History of Coretta Scott King in Timeline
Coretta Scott King was a prominent figure in the American civil rights movement. Married to Martin Luther King Jr., she actively championed African-American equality and played a key leadership role during the 1960s. Her activism extended beyond speeches, often incorporating music as a powerful tool to advocate for social justice. Her journey as an activist began in Boston, where she met her husband during their graduate studies, and together they became deeply involved in the fight for civil rights.
1904: Birth of Bernice McMurry Scott
Coretta Scott King's mother, Bernice McMurry Scott, was born in 1904.
1912: Racial Exclusion in Cumming, Georgia
The town of Cumming, Georgia, had a history of racial exclusion, with no African Americans residing there since 1912. This fact came to light during a controversy surrounding the filming of The Oprah Winfrey Show in Cumming in 1987, when eight civil rights activists were arrested for protesting the exclusion of African Americans.
1920: Death of Cora McLaughlin
Coretta Scott King's paternal grandmother, Cora McLaughlin, passed away in 1920.
1924: Birth of Edythe Scott Bagley
Coretta Scott King's older sister, Edythe Scott Bagley, was born in 1924.
April 27, 1927: Coretta Scott King's Birth
Coretta Scott King was born on April 27, 1927, in Heiberger, Alabama.
1930: Birth of Obadiah Leonard
Coretta Scott King's younger brother, Obadiah Leonard, was born in 1930.
1941: Death of Jefferson F. Scott
Coretta Scott King's paternal grandfather, Jefferson F. Scott, passed away in 1941.
1943: Edythe Scott Bagley Becomes First African American to Attend Antioch College on an Integrated Basis
In 1943, Edythe Scott Bagley, Coretta Scott King's sister, became the first African American to attend Antioch College on a fully integrated basis.
1945: Graduation from Lincoln Normal School
Coretta Scott graduated as valedictorian from Lincoln Normal School in 1945.
1950: Death of Martin van Buren McMurry
Coretta Scott King's maternal grandfather, Martin van Buren McMurry, passed away in 1950.
1952: Coretta Scott Meets Martin Luther King Jr.
Coretta Scott and Martin Luther King Jr. began dating in 1952. Their dates often involved conversations about politics and race.
June 18, 1953: Wedding of Coretta Scott and Martin Luther King Jr.
On June 18, 1953, Coretta Scott and Martin Luther King Jr. were married at her mother's house. In a departure from tradition, Coretta opted to omit the vow of obedience from the ceremony.
1953: Marriage to Martin Luther King Jr.
Coretta Scott married Martin Luther King Jr. in 1953.
1953: Engagement and Marriage Announcement
In 1953, Coretta Scott and Martin Luther King Jr. announced their engagement and upcoming marriage, facing some initial resistance from King's father. This period also highlights Coretta's musical talents as a soprano.
September 1, 1954: Martin Luther King Jr. Becomes Pastor and Coretta's Involvement at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
On September 1, 1954, Martin Luther King Jr. began working as the full-time pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. Coretta actively participated in church activities, teaching Sunday school and joining the choir, while also supporting her husband's growing role in the civil rights movement.
September 1954: Move to Montgomery and Involvement in the Bus Boycott
After completing her degree, Coretta moved to Montgomery, Alabama with Martin in September 1954. They became deeply involved in the Montgomery bus boycott, marking a turning point in their lives as they found themselves at the forefront of the civil rights movement.
March 6, 1955: Coretta's Captivating Performance at First Baptist Church
On March 6, 1955, Coretta captivated the audience with her performance at the First Baptist Church, demonstrating her musical talent and captivating stage presence.
November 17, 1955: Birth of Yolanda King
On November 17, 1955, Coretta and Martin Luther King Jr. welcomed their first child, Yolanda, into the world.
1955: Nixon's First Meeting with Martin Luther King Jr.
Richard Nixon first met Martin Luther King Jr. in 1955.
January 1956: Threats and Rumors During the Montgomery Bus Boycott
In January 1956, amidst the Montgomery bus boycott, Coretta faced numerous threats directed at Martin. Rumors were spread to undermine Martin's leadership. Despite the challenges, the Kings remained resolute in their commitment to nonviolent protest.
January 30, 1956: Bombing of King Home
On January 30, 1956, Coretta and Mary Lucy Williams, the wife of a Dexter congregation member, were in the King home when it was bombed. Despite the terrifying experience, Coretta remained calm and ensured the safety of herself and young Yolanda. Martin, upon returning home, bravely diffused the anger of his armed supporters, preventing further violence.
