History of Margaret Thatcher in Timeline
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, was a British stateswoman and Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to hold the position. As prime minister, she implemented economic policies known as Thatcherism. A Soviet journalist dubbed her the 'Iron Lady', a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style.
October 1925: Birth of Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Roberts, later known as Margaret Thatcher, was born in October 1925 in Grantham, Lincolnshire.
1926: Birth of Tony Bray
Tony Bray, who would later become Margaret Thatcher's first boyfriend, was born in 1926.
1942: Thatcher as Head Girl
Margaret Thatcher excelled academically and was appointed head girl at her school from 1942 to 1943.
October 1943: Thatcher Starts at Oxford
Margaret Thatcher began her studies in chemistry at Somerville College, Oxford in October 1943.
1943: Thatcher's Arrival at Oxford
Margaret Thatcher commenced her studies at Oxford in 1943.
1944: Publication of The Road to Serfdom
Friedrich Hayek's influential political work, "The Road to Serfdom," which critiqued government intervention in the economy, was published in 1944.
1944: Acceptance to Oxford
Margaret Thatcher's academic achievements earned her a scholarship to study chemistry at Somerville College, Oxford, starting in 1944.
1945: Alfred Roberts Becomes Mayor of Grantham
Alfred Roberts, Margaret Thatcher's father, began his term as the Mayor of Grantham in 1945.
1945: Post-War Political Impact
Since 1945, Margaret Thatcher's impact on British politics has been a subject of extensive analysis, with various polls and surveys frequently ranking her among the greatest post-war leaders.
1946: End of Term as Mayor
Alfred Roberts concluded his term as the Mayor of Grantham in 1946.
1946: President of Oxford University Conservative Association
Margaret Thatcher's involvement in politics deepened in 1946 when she assumed the role of President of the Oxford University Conservative Association.
1947: Graduation from Oxford
Margaret Thatcher graduated from Oxford with a second-class degree in chemistry in 1947.
1948: Job Application at ICI
Margaret Thatcher applied for a job at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in 1948 but was rejected.
1948: Early Political Engagement
Margaret Thatcher's political journey began in 1948 when she attended the Conservative Party conference in Llandudno, Wales, representing the University Graduate Conservative Association. She also became a member of the Vermin Club, a group of Conservative activists.
February 1949: Meeting Denis Thatcher
In February 1949, after her formal adoption as the Conservative candidate for Dartford, Margaret Roberts met Denis Thatcher, a successful businessman who would later become her husband. They met at a dinner following her adoption.
January 1950: Selected as Conservative Candidate for Dartford
In January 1950, at the age of 24, Margaret Thatcher was selected as the Conservative candidate for the Labour seat of Dartford. This decision came after she impressed officials, despite not being on the party's approved list initially.
1950: Award of Master of Arts Degree
In 1950, Margaret Thatcher received her Master of Arts degree from Oxford, a degree she was entitled to 21 terms after her matriculation.
1950: First General Election Campaigns
Margaret Thatcher, then Margaret Roberts, ran as the Conservative candidate for Dartford in the 1950 general election. She gained recognition as the youngest candidate and the only woman running for the Conservatives that year.
1950: Labour Party's Victory in Grantham
The Labour Party achieved a significant milestone in 1950 by securing its first majority on the Grantham Council.
December 1951: Marriage to Denis Thatcher
Margaret Roberts married Denis Thatcher in December 1951. Denis would later support her political aspirations and fund her studies to become a barrister.
1952: Loss of Alderman Position
Alfred Roberts lost his position as alderman in 1952 following the Labour Party's victory in Grantham Council in 1950.
1953: Birth of Twins and Qualification as Barrister
In 1953, Margaret Thatcher gave birth to twins, Carol and Mark, who were born prematurely. That same year, she qualified as a barrister, specializing in taxation law.
1954: Defeat in Orpington Selection
Margaret Thatcher's bid for the Conservative candidacy in the Orpington by-election was unsuccessful in 1954.
January 1955: Sought Selection for Orpington By-election
Margaret Thatcher attempted to secure the Conservative nomination for the Orpington by-election in January 1955 but was unsuccessful.
April 1958: Selection as Candidate for Finchley
In April 1958, Margaret Thatcher was chosen as the Conservative candidate for the Finchley constituency, winning a close selection contest against Ian Montagu Fraser.
1959: Elected as MP for Finchley
Margaret Thatcher won the Finchley seat in the 1959 general election, officially beginning her career as a Member of Parliament.
1959: Thatcher Elected as Member of Parliament
Margaret Thatcher's political career advanced in 1959 when she was elected as the Member of Parliament for Finchley.
1959: Recognition Among 1959 MPs
Thatcher's early rise in politics was evident when she became one of the first MPs elected in 1959 to receive a promotion.
1960: Death of Beatrice Ethel Stephenson
Beatrice Ethel Stephenson, Margaret Thatcher's mother, died in 1960.
1960: Maiden Speech and Public Bodies Act
Thatcher's first address in the House of Commons, known as a maiden speech, took place in 1960. Notably, it supported her private member's bill, the Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act, which aimed to increase transparency in local government by mandating public council meetings. The bill successfully passed into law.
October 1961: Appointment as Parliamentary Secretary
In October 1961, Margaret Thatcher was appointed as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry for Pensions by Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, making her the youngest woman in history to hold such a position.
1961: Support for Birching Restoration
Breaking from the Conservative Party's official stance, Thatcher voted in favor of bringing back birching as a form of judicial corporal punishment in 1961.
1964: Spokeswoman on Housing and Land
Following the Conservative Party's defeat in the 1964 general election, Thatcher took on the role of spokesperson for housing and land.
1965: Churchill Receives State Funeral
In a rare display of national mourning, Sir Winston Churchill, the iconic British Prime Minister who led the country through World War II, was laid to rest with full state honors in 1965. The event marked a solemn moment in British history.
1966: Criticism of Labour's Economic Policies and Social Views
During the 1966 Conservative Party conference, Margaret Thatcher publicly condemned the high-tax policies implemented by the Labour government. She argued that such policies were pushing the country toward socialism and even communism. Thatcher firmly believed that lower taxes would encourage people to work harder. In the same year, Thatcher demonstrated a mixed stance on social issues. She voted for decriminalizing male homosexuality, legalizing abortion, and banning hare coursing. Conversely, she supported keeping capital punishment and opposed relaxing divorce laws. These stances highlight her complex and sometimes controversial views on social matters during this period.
