The Epstein files are a vast collection of documents, images, videos, and emails related to the activities of Jeffrey Epstein, a convicted sex offender, and his associates. These files, stored in the FBI's Sentinel system, include evidence from criminal cases against Epstein, his contact book, flight logs of his private planes, and various court documents. The files also shed light on Epstein's extensive network of public figures, politicians, and celebrities. The Epstein estate, managed by Darren Indyke and Richard Kahn, also holds many of these records.
Warren Buffett addressed the Epstein files' impact on his relationship with Bill Gates. Buffett doesn't regret Gates Foundation donations despite the scandal. He hasn't spoken to Gates since the scandal unfolded.
In 1996, Maria Farmer reported to the FBI that Epstein had stolen naked photos she had of her underage siblings, but she says that she did not hear back.
A second book of contacts, sometimes referred to as "Epstein's other little black book", was published by Business Insider in 2021, and is dated October 1997.
Following an investigation, the FBI identified at least 35 girls with a similar history between 2002 and 2005 to the stepdaughter who had been taken to Epstein's home and paid to strip and massage Epstein.
In 2002, Donald Trump described Jeffrey Epstein as a "terrific guy" in an interview with New York magazine, noting their shared interest in "beautiful women" who were often "on the younger side."
In 2018, the Miami Herald published an article interviewing victims between 2002 and 2005 who shared their experiences with Epstein. Virginia Giuffre alleged that Epstein had been operating a trafficking ring.
The emails from Epstein's Yahoo account obtained by Bloomberg News spanned from 2002 through 2022.
The media coverage prompted New York federal prosecutors to reexamine the case and investigate potential additional Epstein offences between 2002 and 2005.
In 2003, Donald Trump contributed a letter to Jeffrey Epstein's 50th birthday album. The Wall Street Journal reported the letter contained suggestive content, which Trump denied writing.
In 2004, Donald Trump outbid Jeffrey Epstein on an oceanfront mansion in Palm Beach, Florida, which was one of the reasons that contributed to the cooling of their relationship in the early 2000s.
The Yahoo account obtained by Bloomberg News was most active from October 2005 through August 2008.
Following an investigation, the FBI identified at least 35 girls with a similar history between 2002 and 2005 to the stepdaughter who had been taken to Epstein's home and paid to strip and massage Epstein.
In 2005, a former employee took Epstein's 97-page "black book" from his home and later tried to sell it.
In 2018, the Miami Herald published an article interviewing victims between 2002 and 2005 who shared their experiences with Epstein. Virginia Giuffre alleged that Epstein had been operating a trafficking ring.
The media coverage prompted New York federal prosecutors to reexamine the case and investigate potential additional Epstein offences between 2002 and 2005.
In February 2006, during a meeting with prosecutors, Alan Dershowitz, characterized Epstein's accusers as "self-described prostitutes" who "don't feel harmed." These notes were taken by Dershowitz's research assistant.
In 2006, Alan Dershowitz was part of the legal team that negotiated a non-prosecution agreement for Jeffrey Epstein.
In 2006, the FBI began investigating Epstein following reports that he had been paying underage girls for sex in his Florida mansion.
In October 2007, Donald Trump revoked Jeffrey Epstein's membership at Mar-a-Lago.
In 2007, federal prosecutors prepared a draft indictment consisting of 32 counts against Epstein and two of his employees for enticement of minors and sex trafficking. However, a deal allowed Epstein to avoid federal prosecution.
Les Wexner, the billionaire business magnate who employed Epstein as a money manager, has said he severed ties with Epstein in 2007.
In February 2008, crisis strategist Merrie Spaeth prepared draft public apology letters for Epstein and coached him on communication techniques.
The Yahoo account obtained by Bloomberg News was most active from October 2005 through August 2008, after which there were significant gaps following Epstein's incarceration.
In 2008, Epstein was indicted and pleaded guilty to soliciting a 17 year old minor for prostitution. He was registered as a sex offender and sentenced to 18 months in prison.
In 2008, Epstein's former attorney David Schoen helped negotiate a plea deal. He supported the administration's account that further disclosure was unnecessary.
The release detailed Epstein's associations with numerous prominent individuals. The documents further illustrated how Epstein's relationships with powerful figures persisted even after he became a convicted sex offender in 2008, contradicting or undermining years of public denials from some associates.
