece in The Guardian, clarifying their support for Palestinian civilians in Gaza and stating that there is no climate justice without human rights.
In 2023, after graduating from high school, Greta Thunberg's activism continued to gain international attention. Her protest tactics became increasingly assertive, including acts of civil disobedience.
On February 2, 2024, the case against Greta Thunberg and others related to the London protest was dismissed by the judge, who agreed that the prosecution had not presented enough evidence.
On April 23, 2024, Greta Thunberg was charged with civil disobedience for allegedly ignoring police orders to leave climate demonstrations blocking Sweden's parliament building in March 2024. She entered a plea of not guilty.
On April 6, 2024, Greta Thunberg participated in an Extinction Rebellion-led protest in The Hague, Netherlands, where she was forcibly removed by law enforcement from blocking a road. Reports varied on whether she was arrested or simply detained.
On May 8, 2024, a Swedish court convicted Greta Thunberg of civil disobedience and fined her 6,000 Swedish Kronor (US$550). She was also ordered to pay additional damages.
In September 2024, Greta Thunberg was apprehended by Danish police during a pro-Palestinian protest in Copenhagen. She was also "carried out" from the library of Stockholm University by Stockholm police after she participated in an encampment inside the library.
In November 2024, Greta Thunberg reflected on her pro-Palestine activism.
In May 2024, Greta Thunberg was detained by Swedish police for participating in a pro-Palestinian protest outside Malmö Arena, which was hosting the Eurovision Song Contest 2024, and subsequently released a statement opposing Israel's participation in the contest.
In February 2019, at a conference of the European Economic and Social Committee, Greta Thunberg stated that the EU's emission reduction target of 40% by 2030 was insufficient.
In 2035, Sweden reported a 4% drop in domestic air travel for 2019 and an increase in rail use. The BBC says that the movement could halve the growth of global air travel, but Airbus and Boeing say that they still expect to grow at around 4% until 2035.
In November 2020, Greta Thunberg criticized the European Green Deal, which aims to make the EU climate neutral by 2050, saying that it sends a false signal of real action.