1966: Shadow Treasury Team and Opposition to Price Controls
In 1966, Margaret Thatcher joined the Shadow Treasury team and opposed the Labour government's mandatory price and income controls, arguing they would harm the economy.
1967: International Visitor Leadership Program
In 1967, Thatcher was chosen for the U.S. State Department's International Visitor Leadership Program. This program gave her the opportunity to engage with key figures in U.S. politics and economics, potentially marking an early recognition of her leadership qualities on the international stage.
1968: Enoch Powell and the "Rivers of Blood" Speech
Thatcher's reaction to Enoch Powell's controversial "Rivers of Blood" speech in 1968 provides insight into her views on race and immigration. While acknowledging that Powell's delivery was "regrettable," she agreed with his concerns about Commonwealth immigration. Her stance highlights the complexities of her political beliefs.
1969: Advocacy for British Rail Investment and Visit to Soviet Union
In 1969, Margaret Thatcher, as shadow transport minister, argued for increased investment in British Rail, believing that focusing solely on road construction would not solve transportation problems. That summer, she visited the Soviet Union as part of her role.
1970: Desire to Reverse "Permissive Society"
Early in 1970, Thatcher expressed her desire to see a societal shift away from what she termed the "permissive society."
1970: Shadow Cabinet Appointments
Following her participation in the International Visitor Leadership Program, Edward Heath, the leader of the Conservative Party, appointed Thatcher to the Shadow Cabinet. She initially served as the spokesperson for fuel and power. In the lead-up to the 1970 general election, Thatcher's responsibilities expanded. She was promoted to the position of shadow transport spokeswoman and later assumed the role of shadow education spokeswoman, further solidifying her place within the party.
1970: Skepticism About Female Prime Minister
In 1970, Margaret Thatcher expressed her belief that a woman would not become prime minister in her lifetime, citing strong societal prejudices.
1970: Appointment as Education Secretary and Controversy Over Comprehensive Schools
In 1970, Margaret Thatcher was appointed Secretary of State for Education and Science. She quickly sparked controversy by withdrawing a policy promoting comprehensive schools and introduced her own, aiming to give local authorities more control.
1970: Appointment as Secretary of State and Privy Counsellor
In 1970, Thatcher was appointed as a Secretary of State and became a privy counsellor (PC).
1970: Appointment as Secretary of State for Education and Science
Margaret Thatcher was appointed as the Secretary of State for Education and Science in Edward Heath's government, which lasted from 1970 to 1974.
1970: Death of Alfred Roberts
Margaret Thatcher's father, Alfred Roberts, passed away in 1970.
1971: Education Reforms and Grammar Schools
Thatcher continued to shape education policy in 1971, supporting market forces in research funding and overseeing the transition to comprehensive schools while also advocating for the preservation of grammar schools.
1973: Thatcher Begins Refining Her Public Image
Facing criticism for her voice, Thatcher started working with Gordon Reece in 1973 to improve her public image, taking voice lessons with a National Theatre coach on his advice.
1973: Economic Challenges and Thatcher's Emergence
The Heath government faced economic troubles in 1973, contributing to its eventual downfall and setting the stage for Thatcher's rise in the Conservative Party.
February 1974: The Fall of Heath and Thatcher's Rise
The Heath government's fall in February 1974 led to Thatcher emerging as a contender for Conservative leadership, promising a new direction for the party.
October 1974: Labour's Victory and Thatcher's Leadership Bid
Labour's win in the October 1974 general election further weakened Heath's position, paving the way for Thatcher's successful challenge for Conservative leadership.
1974: End of Term as Secretary of State
Margaret Thatcher's term as the Secretary of State for Education and Science ended in 1974.
1974: Economic Crisis and Political Uncertainty
The UK faced a severe economic crisis in 1974, prompting Foreign Secretary James Callaghan to warn about a potential "breakdown of democracy," reflecting the gravity of the situation.
February 1975: Thatcher Becomes Conservative Leader
On February 11, 1975, Margaret Thatcher made history by becoming the first woman to lead the Conservative Party, marking a pivotal moment in British politics.
1975: Thatcher Becomes Leader of the Conservative Party
In 1975, Margaret Thatcher made history by becoming the first woman to lead a major political party in the UK when she was elected Leader of the Conservative Party.
1975: First Woman Leader of the Conservative Party and Honorary Member of the Carlton Club
In 1975, upon becoming the Leader of the Conservative Party, Thatcher was granted full membership rights as an honorary member of the Carlton Club, making her the first woman to receive this honor.
1975: UK's EEC Membership Referendum
Margaret Thatcher and her party showed support for Britain's membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) during the 1975 referendum.
1975: Thatcher's First Visit to the United States
Thatcher embarked on a significant trip to the United States in 1975, meeting with President Gerald Ford, a visit that helped to raise her international profile.
1975: Portuguese Collapse in Africa
The collapse of Portuguese rule in Africa in 1975 had significant implications for Rhodesia, as it led South Africa to recognize the inevitability of Black majority rule in the region.
December 1976: Thatcher Opposes Scottish Devolution
Thatcher demonstrated her firm stance against Scottish devolution in December 1976, instructing Conservative MPs to vote down a bill proposing a Scottish Assembly.
1976: Thatcher Opens University of Buckingham as Education Secretary
In her capacity as education secretary, Margaret Thatcher presided over the formal opening of the University of Buckingham in 1976, an institution she would later serve as chancellor.
1976: "Britain Awake" Speech and the "Iron Lady"
Thatcher's 1976 "Britain Awake" speech, in which she strongly criticized the Soviet Union, earned her the nickname "Iron Lady" from the Soviet press, a label she embraced.
1976: Removal of Political Prisoner Status
The preceding Labour government removed the political prisoner status for paramilitary prisoners in 1976, a decision that fueled tensions and ultimately led to hunger strikes.
1977: Conservative Party Popularity Rises Amidst Racial Tensions
During the 1977 local elections, the Conservative Party, under Thatcher's leadership, saw a surge in popularity. This coincided with a decline in support for the far-right National Front, suggesting a shift in voter sentiment.