Al Seckel mentioned Epstein's mug shot on Wikipedia after Epstein was released from jail in July 2009.
In August 2009, an email from a redacted address revealed Prime Minister Gordon Brown's pseudonym, "John Pond", along with Brown's secure email address.
In 2009, Mira Nair, the mother of New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani, had contact with Ghislaine Maxwell, as revealed by an email that emerged in February 2026, leading to protests.
In a late 2010 email, Al Seckel mentioned Epstein's mug shot on Wikipedia, and that he was trying to replace it with a friendly picture of Epstein and remove the term "sex offender" from Epstein's article on Wikipedia.
On November 12, 2011, an email from Epstein to Maxwell referred to Trump as "the dog that hasn't barked" because Trump had "spent hours at my house" with a victim.
One of the women told prosecutors that in 2011 or 2012, Epstein had told her to give massages to two men, and that one of the men tried to sexually assault her and the other man "forced her to touch his genitals and then raped [her]."
In 2012, Joanna Rubinstein visited Epstein's private island, a fact that came to light in February 2026, leading to her resignation.
One of the women told prosecutors that in 2011 or 2012, Epstein had told her to give massages to two men, and that one of the men tried to sexually assault her and the other man "forced her to touch his genitals and then raped [her]."
In 2014, the documents revealed that Epstein had befriended Sergei Belyakov.
At the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference, Donald Trump brought up a connection between Jeffrey Epstein and Bill Clinton.
In 2015, Gawker published a redacted version of "Epstein's black book".
In 2015, a defamation case was filed against Ghislaine Maxwell, the documents for which were ordered to be unsealed in December 2023.
In 2018, the Miami Herald published an article critiquing Epstein's plea deal and sentence as lenient. The article interviewed victims who shared their experiences with Epstein between 2002 and 2005. Virginia Giuffre alleged that Epstein had been operating a trafficking ring.
In July 2019, Epstein was arrested on charges of sex trafficking minors between 2002 and 2005 in New York and Florida.
On December 19, 2019, an 86-page memo called "Investigation into Potential Co-Conspirators of Jeffrey Epstein" was sent to US Attorney Geoffrey Berman. The memo contains statements of women who reported being abused by Epstein.
Emails from 2019 show that shortly after Epstein's 2019 arrest, FBI agents discussed contacting Ghislaine Maxwell and 9 other alleged co-conspirators to serve them with grand jury summonses.
Following Jeffrey Epstein's death in 2019, conspiracy theories spread widely, including accusations of a "client list", blackmail, and murder by clients.
In 2019, an unredacted version of Epstein's black book was released on 8chan.
In 2021, Business Insider published "Epstein's other little black book," dated October 1997.
The flaw was traced back to a 2021 court filing by the Virgin Islands attorney general's office in a civil racketeering case, which the Justice Department had incorporated into its release.
In 2022, Jean-Luc Brunel, a French model agent with longtime ties to Epstein who faced rape charges in France, died by suicide in a French jail.
The emails from Epstein's Yahoo account obtained by Bloomberg News spanned from 2002 through 2022.
In December 2023, New York judge Loretta Preska ordered the unsealing of documents from the 2015 defamation case against Ghislaine Maxwell, setting a January 1, 2024, deadline for appeals.
January 1, 2024, marked the deadline for appeals regarding the unsealing of documents from the 2015 defamation case against Ghislaine Maxwell. The court documents released in January 2024, contained little information that was not already public knowledge.
In January 2024, court documents from the 2015 defamation case against Ghislaine Maxwell were released, containing little information not already publicly known. Individuals mentioned included Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor, former presidents Bill Clinton and Donald Trump, former New Mexico governor Bill Richardson, lawyer Alan Dershowitz, singer Michael Jackson, and physicist Stephen Hawking.
In January 2024, court documents from the Ghislaine Maxwell defamation case were unsealed, though they contained little information not already publicly known.
In January 2024, court documents were unsealed, revealing little new information. They mentioned model scout Jean-Luc Brunel, who had died by suicide in 2022 while under investigation.
In June 2024, at the Turning Point Action convention, Donald Trump Jr. accused the Biden administration of keeping the Epstein list secret to protect pedophiles. Also, in June 2024, during an interview with Fox News, Donald Trump responded affirmatively when asked whether he would declassify them, and the clip was shared by an official Trump campaign account on Twitter. However, Trump later said he was not sure because "you don't want to affect people's lives if it's phony stuff in there, because it's a lot of phony stuff with that whole world".