February 21, 1956: Return to Montgomery and Coretta's Advocacy for Civil Rights
On February 21, 1956, Coretta and Martin returned to Montgomery, demonstrating their commitment to the movement despite facing opposition. Coretta actively advocated for civil rights legislation, using her platform to push for change.
1957: Co-founding the Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy
In 1957, reflecting her commitment to peace and non-violent solutions, Coretta Scott King co-founded The Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (now known as Peace Action). This organization advocates against nuclear proliferation and for peaceful resolutions to international conflict.
April 25, 1958: Coretta's Powerful Concert in Birmingham
On April 25, 1958, Coretta held a significant concert at Peter High School Auditorium in Birmingham, Alabama. This concert served as a platform for Coretta to continue her professional career while also connecting with the audience on an emotional level, conveying messages of social change through her music.
September 3, 1958: Martin Luther King Jr.'s Arrest and Coretta's Visit to His Parents
On September 3, 1958, Coretta accompanied her husband, Martin Luther King Jr., and Ralph Abernathy to a courtroom where Martin was arrested. Weeks later, while visiting Martin's parents in Atlanta, Coretta learned that he had been stabbed. This event highlights the constant danger and uncertainty they faced.
September 20, 1958: Martin Luther King Jr. Stabbed
On September 20, 1958, Martin Luther King Jr. was stabbed while signing copies of his book. Coretta rushed to be by his side, demonstrating her unwavering support during this frightening time.
February 3, 1959: Five-Week Tour of India
On February 3, 1959, Coretta and Martin, along with Lawrence D. Reddick, embarked on a five-week tour of India, where they were invited to numerous engagements. Coretta's singing played a crucial role in captivating the crowds during their month-long stay.
March 10, 1959: Return to the United States
On March 10, 1959, Coretta and Martin Luther King Jr. returned to the United States after their impactful tour of India.
October 19, 1960: Martin Luther King Jr. Jailed and John F. Kennedy's Phone Call
On October 19, 1960, Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested. Fearing for his life, Coretta reached out to Sargent Shriver, ultimately leading to a phone call from presidential candidate John F. Kennedy expressing sympathy and concern. This event showcased Coretta's quick thinking and the growing national attention to their cause.
1960: Coretta Scott King's Influence in the 1960 Presidential Election
Coretta Scott King's phone conversation with John F. Kennedy during the 1960 presidential election is credited with mobilizing African-American voters.
April 1962: Coretta Attends Women Strike for Peace Conference
In April 1962, Coretta Scott King served as a delegate for the Women Strike for Peace Conference in Geneva, Switzerland.
March 28, 1963: Birth of Bernice King
On March 28, 1963, Coretta Scott King gave birth to her and Martin Luther King Jr.'s fourth child, Bernice King.
April 12, 1963: Martin Luther King Jr.'s Arrest and Coretta's Call to the Kennedys
Following Martin Luther King Jr.'s arrest on April 12, 1963, Coretta Scott King, following the advice of Wyatt Tee Walker, reached out to President John F. Kennedy. While she was able to speak with Robert F. Kennedy, the president redirected her call to the White House switchboard, a gesture interpreted as lacking sympathy.
November 1963: Coretta Participates in Women Strike for Peace March and Learns of JFK's Assassination
In early November 1963, Coretta Scott King participated in a Women Strike for Peace march in New York City, commemorating the organization's anniversary and the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Later that month, she and Martin Luther King Jr. received the news of President John F. Kennedy's assassination, initially believing he was only wounded. They watched in shock as Walter Cronkite confirmed the president's death.
1963: Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" Speech
Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech in 1963, an event that later led to copyright disputes.
July 16, 1964: Martin Luther King Jr.'s Letter to Boston University
On July 16, 1964, Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a letter to Boston University that would later be central to a legal dispute over his papers. The letter, deemed a binding charitable pledge, stated his intention to donate his papers to the university.
1964: Coretta Advocates for the Civil Rights Act and Speaks with Malcolm X
Coretta Scott King played an active role in advocating for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Notably, she had a conversation with Malcolm X just days before his assassination. Malcolm X clarified to her that his presence in Alabama wasn't intended to create difficulties for Martin Luther King Jr. but rather to highlight the alternatives to King's nonviolent approach, thereby compelling white people to appreciate King's methods even more.
1964: Time Magazine Recognition
In 1964, Time Magazine recognized Coretta Scott King's talent as a 'talented young soprano' when Martin Luther King Jr. was named 'Man of the Year'.