1977: Thatcher's Second Visit to the United States
In 1977, Thatcher made her second visit to the United States, this time meeting with President Jimmy Carter, solidifying her presence on the global stage.
1978: Economic Recovery and Callaghan's Decision
Despite an economic recovery in mid-1978, Prime Minister Callaghan surprised many by choosing to delay the general election, a decision that Thatcher capitalized on.
1978: Thatcher's Stance on Immigration
In 1978, Thatcher criticized Labour's immigration policy to attract voters from the National Front to the Conservative Party. This move was seen as pandering to racism by her critics.
1978: Thatcher's Comments on Immigration Spark Debate
In a 1978 interview, Thatcher made comments about immigration and its potential impact on British society, sparking debate about her stance on race and immigration.
1978: Thatcher's Visit to Iran
Thatcher's 1978 visit to Iran, where she met with Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, showcased her bold approach to foreign policy, choosing to travel without her shadow foreign secretary.
1978: "Winter of Discontent" and Labour's Decline
The "Winter of Discontent" in 1978, marked by widespread strikes, significantly weakened the Labour government, playing into Thatcher's hands as she campaigned on a platform of economic revival.
April 1979: Economic Policies Criticized
In April 1979, critics began to fault Thatcher's economic policies for the high unemployment levels and social issues that plagued various regions of the UK.
May 1979: High Unemployment and Social Unrest
In May 1979, the UK faced high unemployment and social unrest. Critics blamed Thatcher's economic policies for these issues, which persisted throughout her tenure.
May 1979: Thatcher Becomes Prime Minister
On May 4, 1979, Margaret Thatcher officially assumed the office of Prime Minister, marking the beginning of her transformative tenure as the leader of the United Kingdom.
July 1979: Thatcher Objects to Asian Immigration
In a July 1979 meeting, Thatcher expressed concerns about the number of Asian immigrants entering the UK, advocating for limits on Vietnamese refugees.
September 1979: The Iron Lady Satirical Album
In September 1979, the satirical audio album 'The Iron Lady' was released, featuring skits and songs mocking Thatcher's rise to power. This marked one of the earliest satires of her as prime minister.
December 1979: Brokering Peace in Rhodesia
In December 1979, Thatcher's government played a key role in brokering a peaceful solution to end the Rhodesian Bush War, leading to the Lancaster House Agreement and the creation of Zimbabwe under Black majority rule in 1980.
1979: Callaghan Delays Election, Thatcher Seizes the Moment
Callaghan's decision to postpone the election until 1979 provided Thatcher with a political opportunity, allowing her to portray the Labour government as hesitant and out of touch.
1979: Abolition of Exchange Controls
Chancellor Geoffrey Howe abolished the UK's exchange controls in 1979, a move aimed at promoting economic growth by allowing for greater capital investment in foreign markets.
1979: Increase in Home Ownership
In 1979, Margaret Thatcher's policies began to significantly impact home ownership in the UK. More than a million families bought their council houses, leading to an increase in owner-occupiers and personal wealth.
1979: Margaret Thatcher Becomes Prime Minister
Margaret Thatcher became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1979.
1979: Withdrawal of Recognition from Pol Pot Regime
Thatcher's government withdrew formal recognition from the Pol Pot regime in Cambodia in 1979.
1979: Thatcher's Continued Opposition to Scottish Devolution
Thatcher's opposition to Scottish devolution continued in 1979 when she supported amendments to allow the English to vote in the Scottish devolution referendum, highlighting her views on national unity.
1979: Thatcher's Historic Victory
The Conservative Party, led by Margaret Thatcher, won the 1979 general election, bringing her to power as the first female prime minister of the United Kingdom, a truly groundbreaking achievement.
1979: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 marked a significant foreign policy challenge for Thatcher. She condemned the invasion, saw it as a failure of détente, and supported, albeit weakly, US sanctions against the USSR.
1979: Peak in UK Stoppages
The year 1979 witnessed a peak in work stoppages across the UK, reaching 4,583 and resulting in a loss of over 29 million working days.
1979: Thatcher's Original Cabinet
This entry mentions that Geoffrey Howe was the last remaining member of Thatcher's original 1979 cabinet, highlighting the significant turnover in her government over time.
December 1980: Thatcher's Approval Rating Plummets
By December 1980, Thatcher's approval rating reached a record low for a British Prime Minister, reflecting public dissatisfaction with her handling of the recession.
1980: Thatcher Addresses Criticism at Conservative Party Conference
Amidst growing criticism of her policies, Thatcher delivered a resolute speech at the 1980 Conservative Party Conference, famously stating her unwavering stance.
1980: Birth of Zimbabwe
Following the Lancaster House Agreement, the former Rhodesia gained independence as Zimbabwe under Black majority rule in 1980.
1980: Moscow Olympics Boycott
Thatcher supported the boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics by some British athletes in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
1980: IRA and INLA Hunger Strikes Begin
The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) and Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) prisoners in Northern Ireland's Maze Prison began hunger strikes in 1980 demanding the reinstatement of political prisoner status, which had been revoked in 1976.
March 1981: Economists Challenge Thatcher's Economic Policies
In March 1981, a group of leading economists issued a statement criticizing Thatcher's economic policies, arguing that they would worsen the recession and harm the country's industrial base.
November 1981: Establishment of Anglo-Irish Inter-Governmental Council
Thatcher and Irish Prime Minister Garret FitzGerald established the Anglo-Irish Inter-Governmental Council in November 1981 to facilitate communication and cooperation between the two governments.
1981: Bobby Sands Hunger Strike
Bobby Sands commenced a hunger strike in 1981, vowing to continue until death unless concessions were made for prison inmates' living conditions.
1981: Arms to Iraq
Thatcher's government began supplying "non-lethal" military equipment to Saddam Hussein's Iraq in 1981, a move that would later draw criticism.
1981: England Riots Test Thatcher's Leadership
The 1981 England riots, sparked by social and economic inequalities, presented a significant challenge to Thatcher's leadership and her policies.
April 1982: Falklands War Begins
Argentina invaded the British Overseas Territories of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia in April 1982, leading to the Falklands War. Thatcher's handling of this crisis, forming a War Cabinet and dispatching a naval task force, became a defining moment of her premiership.
October 1982: Miners Reject National Strike in Ballot
In October 1982, members of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) voted against a national strike, highlighting internal divisions within the union regarding strike action.