In September 2024, during an interview with Lex Fridman, Donald Trump stated he would have "no problem" releasing additional Epstein files and would "probably" make the client list public.
During the 2024 U.S. presidential election campaign, Donald Trump and his allies pledged to release files related to Jeffrey Epstein held by the federal government.
In 2024, during his presidential campaign, Donald Trump floated the idea of releasing the Epstein files. He later claimed that controversies surrounding the files were fabricated by the Democratic Party.
In February 2025, Attorney General Pam Bondi announced she was reviewing Epstein-related material at President Trump's direction, and the FBI undertook an extensive review of approximately 100,000 records.
In February 2025, a data engineer using the pseudonym "Eric Keller" launched EpsteinExposed, an online database that shows the relationships between people named in the Epstein files.
On February 21, 2025, U.S. Attorney General Pam Bondi was asked by Fox News journalist John Roberts whether the Justice Department would publish "the list of Jeffrey Epstein's clients", and Bondi replied: "It's sitting on my desk right now to review. That's been a directive by President Trump. I'm reviewing that."
On March 19, 2025, Alan Dershowitz stated in an interview with Sean Spicer that he knew the names of individuals on such a list and unreleased files relating to Epstein, adding that "I know why they're being suppressed. I know who's suppressing them" and that he was "bound by confidentiality from a judge and cases, and I can't disclose what I know."
On July 6, 2025, Axios reported that the Department of Justice and FBI had concluded in a two-page memo that no evidence existed that Epstein kept a "client list", blackmailed prominent individuals, or was murdered; the memo also affirmed the medical examiner's finding that Epstein died by suicide.
On July 7, 2025, the Trump administration's DOJ released a memo stating that there was no Epstein "client list" and no credible evidence of blackmail. This was met with skepticism from political commentators.
In July 2025, Virginia Giuffre's brothers, Sky Roberts and Danny Wilson, and Giuffre's sister-in-law, Amanda Roberts, told reporters that they wanted relevant documents to be released. Amanda Roberts added that Giuffre also said she wanted documents to be released, and that Virginia would have been in favor of "transparency and justice".
In July 2025, the House Oversight Committee subpoenaed Ghislaine Maxwell.
In July 2025, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) released a memo concluding that no "client list" existed in the Epstein files, that no credible evidence supported claims Epstein had blackmailed prominent individuals, and that his death was a suicide.
In August 2025, the DOJ posted an iPhone screenshot of an email Joseph Schnitt sent to his superiors describing the recordings as happening over two dates in August 2025.
On September 3, 2025, survivors spoke publicly outside the U.S. Capitol, demanding that Attorney General Bondi release all the Epstein files.
On September 4, 2025, political activist James O'Keefe posted a secret recording with DOJ acting Deputy Chief of Special Operations Joseph Schnitt. Schnitt acknowledges the existence of the Epstein files, stating that "they'll redact every Republican or conservative person in those files, leave all the liberal, Democratic people in those files".
Beginning in September 2025, the House Oversight Committee released batches of documents received from the Justice Department and the Epstein estate. On September 2, the committee released 33,295 pages of Epstein files, though most of the information was already publicly known or available. On September 8, the Epstein estate began sending files to the committee. On September 26, committee Democrats released six pages showing that Epstein had meetings with Peter Thiel, Elon Musk, and Steve Bannon.
In September 2025, Bloomberg News independently obtained 18,000 emails from Jeffrey Epstein's personal account.
In September 2025, Representatives Thomas Massie and Ro Khanna pursued a discharge petition to force the House to vote on legislation requiring the Justice Department to release the files.
As late as November 14, 2025, Donald Trump continued to assert that the Epstein files were falsified documents created by political opponents, including the Biden administration, Barack Obama, and Hillary Clinton, referring to the matter as a "Democrat hoax".
In November 2025, artist Riley Walz and Kino AI co-founder Luke Igel launched Jmail, a browser-based archive of the Epstein files.
In November 2025, the Epstein Files Transparency Act was passed, mandating the release of Epstein-related files. The initial release on December 19, 2025, drew criticism for extensive redactions.
In November 2025, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Epstein Files Transparency Act, and the U.S. Senate unanimously approved it. President Donald Trump signed the bill into law the next day.