1964: Marital Discord and the Civil Rights Movement
In 1964, amidst the challenges of the Civil Rights Movement, a recorded dispute revealed the strain on Coretta and Martin Luther King Jr.'s marriage. Both expressed frustrations, highlighting the personal sacrifices made for the movement.
1964: Martin Luther King Jr. Receives the Nobel Peace Prize
Martin Luther King Jr. was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his non-violent resistance to racial segregation in the United States. It was after receiving this prestigious award that King stated his intention to have his papers housed at Boston University, a decision that would later be contested by Coretta Scott King.
1964: Passage of the Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, a landmark piece of legislation prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, was passed. Years later, Coretta Scott King would call for the amendment of this act to include protections for gays and lesbians, furthering the fight for equal rights.
March 26, 1965: Coretta's Father Joins March with the Kings
On March 26, 1965, Coretta Scott King's father joined her and Martin Luther King Jr. for a significant march that would later conclude in Montgomery. Witnessing the interracial crowd chanting for his son-in-law, he was deeply moved and called it "the greatest day in the whole history of America."
1965: Personal Struggles Amidst Activism
In 1965, Martin Luther King Jr. admitted to needing reminders of his wife's birthday and their anniversary, indicating the demanding nature of his activism. Coretta also faced difficulties, often arguing with him over the phone about family matters.
January 1966: Coretta Criticizes Sexism in the Civil Rights Movement
In January 1966, Coretta Scott King publicly criticized the sexism prevalent within the Civil Rights Movement. Writing in New Lady magazine, she highlighted the unacknowledged contributions of women, stating that while men predominantly held leadership positions, women served as the backbone of the entire movement. She also pointed out the limitations imposed on her own role by Martin Luther King Jr., who expected her to conform to traditional housewife expectations.
April 15, 1967: Speaking at Anti-Vietnam War March
On April 15, 1967, Coretta Scott King demonstrated her commitment to peace by speaking at a major anti-Vietnam War march in New York City. This event, organized by the Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, coincided with her husband, Martin Luther King Jr., delivering a similar message in San Francisco, highlighting their shared opposition to the war.
1967: Commencement of Gathering Martin Luther King Jr.'s Papers
Recognizing the historical significance of her husband's work, Coretta Scott King initiated the gathering of his papers in 1967, the year before his assassination. This foresight ensured the preservation of Martin Luther King Jr.'s writings and speeches, forming the foundation of The King Center's archives.
January 1968: Coretta Participates in Women Strike for Peace Protest in Washington, D.C.
In January 1968, Coretta Scott King joined over 5,000 women in Washington, D.C. for a Women Strike for Peace protest. Named the Jeannette Rankin Brigade in honor of the first woman elected to the House of Representatives, the demonstration reflected King's growing involvement in peace activism.
April 3, 1968: Martin Luther King Jr.'s Last Public Address
On April 3, 1968, the day before his assassination, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his final public address, reflecting on his and Coretta's visit to Israel and his vision of a Promised Land characterized by justice, equality, brotherhood, and peace.
April 4, 1968: Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was tragically assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Coretta Scott King received the devastating news from Jesse Jackson upon returning home from a shopping trip with her eldest daughter, Yolanda. The weight of the news was immense, and King faced the heartbreaking task of informing her children of their father's death. In the wake of the tragedy, she received an outpouring of condolences, including a particularly touching telegram from Lee Harvey Oswald's mother.
April 5, 1968: Coretta Retrieves MLK's Body and Makes Funeral Arrangements
On April 5, 1968, Coretta Scott King traveled to Memphis to retrieve her husband's body. Determined to have an open casket at the funeral, she hoped it would help her children grasp the finality of their father's passing. Recognizing the historical significance of the moment, she reached out to photographer Bob Fitch, with whom she had a longstanding relationship, and requested him to document the proceedings.
April 7, 1968: Richard Nixon Visits Coretta
On April 7, 1968, former Vice President Richard Nixon paid a visit to Coretta Scott King, offering his condolences and reminiscing about his first encounter with Martin Luther King Jr. back in 1955.