1982: Thatcher Declares Rollback of Socialism at Conservative Party Conference
During the 1982 Conservative Party Conference, Thatcher proudly proclaimed her government's achievements in diminishing the role of the state in the economy, marking a significant shift in British politics.
1982: Thatcher Promises to Safeguard NHS
In 1982, Margaret Thatcher assured the public that the National Health Service was 'safe in our hands'. This statement underscored her stance amidst growing discussions on the privatisation of nationalised industries, heavily influenced by right-wing think tanks and Sir Keith Joseph. The term 'Thatcherism' began to encapsulate her policies, ethical outlook, and personal style, including moral absolutism, nationalism, and liberal individualism.
1982: Satirical Portrayals of Margaret Thatcher by Peter Wells
In 1982, Peter Wells, known for his satirical work, collaborated with Richard Ingrams on "Dear Bill" letters, published in Private Eye magazine, mocking Thatcher's political life. They later adapted this into a stage revue titled "Anyone for Denis?", followed by a TV special directed by Dick Clement, with Angela Thorne playing Thatcher.
1982: Woman of the Year
In 1982, Time magazine named Margaret Thatcher as Woman of the Year, following the British victory in the Falklands War under her command.
1982: UK Economy Shows Signs of Recovery Amidst High Unemployment
The UK economy began to show signs of recovery in 1982, with reduced inflation. However, unemployment rates remained high, exceeding 3 million for the first time since the 1930s.
1982: The Falklands Factor
The so-called "Falklands factor", combined with an economic recovery that began in early 1982, contributed to Thatcher's second election victory in 1983.
1982: Victory in the Falklands War
Under Margaret Thatcher's leadership, Britain emerged victorious in the Falklands War of 1982.
January 1983: Thatcher's Visit to the Falkland Islands
In January 1983, six months after the Falklands War ended, Margaret Thatcher visited the Falkland Islands.
March 1983: Miners Vote Against National Strike Again
In March 1983, the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) again held a ballot on a national strike, which was rejected by its members, indicating a reluctance to engage in widespread industrial action.
November 1983: Deployment of US Missiles at Greenham Common
The deployment of US nuclear cruise missiles at RAF Greenham Common began in November 1983, a decision supported by Thatcher but which sparked mass protests.
1983: Economic Growth Continues, Manufacturing Employment Declines
Economic growth continued in 1983, accompanied by low inflation and mortgage rates. However, manufacturing employment as a percentage of total employment decreased, and unemployment remained a persistent issue.
1983: Acceleration of State Utilities Sale
Following the 1983 election, there was an increase in the sale of state utilities, a key element of Thatcherism, resulting in the collection of over £29 billion.
1983: Labour Support Among Union Members Plummets
In the 1983 general election, only 39% of union members voted for the Labour Party, indicating a significant decline in support for the party traditionally aligned with labor interests.
1983: US Invasion of Grenada
Thatcher and US President Reagan experienced a disagreement in 1983 when Reagan did not consult with her about the US invasion of Grenada.
1983: Thatcher's Second Election Victory
Thatcher won a second term as Prime Minister in the 1983 general election, aided in part by the "Falklands factor" and a divided opposition.
1983: Thatcher's Landslide Re-election
The recovering economy and victory in the Falklands War contributed to Margaret Thatcher's landslide re-election as Prime Minister in 1983.
1983: Secret Support for Cambodian Resistance
While not directly training the Khmer Rouge, Thatcher's government allowed the SAS to start secretly training Cambodian non-communist resistance forces in 1983.
March 1984: National Coal Board Announces Mine Closures, Triggering Miners' Strike
In March 1984, the National Coal Board's proposal to close mines and reduce jobs ignited a massive strike by coal miners, led by the National Union of Mineworkers, marking a pivotal point in British labor relations.
October 1984: IRA Assassination Attempt on Thatcher
In October 1984, Margaret Thatcher narrowly escaped an assassination attempt by the IRA at a Brighton hotel, an event that shook the nation but also increased her popularity due to her response.
1984: Thatcher's Controversial Stance on South Africa
Despite advocating for "peaceful negotiations" to end apartheid, Margaret Thatcher opposed sanctions against South Africa, drawing criticism. She prioritized trade and engaged with President Botha, inviting him to the UK in 1984, which sparked protests. She condemned the ANC as a "typical terrorist organisation." Notably, Nelson Mandela, after his release, expressed gratitude for Thatcher's opposition to apartheid.
1984: Assassination Attempt on Thatcher
In 1984, Margaret Thatcher survived an assassination attempt by the Provisional IRA in the Brighton hotel bombing.
1984: Thatcher Compares Miners' Strike to Falklands War
In a controversial speech in 1984, Thatcher drew a parallel between the miners' strike and the Falklands War, referring to internal enemies, a statement that drew criticism and fueled accusations of her being out of touch with the working class.
1984: Thatcher's Visit to the Soviet Union
Thatcher went on a state visit to the Soviet Union in 1984, where she met with Mikhail Gorbachev and other Soviet leaders.
1984: Miners' Strike Poses Major Challenge to Thatcher's Authority
The 1984-85 miners' strike became a defining moment in Thatcher's premiership, representing a major confrontation between her government and the trade union movement.
1984: Miners' Strike
The year 1984 marked a significant year for labor relations in the UK with the occurrence of the miners' strike, resulting in a loss of over 27 million working days.
1984: Establishment of Oftel
The year 1984 saw the establishment of Oftel, a regulatory body, as part of the expansion of regulation to address the loss of direct government control following the privatization of certain industries.
1984: Unemployment Reaches Record High
Unemployment in the UK peaked at 3.3 million in 1984, highlighting the social costs of Thatcher's economic policies, despite signs of overall economic improvement.
March 1985: Miners' Strike Ends in Defeat for NUM
After a year of bitter struggle, the miners' strike ended in March 1985 with the National Union of Mineworkers conceding defeat without securing any concessions from the government, a significant victory for Thatcher and a blow to the union movement.
November 1985: Signing of Hillsborough Anglo-Irish Agreement
The Hillsborough Anglo-Irish Agreement, signed in November 1985, marked a significant development as it granted the Republic of Ireland an advisory role in Northern Ireland's governance for the first time.