On November 18, 2025, the U.S. House of Representatives approved the Epstein Files Transparency Act in a 427–1 vote. Representative Clay Higgins of Louisiana cast the only dissenting vote. Later the same day, the Senate unanimously voted to pass the same version of the bill, sending it to Trump's desk the next morning.
On November 19, 2025, Donald Trump signed the Epstein Files Transparency Act, which Congress passed to mandate the release of DOJ records related to Epstein.
A December 2025 Reuters poll found that 23% of Americans approved of Trump's handling of the Epstein case.
In December 2025, faulty redaction techniques in the Epstein files release allowed members of the public to recover blacked-out content, revealing information officials intended to withhold.
The Epstein Files Transparency Act, signed into law, required the Justice Department to release Epstein-related files by December 19, 2025.
In 2025, claims surrounding the existence of an Epstein "client list" reached heightened prominence, especially after a tweet from Elon Musk alleging that Donald Trump was "in the Epstein files."
A January 2026 CNN poll found that 49% of Americans were dissatisfied with how much of the Epstein files the federal government had released.
By early January 2026, less than one percent of the Epstein files had been publicly released, according to a DOJ letter to U.S. District Judge Paul A. Engelmayer. This was after an initial batch of heavily redacted files was released on December 19, 2025.
In January 2026, an additional 3 million pages of Epstein files were released, including 2,000 videos and 180,000 images. The Department of Justice stated that the January 30 release would be the final one, despite acknowledging that more files qualified for release.
The January 2026 release of Epstein files drew further criticism over redaction failures, including the publishing of unredacted nude images and the exposure of victims' names.
On January 30, 2026, the U.S. Department of Justice released over 3 million pages of documents related to Epstein. While the department claimed it was in compliance with the Epstein Files Transparency Act, lawmakers disputed this, noting that only half of the potentially responsive pages were released.
On January 31, 2026, Miroslav Lajčák, national security advisor for Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico and former president of the United Nations General Assembly, resigned due to pressure related to the Epstein files.
On February 1, 2026, attorneys representing alleged victims asked federal judges to order the immediate takedown of the Justice Department's Epstein Files website, calling the release a violation of victim privacy. The Department of Justice defended its procedures.
On February 2, 2026, Joanna Rubinstein resigned from her position as the chair of Sweden for UNHCR after it was revealed that she had visited Epstein's private island in 2012. Also on February 2, protests were held outside of Gracie Mansion after revelations that Mira Nair, the mother of New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani, had been in contact with Ghislaine Maxwell in 2009.
On February 3, 2026, Turkish prosecutors reviewed newly released Epstein files as part of an investigation into allegations that he trafficked Turkish children.
On February 10, 2026, Representative Ro Khanna identified Emirati businessman Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem as one of the individuals whose name had been redacted from the Epstein files.
As of February 2026, three people have had criminal investigations launched into them due to their ties to Epstein: Thorbjørn Jagland, Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor, and Peter Mandelson. One has been charged with aggravated corruption.
In February 2026, members of Congress were allowed to review unredacted case files related to Jeffrey Epstein at secure federal facilities operated by the Department of Justice, following the passage of the Epstein Files Transparency Act. Lawmakers were allowed to examine the documents on site under controlled conditions but were not permitted to remove, copy, or reproduce the materials.
As of February 19, 2026, Jmail has archived a total of 1,412,250 files and 2,474,242 pages.
On March 11, 2026, Richard Kahn sat for a closed-door deposition before the House Oversight Committee.
On March 19, 2026, Jonathan Cowan and Lily Cohen, in an editorial in The Wall Street Journal, characterized the phrase 'Epstein class' as one of the 'age-old tropes about Jewish wealth and influence'.
According to declassified 2019 FBI investigation findings released in 2026, other victims did not corroborate Giuffre's specific allegation that Epstein had operated a trafficking "ring" that "lent out" girls to other powerful men. Evidence seized from Epstein's homes also only implicated Epstein and his accomplice, Ghislaine Maxwell.
In early 2026, the Epstein files continued to receive significant global coverage. News agencies such as Al Jazeera, BBC, and Le Monde released reports and opinion articles, indicating substantial international interest in the case. The relationship with Maxwell and Epstein has been met with public discontent, particularly in Europe and the United Kingdom.
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