April 8, 1968: Coretta Leads March in Honor of MLK and Attends His Funeral
On April 8, 1968, Coretta Scott King, accompanied by her children, led a march in Memphis, honoring the sanitation workers' protest that Martin Luther King Jr. had planned to support before his assassination. Addressing the crowd gathered at the Civic Center Plaza, she emphasized the deep love Martin had for their children despite his frequent absences. In a poignant moment before the funeral, Jacqueline Kennedy offered her condolences to Coretta during a brief but comforting visit. Other notable figures present at the funeral included Robert and Ethel Kennedy, with Ethel receiving a heartfelt embrace from Coretta. Following the service, Coretta, her children, and mourners marched from the church to Morehouse College, Martin Luther King Jr.'s alma mater, marking a symbolic end to the solemn occasion.
April 9, 1968: Nixon Attends MLK's Funeral
Richard Nixon attended Martin Luther King Jr.'s funeral on April 9, 1968, but chose not to participate in the procession, deeming it inappropriate "grandstanding."
April 27, 1968: Coretta Speaks at Anti-War Demonstration
On April 27, 1968, Coretta Scott King delivered a powerful speech at an anti-war demonstration in Central Park, New York, taking the place of her late husband. Drawing on his notes and his "Ten Commandments on Vietnam," she passionately advocated for peace and condemned the Vietnam War.
June 5, 1968: Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
Tragedy struck again on June 5, 1968, when Robert F. Kennedy was fatally shot after winning the California primary for the Democratic presidential nomination. His death, just two months after Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination, deeply saddened Coretta.
June 8, 1968: James Earl Ray's Arrest Announced During RFK's Funeral
As Coretta Scott King attended Robert F. Kennedy's funeral on June 8, 1968, the Justice Department announced the arrest of James Earl Ray in connection with Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination.
December 1968: Coretta's Call for Women's Unity and Action
In a powerful speech on Solidarity Day in December 1968, Coretta Scott King issued a call to action for women to unite and combat the "three great evils": racism, poverty, and war. Her words marked an expansion of her activism beyond civil rights to encompass a broader spectrum of social justice issues.
1968: Coretta Scott King's Perspective on Motherhood and Discrimination
Coretta Scott King was acutely aware of the challenges her children would face growing up in a society rife with discrimination. She didn't shy away from voicing her concerns and disagreements with her husband when it came to their family's financial well-being.
1968: Commemorative Services Begin
Following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968, Coretta Scott King began attending a yearly commemorative service at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta on his birthday, January 15. This practice reflected her commitment to honoring his legacy and continuing his work.
1968: Establishment of The King Center
In 1968, driven by her commitment to preserving and promoting her husband's legacy, Coretta Scott King founded The King Center. This institution stands as a testament to Martin Luther King Jr.'s vision of a more just and equitable world, housing his papers and promoting his teachings of non-violence and social change.
1968: Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968, after which Coretta Scott King took on a leading role in the fight for racial equality.
January 1969: Coretta's Trip to India and Historic Sermon at St. Paul's Cathedral
In January 1969, Coretta Scott King embarked on a trip to India with Bernita Bennette. During a stopover in Verona, Italy, King was honored with the Universal Love Award, becoming the first non-Italian recipient. Continuing her journey to London, she made history by delivering a sermon at St. Paul's Cathedral, marking the first time a woman had preached at a regularly scheduled service in the cathedral's history.
October 15, 1969: Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam Demonstration
On October 15, 1969, Coretta Scott King took a leading role in the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam demonstration in Washington D.C. She led a crowd down Pennsylvania Avenue, past the White House, carrying candles and delivered a speech denouncing the Vietnam War.
1970: Establishment of Coretta Scott King Book Award
The American Library Association established the Coretta Scott King Book Award in 1970 to honor outstanding African-American authors and illustrators of children's literature.
1972: Advocacy for a National Holiday
In 1972, Coretta Scott King advocated for the establishment of a national holiday to honor an African American, suggesting Martin Luther King Jr. as the most deserving candidate. This early effort contributed to the eventual creation of Martin Luther King Jr. Day.
1973: Attendance at Lyndon B. Johnson's Funeral
Coretta Scott King attended the state funeral of former President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1973, signifying her close relationship with the Johnson family.
July 25, 1978: Defense of Andrew Young
Coretta Scott King held a press conference on July 25, 1978, to defend then-Ambassador Andrew Young's controversial remarks about political prisoners in the United States. This act demonstrated her commitment to supporting individuals who faced criticism for their stance on social justice issues.
1978: Lucretia Mott Award
Coretta Scott King received the first Lucretia Mott Award from Women's Way in 1978, recognizing her dedication to the advancement of women and justice.