1985: Closure of Unprofitable Coal Mines
In 1985, Margaret Thatcher's government initiated the closure of 25 unprofitable coal mines as part of a larger plan to reform the coal industry.
1985: Westland Affair
The Westland affair of 1985-86 saw Thatcher intervene to prevent the Italian firm Agusta from taking over the struggling British helicopter manufacturer Westland, favouring a link with Sikorsky Aircraft instead. This decision led to the resignation of Defence Secretary Michael Heseltine.
1985: Decline in Trade Union Density
There was a notable decrease in trade union density in 1985, with the percentage of workers who were members of trade unions dropping to 49.5% from 57.3% in 1979.
January 1986: Ulster Says No Movement Protest
The Ulster Says No movement, led by Ian Paisley, organized a large-scale protest in January 1986 against the Anglo-Irish Agreement, reflecting the deep divisions and tensions surrounding Northern Ireland's governance.
April 1986: US Bombing of Libya
In April 1986, Thatcher allowed US F-111s to use RAF bases for the bombing of Libya in retaliation for the alleged Libyan bombing of a Berlin discothèque. This decision proved controversial, with polls showing limited public support.
1986: Reports of a Rift Between Thatcher and the Queen Surface
In 1986, rumors of a strained relationship between Thatcher and Queen Elizabeth II were leaked to the press, highlighting potential disagreements over Thatcher's policies.
1986: Single European Act
Margaret Thatcher supported the Single European Act of 1986, a significant step towards European integration.
1986: Deregulation of UK Financial Markets
Margaret Thatcher's government oversaw the deregulation of UK financial markets in 1986, a move that led to a significant economic boom known as the Big Bang.
1986: Establishment of Ofgas
Ofgas, a regulatory body, was formed in 1986 in response to the growing need for regulation following the privatization of various industries.
1986: The Big Bang
The Big Bang of 1986 brought significant deregulation to the London Stock Exchange, removing many restrictions to foster economic growth and enhance market flexibility.
1987: Thatcher's Historic Electoral Success
In 1987, Margaret Thatcher achieved a 'historic hat trick' by leading the Conservative Party to victory in three consecutive general elections, making her one of the most popular party leaders in British history.
1987: Thatcher Defines Political Philosophy
In 1987, during an interview published in Woman's Own magazine, Margaret Thatcher articulated her political philosophy, marking a significant and controversial departure from the one-nation conservatism of her predecessor, Edward Heath.
1987: Thatcher's Third Term as Prime Minister
Margaret Thatcher's political dominance continued as she was re-elected for a third term with another landslide victory in 1987.
1987: Thatcher Wins Third Consecutive Term in Snap Election
Thatcher's decision to call a snap election in 1987 paid off as she secured a historic third consecutive term as Prime Minister, a testament to her enduring popularity and the success of her economic policies.
1987: Thatcher's Growing Opposition to European Integration
Thatcher's opposition to further European integration intensified after her third government was elected in 1987, particularly due to her concerns about its potential impact on national sovereignty and her belief in smaller government.
November 1988: End of the Cold War
In November 1988, in response to Gorbachev's reforms and the thawing of Cold War tensions, Thatcher declared that "[w]e're not in a Cold War now".
1988: Bruges Speech
In 1988, Margaret Thatcher delivered her famous Bruges Speech, outlining her vision for Europe. In the speech, she expressed strong opposition to a federal Europe with centralized decision-making, arguing for a more limited role for the European Economic Community focused on free trade and competition.
1988: Thatcher Addresses Royal Society on Climate Change
Thatcher delivered a significant speech to the Royal Society in 1988, raising awareness about climate change and highlighting its potential impact.
July 1989: Geoffrey Howe Removed as Foreign Secretary
In July 1989, Margaret Thatcher removed Geoffrey Howe from his position as Foreign Secretary. This followed a clash over Britain's potential entry into the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM).
October 1989: Nigel Lawson's Resignation and Thatcher's Declining Popularity
Following the resignation of Chancellor Nigel Lawson in October 1989, Margaret Thatcher's popularity declined, consistently polling lower than her party. Despite this, as a self-described "conviction politician," she remained resolute in her policies, emphasizing her electoral successes.
December 1989: Conservative Party Leadership Challenge
Margaret Thatcher faced a leadership challenge within the Conservative Party from Sir Anthony Meyer in December 1989. She won comfortably, but the event highlighted some discontent within the party ranks.
1989: George H.W. Bush Becomes US President
George H.W. Bush succeeded Ronald Reagan as US President in 1989.
1989: Thatcher Calls for Global Treaty on Climate Change
In 1989, Thatcher called for a global treaty to address climate change, demonstrating her early recognition of the issue and her commitment to environmental protection.
1989: Controversial Poll Tax Introduced in Scotland
In 1989, Thatcher's government introduced the Community Charge, a flat-rate tax replacing local property taxes, in Scotland. The move sparked immediate controversy and set the stage for wider public discontent.
1989: Establishment of National Rivers Authority
The National Rivers Authority was established in 1989 as part of the expansion of regulatory bodies, aiming to oversee and manage water resources effectively.
March 1990: Chequers Seminar on German Reunification
In March 1990, Margaret Thatcher hosted a seminar at Chequers to discuss German reunification. During the seminar, she made controversial remarks about German national character, which were later leaked. These remarks drew widespread criticism, particularly for their insensitivity toward post-war Germany.
March 1990: Anti-Poll Tax Protests Turn Violent
Widespread public anger over the deeply unpopular Community Charge, or poll tax, culminated in a massive demonstration in London in March 1990. The protest descended into violence, leading to numerous injuries and arrests, and highlighting the strength of opposition to Thatcher's policies.
August 1990: Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
Thatcher was on a state visit to the US during the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990. She urged intervention and pressured President George H. W. Bush to deploy troops to the Middle East.
September 1990: Labour Takes Lead in Polls
In September 1990, opinion polls indicated that the Labour Party had established a significant lead over Thatcher's Conservatives. This, coupled with Thatcher's leadership style, further fueled discontent within her party.
October 1990: Britain Joins the ERM
Despite earlier resistance, Britain, under Thatcher's government, joined the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) in October 1990.
October 1990: Thatcher Agrees to Join the ERM
Despite her initial reluctance, Thatcher agreed to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) in October 1990, a decision that would later prove controversial.