January 14, 1979: Appeal for Martin Luther King Jr. Day
On January 14, 1979, during the annual service commemorating Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday, Atlanta attorney Murray M. Silver made a compelling plea for the establishment of a national holiday in King's honor. Coretta Scott King later acknowledged the effectiveness of Silver's appeal, which contributed to the eventual recognition of Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal holiday.
September 19, 1979: Visit to Lady Bird Johnson
Coretta Scott King visited the Lyndon B. Johnson ranch on September 19, 1979, to meet with Lady Bird Johnson, the former First Lady.
September 29, 1980: CNN Commentator Announcement
On September 29, 1980, Ted Turner announced Coretta Scott King's signing as a commentator for CNN. This marked a significant step in her career as a public figure and advocate.
1981: Funding and Construction of The King Center Complex
Through Coretta Scott King's tireless fundraising efforts, securing support from both the private and public sectors, the complex housing The King Center was completed in 1981. This milestone marked a significant step in establishing a permanent institution dedicated to preserving and promoting Martin Luther King Jr.'s legacy.
1982: Nelson Mandela's Transfer to Pollsmoor Prison
In 1982, Nelson Mandela was moved from Robben Island to Pollsmoor Prison. This event occurred before Coretta Scott King's visit to South Africa in 1986, during which she advocated for Mandela's release and drew parallels between the Civil Rights Movement and the struggle against apartheid.
August 1983: Advocacy for LGBTQ+ Inclusion in Civil Rights Act
In August 1983, Coretta Scott King demonstrated her commitment to equality for all by advocating for the amendment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. She urged for the inclusion of gays and lesbians as a protected class, extending the fight for civil rights to encompass LGBTQ+ individuals.
August 26, 1983: Declining to Endorse Jesse Jackson
On August 26, 1983, Coretta Scott King chose not to endorse Jesse Jackson's presidential campaign, believing in the importance of supporting a candidate who could defeat Ronald Reagan. She also expressed her belief that her late husband would not have pursued the presidency.
November 2, 1983: Establishment of Martin Luther King Jr. Day
Due to Coretta Scott King's efforts, legislation was signed on November 2, 1983, establishing Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a national holiday.
1983: Four Freedoms Award and NAACP Key of Life Award
In 1983, Coretta Scott King received the Four Freedoms Award for Freedom of Worship and the NAACP's Key of Life award.
1984: Controversy Surrounding Martin Luther King Jr. Day Merchandise
In 1984, Coretta Scott King faced criticism from some, including Hosea Williams, a former colleague of Martin Luther King Jr., for authorizing merchandise related to the newly established Martin Luther King Jr. Day. While some viewed it as exploitation, King defended the merchandise as a way to authentically celebrate her husband's legacy and message.
June 26, 1985: Anti-Apartheid Protest and Arrest
Coretta Scott King, along with her daughter Bernice and son Martin Luther King III, were arrested on June 26, 1985, for participating in an anti-apartheid protest at the South African Embassy in Washington, D.C. This event exemplified her unwavering commitment to social justice and her willingness to engage in civil disobedience to bring about change.
1985: Meeting with Boston University President Regarding Martin Luther King Jr.'s Papers
In 1985, Coretta Scott King met with John R. Silber, the President of Boston University, to discuss the ownership of Martin Luther King Jr.'s papers. This meeting, marked by disagreement over the documents' rightful home, would precede the legal battle that ensued between King and the university.
September 9, 1986: Cancellation of Meetings with South African Leaders
On September 9, 1986, during her trip to South Africa, Coretta Scott King canceled scheduled meetings with President P.W. Botha and Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi. This decision was made in solidarity with anti-apartheid leaders who threatened to boycott her if she met with the government officials.
September 1986: Trip to South Africa and Meeting with Anti-Apartheid Leaders
Coretta Scott King embarked on a 10-day trip to South Africa in September 1986, a nation grappling with the injustices of apartheid. During her visit, she met with prominent anti-apartheid figures, including Allan Boesak and Winnie Mandela, expressing her support for their struggle against racial segregation.
September 27, 1986: Speaking at the Human Rights Campaign Fund Gala
On September 27, 1986, shortly after the Supreme Court's decision in Bowers v. Hardwick, Coretta Scott King showed her support for the LGBTQ+ community by speaking at the Human Rights Campaign Fund Gala in New York. She expressed solidarity with the gay and lesbian movement, recognizing their contributions to the civil rights movement.
1986: Martin Luther King Jr. Day Established
Coretta Scott King's years of dedicated advocacy for a national holiday honoring her husband came to fruition in 1986 when Martin Luther King Jr. Day was declared a federal holiday.
1986: Letter Against Jeff Sessions' Nomination
In 1986, Coretta Scott King wrote a letter to Senator Strom Thurmond opposing Jeff Sessions' nomination for a federal judgeship, arguing that he used his position to suppress Black voters' rights.
February 9, 1987: Outrage Over Cumming Arrests
Coretta Scott King expressed outrage over the February 9, 1987, arrests of eight civil rights activists in Cumming, Georgia. The arrests occurred during a protest against the exclusion of African Americans from the filming of The Oprah Winfrey Show in the town, which had a history of racial segregation. King called for a meeting between the activists and Georgia Governor Joe Frank Harris to find a just resolution to the situation.
December 1987: Lawsuit Against Boston University Regarding Martin Luther King Jr.'s Papers
In December 1987, Coretta Scott King initiated a lawsuit against her late husband's alma mater, Boston University, over the ownership of a vast collection of his documents. King believed the documents rightfully belonged to The King Center archives, while the university claimed possession based on an earlier agreement with Martin Luther King Jr.
1987: Candace Award for Distinguished Service
She was honored with the Candace Award for Distinguished Service by the National Coalition of 100 Black Women in 1987.
March 8, 1989: Lecture at the University of San Diego
On March 8, 1989, Coretta Scott King delivered a lecture to hundreds of students at the University of San Diego, focusing on the civil rights movement and its enduring legacy.
January 17, 1992: President Bush Visits King Center
On January 17, 1992, President George H. W. Bush paid tribute to Martin Luther King Jr. by laying a wreath at his tomb. Coretta Scott King met with Bush at the King Center, praising his support for the holiday honoring her late husband.
1992: King Family Lawsuit Against California Auction House
In 1992, the King family, led by Coretta Scott King, initiated legal action against a California auction house for attempting to sell a document they claimed was stolen property. This lawsuit underscored the family's commitment to protecting Martin Luther King Jr.'s legacy.
January 17, 1993: Opposition to U.S. Missile Attack on Iraq
On January 17, 1993, Coretta Scott King publicly expressed her disapproval of the U.S. missile attack on Iraq and called for peace protests in response.
February 16, 1993: Praise for FBI Director William S. Sessions
Coretta Scott King visited FBI Headquarters on February 16, 1993, and delivered a speech praising FBI Director William S. Sessions for his efforts to reform the agency and distance it from the abuses of J. Edgar Hoover's era. King commended Sessions for promoting diversity within the FBI and his support for civil rights.
May 6, 1993: Court Ruling on Martin Luther King Jr.'s Papers
On May 6, 1993, a court ruled against Coretta Scott King's claim to her husband's papers, which were in possession of Boston University. The court determined that a 1964 letter from Martin Luther King Jr. to the university constituted a binding charitable pledge.
January 17, 1994: Message Against Violence
On January 17, 1994, the 65th anniversary of Martin Luther King Jr.'s birth, Coretta Scott King delivered a message emphasizing the importance of nonviolence, stating that no injustice could justify violence against another person.
1994: Dexter King's Second Term as King Center President
In 1994, Dexter Scott King assumed the role of president of the King Center for the second time. This allowed Coretta Scott King more time to focus on writing, addressing important issues, and spending quality time with her parents.
1994: USA Today Settlement
USA Today paid the King family $10,000 in legal fees, court costs, and a $1,700 licensing fee in 1994 for using Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech without permission.
January 1995: Defense of Qubilah Shabazz
When Qubilah Shabazz, daughter of Malcolm X, was indicted in January 1995 on charges related to an alleged plot to kill Louis Farrakhan, Coretta Scott King came to her defense. Speaking at Riverside Church in Harlem, King argued that the federal prosecution was politically motivated and aimed at tarnishing Malcolm X's legacy.
October 12, 1995: Remarks on the O.J. Simpson Case
During a speech at Soka University in Aliso Viejo, California, on October 12, 1995, Coretta Scott King addressed the O. J. Simpson murder case, expressing her belief that it would not have a lasting impact on race relations.
January 24, 1996: Call for a New Revolution
Coretta Scott King delivered a 40-minute speech at Loyola University's Lake Shore campus in Rogers Park on January 24, 1996. In her address, she called upon the audience to continue the fight for freedom and lead America towards a new revolution.
November 1996: Lawsuit Against CBS
The King estate filed a lawsuit against CBS in November 1996 for copyright infringement. CBS had aired excerpts of Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech without obtaining proper licensing or paying fees.