November 1990: Geoffrey Howe's Resignation
In a significant political blow to Thatcher, Geoffrey Howe resigned as Deputy Prime Minister in November 1990, citing her stance on European monetary union. His subsequent resignation speech is considered a pivotal factor in Thatcher's eventual downfall.
1990: Resignation of Margaret Thatcher
After serving as Prime Minister for over a decade, Margaret Thatcher resigned from her position in 1990.
1990: Decline in Stoppages
By 1990, a decline in work stoppages was observed, with 630 stoppages recorded, leading to a loss of fewer than 2 million working days.
1990: Economic Changes Under Thatcher
By 1990, the number of adults owning shares increased from 7% to 25% during Thatcher's tenure. The sale of council houses and privatised utilities contributed to a rise in personal wealth and home ownership.
1990: Thatcher's Resignation
In 1990, Margaret Thatcher resigned from her position as Prime Minister, shortly after accepting arguments for the privatization of British Rail.
1990: Long-term Effects of Economic Policies
In 1990, the long-term effects of Thatcher's economic policies remained a contentious issue, with ongoing debates about their impact on manufacturing and unemployment.
1990: Environmental Protection Act
The Environmental Protection Act of 1990, a key piece of legislation for environmental protection, was passed, reflecting Thatcher's support for climate protection policies.
January 1991: Gulf War Begins
The Gulf War began on 17 January 1991, after Thatcher had resigned. She supported the coalition victory but cautioned that achieving lasting peace would take time.
1991: Thatcher's Successor Abolishes the Poll Tax
After facing immense pressure and public backlash, Thatcher's successor, John Major, abolished the highly unpopular Community Charge in 1991, marking a significant reversal of one of Thatcher's most contentious policies.
1991: Move to Chester Square
After leaving her position as Prime Minister, Thatcher and her husband moved to a house in Chester Square, Belgravia, London in 1991.
1991: Thatcher's Support for Croatian and Slovenian Independence
In 1991, amidst the Yugoslav Wars, Margaret Thatcher voiced strong support for the independence of Croatia and Slovenia. She criticized Western governments for not recognizing the breakaway republics and for failing to provide them with military aid against the Serbian-led Yugoslav Army.
1991: SAS Training of Cambodian Resistance
It was revealed in 1991 that, starting in 1983, Thatcher's government had allowed the SAS to secretly train armed forces of the Cambodian non-communist resistance against the Vietnamese-backed regime.
1991: Reflection on Powell's Speech
Years later, in a 1991 interview, Thatcher continued to express support for the points made by Enoch Powell in his controversial speech, though she acknowledged that his language was inflammatory.
April 1992: Conservative Party Victory in General Election
Following Thatcher's resignation, John Major led the Conservative Party to a fourth consecutive victory in the general election held on 9 April 1992. This victory came after a period of improved public support for the Conservatives.
July 1992: Thatcher Hired by Philip Morris
In July 1992, Margaret Thatcher was hired by tobacco company Philip Morris as a "geopolitical consultant," a move that sparked controversy.
August 1992: Thatcher Calls for NATO Intervention in Bosnia
In August 1992, Margaret Thatcher urged NATO to intervene in the Bosnian War, specifically to stop the Serbian assault on Goražde and Sarajevo. She condemned the ethnic cleansing taking place, comparing the situation in Bosnia-Herzegovina to the atrocities committed during Hitler's and Stalin's regimes.
1992: Retirement from the House of Commons and Peerage
After retiring from the House of Commons in 1992, Margaret Thatcher was given a life peerage as Baroness Thatcher, which granted her the right to sit in the House of Lords.
1992: Closure of 97 Coal Mines
By 1992, the Thatcher government had overseen the closure of a total of 97 coal mines, significantly impacting the coal industry and mining communities.
1992: Thatcher Assumes Chancellorship at University of Buckingham
In 1992, Margaret Thatcher began her tenure as chancellor of the University of Buckingham, a private institution she had officially inaugurated back in 1976 during her time as education secretary.
1992: Establishment of Margaret Thatcher Day in the Falkland Islands
Margaret Thatcher Day has been observed every January 10th since 1992 in the Falkland Islands, commemorating her visit to the islands in January 1983.
1992: Thatcher's Retirement from Parliament
Margaret Thatcher retired from the House of Commons at the 1992 general election, choosing to step down from her parliamentary career after her time as Prime Minister.
1992: Thatcher Backs Conservative Campaign
Margaret Thatcher showed her support for the Conservative Party's campaign during the 1992 general election, marking another instance of her active involvement in party politics even after stepping down as prime minister.
1992: Appointment to the House of Lords and Grant of Personal Coat of Arms
Thatcher was appointed to the House of Lords as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven in 1992. Subsequently, the College of Arms granted her the use of a personal coat of arms.
1993: Publication of 'The Downing Street Years'
Margaret Thatcher released her first memoir, "The Downing Street Years," in 1993, providing her perspective on her time as Prime Minister.
1993: Thatcher Becomes Honorary Chancellor of William & Mary
Margaret Thatcher took on the role of honorary chancellor at the College of William & Mary in Virginia in 1993, a position she held until 2000.
1993: Thatcher (1993, p. 23)
This fragment appears to be a citation referencing a work authored or published by Margaret Thatcher in 1993. Without further context, it is not possible to determine the specific event or topic referred to.
1994: Privatization of British Rail
British Rail was privatized in 1994 under the leadership of John Major, who succeeded Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister.
1994: Thatcher Praises Tony Blair's Leadership
Following Tony Blair's election as Labour Party leader in 1994, Margaret Thatcher offered rare praise for a political opponent. She recognized Blair's strength as a leader, even drawing a comparison to Hugh Gaitskell. However, she maintained her view that socialism was prevalent within the Labour Party, but made an exception for Blair, believing his shift away from socialist ideals to be genuine. Blair responded with mutual respect, acknowledging her determination as an admirable trait.
1994: Privatization of Remaining Coal Mines
Following the closure of numerous coal mines, the remaining mines were privatized in 1994 under Thatcher's successor, John Major.
1994: New Labour Rebranding
In 1994, Tony Blair rebranded the Labour Party as 'New Labour' to increase its appeal beyond traditional supporters and attract those who had supported Thatcher.
1995: Publication of 'The Path to Power'
In 1995, Thatcher published her second volume of memoirs, "The Path to Power," which focused on her journey to becoming Prime Minister.
1995: Appointment as Lady Companion of the Order of the Garter
In 1995, Thatcher received the highest order of chivalry, the Lady Companion of the Order of the Garter (LG), leading to a revision of her coat of arms.
1996: Cost of Trident Nuclear Programme
The Trident nuclear missile submarine system purchased by Thatcher from the US to replace Polaris would eventually cost over £12 billion (at 1996-97 prices).
1997: Thatcher's Opposition to Devolution
In 1997, Thatcher argued against Scottish devolution in The Scotsman, believing it would eventually lead to Scottish independence.
1997: Thatcher's Influence on Labour Party
In 1997, the Labour Party, under Tony Blair, returned to power, heavily influenced by Thatcherite policies. Blair's rebranding of the party as 'New Labour' was seen as one of Thatcher's greatest achievements.
1997: Thatcher Supports Conservatives in General Election
Margaret Thatcher continued to demonstrate her loyalty to the Conservative Party by supporting their campaign efforts during the 1997 general election. This ongoing support highlighted her enduring influence within the party.
1998: Thatcher Concludes Chancellorship at University of Buckingham
Margaret Thatcher's term as chancellor of the University of Buckingham came to an end in 1998.
1998: Ronald Reagan Freedom Award
Thatcher received the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award from the Reagan Presidential Foundation in 1998.
1998: Thatcher Calls for Pinochet's Release
When former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet was detained in Spain in 1998 on charges of human rights abuses, Margaret Thatcher made a public appeal for his release. She cited Pinochet's assistance to Britain during the Falklands War as a reason for her stance, sparking considerable debate.
1999: Time Magazine Recognition
In 1999, Time magazine named Margaret Thatcher one of the 100 most important people of the 20th century, reflecting her profound influence on global politics.
1999: Thatcher Visits Pinochet Under House Arrest
In a show of support, Margaret Thatcher visited Augusto Pinochet in 1999 while he was under house arrest near London. The visit further fueled the controversy surrounding Thatcher's stance on Pinochet and her willingness to overlook his alleged human rights violations.
March 2000: Pinochet Released on Medical Grounds
Augusto Pinochet, the former Chilean dictator, was granted release from house arrest in March 2000 due to medical reasons. This decision, made by Home Secretary Jack Straw, allowed Pinochet to return to Chile.
2000: Thatcher's Tenure as Honorary Chancellor Ends
Margaret Thatcher's time as the honorary chancellor of William & Mary concluded in 2000.
2001: Thatcher Supports Conservative Campaign
Margaret Thatcher maintained her support for the Conservative Party in the 2001 general election, continuing her pattern of backing the party as she had done in previous elections. In the wake of the party's loss and the ensuing leadership contest, she endorsed Iain Duncan Smith over Kenneth Clarke.
March 2002: Thatcher Withdraws from Public Speaking
Following a series of minor strokes, Margaret Thatcher's doctors advised her to cease public speaking engagements. In March 2002, she publicly announced that, on the recommendation of her medical team, she would be canceling all planned speaking events and would no longer accept any new engagements.
April 2002: "Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World" Published
Margaret Thatcher's book, "Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World," was published in April 2002. Dedicated to Ronald Reagan, the book articulated her vision of global politics. In it, Thatcher expressed her belief that achieving peace in the Middle East hinged on the removal of Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq. She also argued that Israel should prioritize land for peace and criticized the European Union as a utopian project destined to fail. Thatcher advocated for Britain to renegotiate its terms of EU membership or consider leaving altogether in favor of joining the North American Free Trade Area.
2002: The Falklands Play
In 2002, Ian Curteis's play, "The Falklands Play", featuring Patricia Hodge as Margaret Thatcher, remained unproduced for many years.
2002: Thatcher Among 100 Greatest Britons
In 2002, Margaret Thatcher was ranked highest among living persons in the BBC poll 100 Greatest Britons, highlighting her significant impact on British history.
2002: Thatcher Encourages Action Against Saddam Hussein
In 2002, echoing her hawkish stance on international affairs, Margaret Thatcher encouraged US President George W. Bush to take decisive action to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq, referring to it as "unfinished business." This perspective was consistent with her views expressed in her book "Statecraft."
June 2003: Sir Denis Thatcher Passes Away
Margaret Thatcher's husband, Sir Denis Thatcher, died in June 2003 at the age of 88. Following his death, his body was cremated in early July at Mortlake Crematorium in London.
June 2004: Thatcher Attends Reagan's Funeral
Margaret Thatcher, despite concerns about her health and against medical advice, made the trip to attend the state funeral of former US President Ronald Reagan in June 2004. Given her condition, her eulogy was pre-recorded months prior and played during the service. Thatcher joined the Reagan entourage in California, participating in the memorial services and interment ceremony at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.
2004: BBC Political Correspondent Assesses Thatcher's Impact on Unions
In 2004, a BBC political correspondent argued that Thatcher's policies had effectively neutralized the power of trade unions in the UK for a generation.
2005: Thatcher Critiques Blair's Iraq War Decision
In 2005, Margaret Thatcher publicly criticized Tony Blair's decision-making process in the lead-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. While she maintained her support for the intervention itself and the goal of removing Saddam Hussein from power, she expressed reservations about the handling of the situation. Drawing on her background as a scientist, she emphasized the importance of seeking out and thoroughly examining "facts, evidence, and proof" before committing military forces to such actions. This year also marked her 80th birthday, celebrated with a notable guest list including Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip, and Tony Blair.
2005: Carol Thatcher Reveals Mother's Dementia Diagnosis
In a public disclosure, Margaret Thatcher's daughter, Carol Thatcher, revealed in 2005 that her mother had been diagnosed with dementia. Carol shared that Thatcher's condition affected her ability to read due to memory loss.
2005: Closure of Margaret Thatcher Foundation's British Wing
The British wing of the Margaret Thatcher Foundation, established after she left office, was dissolved in 2005 due to financial difficulties.
2006: Patron of the Heritage Foundation and Establishment of the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom
In 2006, Thatcher was named a patron of the Heritage Foundation, where she established the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom.
2006: Thatcher Attends 9/11 Anniversary Service
Margaret Thatcher was present at the official memorial service in Washington, D.C., commemorating the fifth anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks. She attended as a guest of Vice President Dick Cheney, highlighting her enduring relationship with the United States. During her visit, she also had a meeting with Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.