1996: Death of Bernice McMurry Scott
Coretta Scott King's mother, Bernice McMurry Scott, passed away in 1996.
June 1, 1997: Support for Betty Shabazz
Coretta Scott King donated $5,000 to a rehabilitation fund for Betty Shabazz, the widow of Malcolm X, after Shabazz suffered severe burns in a fire at her home on June 1, 1997. This act of generosity demonstrated the strong bond between the two women who shared the experience of losing their husbands to assassination.
June 23, 1997: Death of Betty Shabazz
Betty Shabazz, a close friend of Coretta Scott King and widow of Malcolm X, died on June 23, 1997, from complications caused by burns sustained in a fire at her home three weeks prior.
1997: Golden Plate Award
In 1997, she was awarded the Golden Plate Award by the American Academy of Achievement.
March 31, 1998: Speech at Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund Anniversary
On March 31, 1998, during the 25th anniversary luncheon of the Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Coretta Scott King addressed the importance of LGBTQ+ rights. She emphasized that fighting injustice anywhere is essential for achieving justice everywhere, connecting the struggle for LGBTQ+ equality to the broader fight for civil rights.
April 1, 1998: Call for Unity Against Homophobia
On April 1, 1998, at the Palmer House Hilton in Chicago, Coretta Scott King delivered a powerful message against homophobia. She called on the civil rights community to combat anti-gay bias, linking it to other forms of bigotry that dehumanize and threaten justice for all.
April 8, 1998: Meeting with Attorney General Janet Reno
On April 8, 1998, four days after the 30th anniversary of Martin Luther King Jr.'s death, Coretta Scott King met with Attorney General Janet Reno at the Justice Department. This meeting was requested by President Bill Clinton.
July 29, 1998: Meeting with Justice Department Officials
Coretta Scott King and her son Dexter met with Justice Department officials on July 29, 1998, to discuss the process of investigating the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
October 2, 1998: Lawsuit Against Loyd Jowers
On October 2, 1998, the King family filed a lawsuit against Loyd Jowers after he publicly claimed to have been paid to hire an assassin to kill Martin Luther King Jr.
1998: Death of Obadiah Scott
Coretta Scott King's father, Obadiah Scott, passed away in 1998.
November 16, 1999: Testimony in King Assassination Trial
On November 16, 1999, Coretta Scott King testified in the trial against Loyd Jowers, stating her belief that while James Earl Ray may have been involved, he did not act alone in her husband's assassination. She called for a national commission to investigate the assassination.
1999: Victory in Wrongful Death Lawsuit
In 1999, the King family won a lawsuit against Loyd Jowers, who claimed to have been involved in Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination. The jury's verdict recognized King as a victim of a murder conspiracy, offering a degree of closure to the family.
April 4, 2000: Visit to Martin Luther King Jr.'s Grave and Advocacy for a Monument
On April 4, 2000, Coretta Scott King, accompanied by her children and sister-in-law, visited Martin Luther King Jr.'s grave. She also advocated for the construction of a monument in Washington, D.C., to honor her husband's legacy as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement.
November 9, 2000: Address at the Creating Change Conference
On November 9, 2000, Coretta Scott King reiterated her commitment to LGBTQ+ rights at the 13th annual Creating Change Conference. Her presence at this event, organized by the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, underscored her belief in inclusivity and justice for all, regardless of sexual orientation.
2000: Martin Luther King Jr. Day Observed in All 50 States
By 2000, Martin Luther King Jr. Day was officially observed in all 50 states. The first observance after Coretta Scott King's death was marked by speeches, visits to their tomb, and the opening of a collection of Martin Luther King Jr.'s papers.
2003: Opposition to Capital Punishment and the Iraq War
Coretta Scott King remained a vocal advocate for peace and social justice throughout her life. In 2003, she publicly opposed both capital punishment and the United States' invasion of Iraq, demonstrating her ongoing commitment to non-violence and human rights.
2003: Inclusion of LGBTQ+ Groups in March on Washington Anniversary
In a significant step towards inclusivity, Coretta Scott King invited the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force to participate in the 40th anniversary observances of the March on Washington and Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech in 2003. This marked the first time an LGBTQ+ rights organization was included in a major event commemorating the Civil Rights Movement, highlighting the intersectionality of social justice movements.
2004: Gandhi Peace Prize
Coretta Scott King received the prestigious Gandhi Peace Prize from the Indian government in 2004.
April 2005: Coretta Scott King Diagnosed with Heart Condition
In April 2005, just a month after her impactful speech in Selma commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Selma Voting Rights Movement, Coretta Scott King was diagnosed with a heart condition. This marked the beginning of a series of health challenges for her.
August 2005: Coretta Scott King Suffers Stroke
In August 2005, Coretta Scott King suffered a stroke that caused paralysis on her right side and left her unable to speak.
August 16, 2005: Coretta Scott King Hospitalized
Coretta Scott King was hospitalized on August 16, 2005, after suffering a stroke and a mild heart attack. This event significantly impacted her health, affecting her speech and mobility.
September 22, 2005: Coretta Scott King Released from Hospital
On September 22, 2005, Coretta Scott King was released from Piedmont Hospital in Atlanta after showing signs of recovery from her stroke and heart attack. She continued her physiotherapy at home.
2005: Coretta Scott King Center Founded
In 2005, Coretta Scott King gave Antioch College permission to use her name to establish the Coretta Scott King Center. The center serves as a resource for experiential learning, addressing race, class, gender, diversity, and social justice.
January 14, 2006: Coretta Scott King's Final Public Appearance
On January 14, 2006, Coretta Scott King made her last public appearance in Atlanta, attending a dinner in honor of her late husband, Martin Luther King Jr.
January 26, 2006: Coretta Scott King Admitted to Rehabilitation Center
Coretta Scott King checked into a rehabilitation center in Rosarito Beach, Mexico on January 26, 2006, to seek treatment for her stroke and advanced ovarian cancer.
January 30, 2006: Coretta Scott King's Death
Coretta Scott King passed away on January 30, 2006.
February 7, 2006: Coretta Scott King's Funeral
Coretta Scott King's funeral took place on February 7, 2006, at the New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in Lithonia, Georgia. The eight-hour service was attended by dignitaries, including multiple former U.S. presidents, and celebrated her life and legacy.
August 31, 2006: House Resolution 655 Honoring Coretta Scott King
On August 31, 2006, the United States House of Representatives passed House Resolution 655 to honor the legacy of Coretta Scott King, allowing a five-day grace period for additional comments.
November 20, 2006: Coretta Scott King Laid to Rest Beside Martin Luther King Jr.
On November 20, 2006, Coretta Scott King was laid to rest beside her husband, Martin Luther King Jr., in a newly unveiled sarcophagus at the King Center in Atlanta. This marked the fulfillment of her wish to be buried next to her husband.
2006: Creation of Coretta Scott King Forest
The Jewish National Fund announced the creation of the Coretta Scott King forest in Israel's Galilee region in 2006 to honor her legacy of equality and peace.
2007: Coretta Scott King Center Opens
The Coretta Scott King Center, established at Antioch College to honor Coretta Scott King's legacy of social justice advocacy, officially opened its doors in 2007.
2007: Opening of Coretta Scott King Young Women's Leadership Academy
The Coretta Scott King Young Women's Leadership Academy (CSKYWLA), a public school in Atlanta, Georgia, opened in 2007, initially serving girls in grade 6 and aiming to expand to grade 12 by 2014.
2009: Induction into Alabama Women's Hall of Fame
Coretta Scott King was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 2009.
2011: Death of Edythe Scott Bagley
Coretta Scott King's older sister, Edythe Scott Bagley, passed away in 2011.
2011: Induction into National Women's Hall of Fame
In 2011, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.
2012: Death of Obadiah Leonard
Coretta Scott King's younger brother, Obadiah Leonard, passed away in 2012.
2014: Planned Expansion of CSKYWLA
The Coretta Scott King Young Women's Leadership Academy had plans to expand to include grade 12 by 2014.
February 7, 2017: Senate Censure of Elizabeth Warren
On February 7, 2017, Senator Elizabeth Warren was censured by the Senate for quoting Coretta Scott King's 1986 letter criticizing Jeff Sessions during the debate on his nomination for Attorney General.
January 2023: Unveiling of "The Embrace" Sculpture
"The Embrace," a sculpture honoring Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King, was unveiled in Boston in January 2023. The sculpture depicts their intertwined arms, symbolizing their embrace after he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
2027: Sealing of Ronald Reagan's Papers
President Ronald Reagan's papers, containing information about Martin Luther King Jr., were sealed until the year 2027. This fact was revealed during a nationally televised conference, where Reagan's remark about knowing in "35 years" whether King was a communist sympathizer caused controversy. Reagan later apologized to Coretta Scott King for his remark.