February 2007: Thatcher Honored with Statue in Parliament
In a historic first, Margaret Thatcher became the only living British prime minister to be commemorated with a statue in the Houses of Parliament in February 2007. This honor placed her among the most esteemed figures in British political history. The bronze statue was positioned directly opposite a statue of her political idol, Winston Churchill, in the Members' Lobby of the House of Commons. During the unveiling ceremony, which Thatcher attended, she remarked, "I might have preferred iron—but bronze will do...It won't rust."
2007: Critics Challenge Thatcher's Reforms
In 2007, journalist Michael White questioned the net benefit of Thatcher's reforms in light of the 2007-08 financial crisis. Critics continued to view her policies as divisive.
March 2008: Thatcher Hospitalized for Tests
Margaret Thatcher experienced a health scare in March 2008 when she collapsed during a House of Lords dinner. The incident, attributed to low blood pressure, led to her admission to St. Thomas' Hospital in London for a series of tests and observation.
2008: The Long Walk to Finchley
Andrea Riseborough portrayed Margaret Thatcher in the 2008 TV film "The Long Walk to Finchley".
2008: Carol Thatcher Details Mother's Dementia Struggles
Carol Thatcher, in her 2008 memoir, provided further insights into her mother's battle with dementia. She wrote about the difficulties Thatcher faced, particularly her struggle to recall information, highlighting how she would often forget the beginning of a sentence before reaching the end. Carol also shared a poignant anecdote about Thatcher confusing events from the Falklands and Yugoslav conflicts, underscoring the impact of the illness on her cognitive abilities. Perhaps most heartbreaking was Carol's account of having to repeatedly remind her mother of her husband Denis's death, a painful consequence of the disease.
November 2009: Thatcher Returns to 10 Downing Street for Portrait Unveiling
Margaret Thatcher returned to 10 Downing Street, her former residence as prime minister, in November 2009 for a special occasion. The event marked the unveiling of her official portrait, painted by renowned artist Richard Stone, known for his previous commissions of Queen Elizabeth II and the Queen Mother. The unveiling of a portrait during a former prime minister's lifetime was an uncommon honor, signifying her significant impact and legacy.
2009: Thatcher Defends Economic Policies
In 2009, speaking in Scotland, Margaret Thatcher defended her introduction of the poll tax and the withdrawal of subsidies from declining industries. She criticized the 'culture of dependency' that she believed had harmed Britain.
2009: Margaret
Lindsay Duncan portrayed Margaret Thatcher in the 2009 film "Margaret", depicting her life and career.
July 2010: Thatcher's Last House of Lords Appearance
Margaret Thatcher's final appearance at a House of Lords session occurred in July 2010. Her presence that day marked the end of her active participation in the political arena.
2010: Review of Privatization by IEA
In 2010, the IEA conducted a review of the privatization policy, noting that the introduction of competition and effective regulation generally led to improved performance.
July 2011: Thatcher Unable to Attend Reagan Statue Unveiling
A statue of former US President Ronald Reagan was to be unveiled near the US Embassy in London in July 2011, and Margaret Thatcher had intended to attend the ceremony. However, her declining health prevented her from being present. Notably, this period also marked the closure of her office in the House of Lords. Despite this, an Ipsos MORI poll conducted earlier in the year named Thatcher the most capable British prime minister of the previous three decades.
2011: Fourth-Greatest British Prime Minister
In 2011, Margaret Thatcher was voted the fourth-greatest British prime minister of the 20th century in a poll of 139 academics organized by MORI.
2011: Financial Times Revelation
In 2011, the Financial Times reported that Thatcher's government had secretly supplied Saddam Hussein's Iraq with non-lethal military equipment since 1981.
2011: The Iron Lady
Meryl Streep played Margaret Thatcher in the 2011 film "The Iron Lady", which portrayed her struggle with declining health, including dementia.
December 2012: Thatcher Moves to Ritz Hotel Due to Health Issues
Due to increasing difficulty with the stairs at her Chester Square residence in Belgravia, Margaret Thatcher relocated to a suite at the Ritz Hotel in London in December 2012. This move marked a significant adjustment in her living arrangements, prompted by her declining health.
April 2013: Margaret Thatcher Passes Away
Margaret Thatcher died in April 2013 at the age of 87 after experiencing a stroke. She had been residing in a suite at the Ritz Hotel in London since December 2012 due to challenges navigating the stairs at her Chester Square home. Her death certificate cited "cerebrovascular accident" and "repeated transient ischaemic attack" as the primary causes, with "carcinoma of the bladder" and dementia listed as contributing factors.
April 2013: Death of Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Thatcher passed away in April 2013 at the age of 87.
2013: Thatcher's Policies and Scottish Devolution
In 2013, Scottish first minister Alex Salmond suggested that Thatcher's policies had unintentionally encouraged Scottish devolution. This sentiment was echoed by Lord Foulkes of Cumnock.
2013: Public Opinion After Thatcher's Death
In 2013, following Thatcher's death, a poll by The Guardian revealed that about half of the public viewed her positively while one third viewed her negatively.
2014: Death of Tony Bray
Tony Bray, Margaret Thatcher's first boyfriend, passed away in 2014.
2015: Most Influential Woman Poll
In 2015, a poll by Scottish Widows named Margaret Thatcher the most influential woman of the past 200 years, acknowledging her lasting impact on society.
2016: Woman's Hour Power List
In 2016, Thatcher topped BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Power List of women who had the biggest impact on female lives over the past 70 years.
2016: Second-Greatest Post-War Prime Minister
In 2016, a University of Leeds survey of academics specializing in post-1945 British history and politics voted Margaret Thatcher the second-greatest British prime minister after the Second World War.
2017: Revelation of Thatcher's Chemical Weapons Suggestion
It was revealed in 2017 that Thatcher had suggested threatening Saddam Hussein with chemical weapons following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
2019: Thatcher as Greatest Post-war Leader
In a 2019 YouGov poll, Margaret Thatcher was rated as Britain's greatest post-war leader, with 44% of Britons considering her a 'good' or 'great' prime minister.
2020: Time Magazine's 100 Women of the Year
In 2020, Time magazine included Margaret Thatcher in its list of 100 Women of the Year, recognizing her influence and legacy.
